Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1925)

Astrapaios^ Astrdpton 807

Of greater moment are the titles of similar meaning sanctioned
by actual cult; for these afford proof that the zoistic conception of
Zeus as the downward-flashing bolt passed into the anthropomorphic
conception of him as hurler of the same. Thus Mantineia in Greek
times worshipped Zeus Keraunds, 'the Thunderbolt1.' But Tegea
in Roman times worshipped Zeus Keraiinobolos, ' the Hurler of the
Thunderbolt2.'

As the somewhat vaguer3 god 'of the Thunderbolt' {Keraunios)
Zeus was recognised in literature4 and had numerous cults from
Palmyra in the east to Rome in the west3.

1 Supra p. 12 f.

2 Inscr. Gr. Arc. Lac. Mess, ii no. 37 [o'lde viK-qaavTes ev Teyecl\ | ev a.y(ui)o-i ro'cs
'0\vfj.TTiaKois I t<J5 T&eylarqj /ecu KepavvofioXip Ad | avaTe(T)deipLevois | eKOftiaavTO tovs are-
cpav(o)vs, which together with no. 36 = 0. T. Newton in The Collection of Ancient Greek
Inscriptions in the British Museum Oxford 1883 ii. 11 ff. no. I56 = F. Bechtel in Collitz—
Bechtel Gr. Dial.-Inschr. i. 351 ff. no. 1231= Michel Recueil d''Inscr. gr. no. 888.
Nilsson Gr. Teste p. 4 f. would identify the Tegeate Zeus KepavvofibXos with Zeus KXdpios
{infra Append. B Arkadia). Cp. Loukian. philopatr. 4 6 fipovToiroi.bs nal Kepavvo[3b\os
aov Zeis.

3 (1) A tomb-inscription from Kition in Kypros associates Kepavvtos with Kepavvia
(Lebas—Waddington Asie Minenre iii no. 2739 Explic. p. 635 /cJexoAw/xe'cot' tvxol tov
Kepavviov. dv tls aiiTTjV diprj, /c[e]x[o]Aw1uei'7;s tvxol' &v rt[s] l^dXy Koirpia, Kexo\cou.evrjs
Tijxoi ttjs Kepavvias). O. Hdfer in Roscher Lex. Myth. ii. 1116 takes Kepavvios to be
Zeus, Kepavvia an unknown goddess. W. Drexler ib. ii. n 17 detects Resef Hes and
Anat. H. Usener in the Khein. Mus. 1905 lx. 14 ( = id. Kleine Schriften Leipzig—Berlin
1913 iv. 482) recognises 'den Sondergott...mit dem weiblichen Seitensttick.'

(2) A fragmentary inscription at El-Malik/ye (El-Malka) in Syria mentions Kepavvios
only (Lebas—Waddington AsieMineureetc. iii no. 2195 Explic. p. 511 [.. . .]ov | ~Sla\e xov
iTr\6r)<xe\v Kep\avvL\u) on a small stile broken at the top).

(3) A dedication built into the fortress-wall of Mytilene runs: Zojo-l/xtj Atevvopov (?) |
9eto Kepavviw'T^iffTw \ evxv" dveQy\Kev (Inscr. Gr. ins. ii no. 126). Adler in Pauly—Wissowa
Real-Enc. xi. 267 infers from the use of "Yxpio-Tos that this was an oriental cult.

4 Aristot. de ///undo 7. 401 a 17, Orph. h. Zeus 15. 9 (cp. supra p. 12 n. 3), Scholl—
Studemund a//ecd. i. 265 'KirideTa Atbs (52) Kepavviov, 266 'Hit id era Aws (47) Kepavviov,
274 'KnideTa Albs' ...Kepavvtos, 281 'EwideTa tov Alos.. .Kepavvios. Cp. Anth. Pal. 7. 49. 2
(Bianor) Zavi Kepavveiio (supra p. 9).

0 (1) Palmyra (Corp. inscr. Gr. iii no. 4501 = Dittenberger Oric/it. Gr. inscr. sel.
no. 631 a dedication of Hadrianic date Ad ~Sleyi<jTU} Kepav\viio k.t.\.).

(2) Damaskos (Corp. inscr. Gr. iii no. 4520, 3 ff. iepei)[s] I Aibs Kepav\vio\y] eavrw \ to
p.vriixa. inscription of a rock-cut tomb).

(3) Seleukeia Pieria (infra p. 809 n. 6 f.).

(4) Kition in Kypros (Corp. inscr. Gr. ii no. 2641, 2 ff. Aii Kepavviwi---| ' AcppodiTr/i,

7r6Xei, I drip-uL, bp.ovoiai, \ k.t.~K. on a marble base of Roman date. See also supra n. ^
no. (1)).

(5) Phrygia (G. Cousin in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1884 viii. 503 publishes an astragalo-
mantic inscription on a marble block at Ormelle (Tefeny), of which face iii, 7 reads [Aibs
K]epavviov).

(6) Lydia (Corp. inscr. Gr. ii no. 3446 = Lebas—Waddington Asie Minenre iii no. 1674,
3 ff. Alt Kepavviio dd\.\j3o(\)ridevTO}v aw\/xdTicv 5vo k.t.X., where K. Keil in Philologus
1863 Suppl. ii. 609 ff. proposes daTpo(3o\r]devTiov in the sense of ' struck by lightning' and
H. Usener in the Rhein. Mus. 1905 lx. 15 n. 1 ( = id. Kleine Schrifte/i Leipzig—Berlin
1913 iv. 483 n. 44) would read da(3o\ydevTwv, 'scorched.' In any case Keil loc. cit. saw