Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1925)

Astrapaios, Astrdpton 8 11

would-be Iupiter1, 'restored' the types of Vespasian- and Titus3
in gold. Domitian, who was often called Iupiter4 by the poets of
his day and sometimes Tonans5, naturally made the device his
own". And Antoninus Pius, another pretender to the sky-god's

Fig. 775. Fig. 776.

honours7, issued silver coins of similar stamp (fig. 7/6)8, on which
however the thunderbolt is unwinged. Lastly9, a relief in the
museum at Mantua (fig. 778)10 portrays the regalia, as it were, of

1 Supra p. 100 n. 6.

2 Morell. op. cit. ii. 274 pi. 5, 28, Cohen op. cit.'1 i. 419 no. 650, Collection de Ponton
a"A?nkourt Paris 1887 pi. 6, 149.

3 Cohen op. cit.1 i. 380 no. 318 pi. 16, id.- i. 462 no. 403 fig.

4 Stat. silv. 1. 6. 27, Mart. ep. 9. 28. 10, 9. 86. 8, 14. 1. 2, cp. Dionys. per. 210 of>s
Atos owe akeyovTa.'i aww\e(rei> Avcrovis aix/^V-

5 Mart. ep. 6. 10. 9, 7. 56. 4 (supra i. 751 n. 8), 7. 99. 1, 9. 39. 1, 9. 65. 1, 9. 86. 7,
10. 51. 13.

Bronze coins of Domitian, issued 85—95 A.D., show him
standing towards the left, in military attire, with a thunder-
bolt in his right hand and a headless spear in his left, while
a palm-bearing Victory places a wreath on his head (Morell.
op. cit. ii. 461 pi. 15, 23 and 24, Cohen op. cit.'1 i. 512
nos. 509—515).

An engraved cornelian in my possession (fig. 777. Scale -j)
represents Domitian (?) as a youthful Iupiter standing in a
similar pose, with the same attributes in his hands, an aigis
round his neck, and an eagle at his feet.

6 Morell. op. cit. ii. 436 pi. 9, 28 (silver of 8r A.D.), 437
pi. 9, 33 and 37 (silver of 81 A.D.), 438 pi. 10, 7 (silver of
82 A.D.), Cohen op. cit." i. 475 nos. 61 (gold of 80 A.D.) and
62 (silver of 80A.D.), 517 no. 554 (silver of 80A.D.), 518

nos. 574 (gold of 81 A.D.) and 575 (silver of 81 A.D.), 519 no. 597 (silver of 82 A.D.).

7 Supra p. 101 n. 5.

8 Cohen op. cit.2 ii. 304 no. 345 (silver of 145 A.D.). I figure a specimen in my
collection.

9 A relief said to have come from the amphitheatre at Rome (Gruter /user. ant. tot.
orb. Rom. i. 7 no. 1 with pi. after Boissard Antiqq. iii. 128, Montfaucon Antiquity
Explained trans. D. Humphreys London 1 72 1 i. 32 f. pi. 1 2 no. 5) amplifies the coin-type :
an eagle is perched on the thunderbolt, and the throne is flanked by a pair of globes. The
accompanying inscription (Corp. iuscr. Lat. vi no. 3139*) purports to record a vow made
by Iulius Pudens Severianus to Iupiter Optinius A/aximus and to Iuno Kegina for the
health of M. Aurelius Antoninus Pius Felix Augustus and Iulia Augusta, i.e. Caracalla and
his mother, or Flagabalos and one of his wives (Iulia Paula? Iulia Aquilia Severa?). But
the whole monument appears to be an impudent forgery (cp. supra i. 7140. 4).

10 D. G. Labus Museo delta Reale Accademia di Mantova Mantova 1830 i. 69 f.
pi. 20 ( = my fig. 778), E. Braun Vorschide der Kunstmythologie Gotha 1854 P- 5 6.