Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1925)

816 Zeus Keraunobolos, Keraunios;

have been an ancient one, for it had already passed into a proverb
in the fifth century B.C.1 Indeed, it not improbably dates back to
the time when Zeus the lightning-god was lord of Pytho2. Apollon,
who took over so much from his predecessors3, may well have retained
the ominous flash of Zeus4. As to the ritual of the ensuing sacri-
fice, inscriptions of the second and first centuries B.C. tell how
Pythaistai of various noble families took first-fruits from Athens to
Delphoi, and brought back a sacred tripod on a chariot, together
with a priestess called the Fire-bearer5. The rites thus practised in

'qpepas Kai vijktcis, dirb tt)s ecrxdpas tov Ao~Tpairaiov Atcis- e'en S' avrrj ev rip Te'ixei p:era^v
tov llvdiov Kai tov 'OXvpLTriov. B. Niese ' Apollodors Commentar zum Schiffskataloge als
Quelle Strabo's' in the Rhein. Mus. 1877 xxxii. 267 ff. showed that Strabon drew his
information from Apollodoros' note on the Boeotian Harma (//. 2. 499) in his work -rrepi
veGiv KaraXoyov. Strabon in turn was the source of Steph. Byz. s.v."Apfia and Eustath.
in II. p. 235, 44 ff., p. 266, 33 ff.

1 Frag. com. anon. 110 [Frag. com. Gr. iv. 631 f. Meineke) ap. Hesych. daTpaxJ/y did.
IlvKvds' ivrl tov 5i "AppiaTos. The subject of do-Tpaxpy, as Meineke saw, is probably
l'erikles in his character of human Zeus: cp. Aristoph. Ach. 530 f.

The proverb is recorded by Zenob. 1.37 (cod. M) orav 81 "Appearos darpafy- 7) Tca.poip.La.
eipyrai ewi tlcv xpovius yivop.evu>v eireiSr) 'Adyvaloi eidodaai irepireiv eh AeX<poiis 6v(rLav>
TTjprjcravTes daTpatryv diro tivos totvov (paveiaav, ov "App.a irpoaayopevovaiv (cp. Souid. s.v*
"Appa, Hesych. s.w. daTpairri 81 "AppiaTOS and cV "App.aT0s, Bekker anecd. i. 212, 16 f.),
who is known to have epitomised the proverbs of Didymos and Loukillos of Tarrha
(Souid. s.v. Zyvofiios, cp. schol. Aristoph. nub. 134). It is used by Plout. symp. 5. 5. 2
oi yap airaviics Kai " Sl 'AppaTos," cos <paaiv, eo~TiwvTes k.t.X.

2 Supra pp. j 79 f., 186 if., 23 r ff., 267.

3 Supra pp. 231, 266.

4 Lightning was occasionally connected with Apollon (Gruppe Gr. Myth. Rel.
p. 1226 n. 1): see e.g. Eur. Ion 285 n/xa acpe {sc. the Long Cliffs on the N. side of the
Akropolis at Athens) IIvOlos doTpairaL re YUdtai ; Apollod. I. 9. 26 ifXeovTes Se vvktos
o~(po8pui TrepnrLirTovffL %ei,uclVt. 'AttoXXwj' 5£ eras ewi ras MeXavriovs Seipds, ro^evaas Tip
/3eXei eis tt]v BaXaacrav KaTTjffTpaxpev. oi Se ■nXyaiov ededaavTO vrjaov, Tip 8e irapa irpoo~8oKiav
dvacpavyvai TTpocropp.io'de'vTes 'Avd<pr\v eKaXeaav. iSpvadpevoi Se (3wpbv 'A7r6AAcofOS AiyXrjrov
Kai dvaidcravTes irr' evLoxiav eTpairyaav (cp. Ap. Rhod. 4. I70lff., Orph. Arg. 1353 ff.).
Coins of Axos in Crete, struck in s. iv. B.C., have obv. head of Apollon, rev. tripod ; but
from c. 300 B.C. onwards the head of Apollon is replaced usually by a head of Zeus, and
the tripod sometimes gives place to a thunderbolt, sometimes has a thunderbolt resting
upon it (Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Crete etc. p. 14 f. pi. 3, 12, 17, J. N. Svoronos Numis-
matique de la Crete ancienne Macon 1890 p. 40 pi. 3, 10 and 11, cp. p. 38 pi. 3, 1, Head
Hist, num.2 p. 459). Similarly a copper of Antiochos xi Epiphanes (PAntiochos viii
Grypos) has rev. a winged thunderbolt resting on a tripod (Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Seleucid
Kings of Syria p. 99 pi. 26, 7).

5 L. Couve in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1894 xviii. 90ft. no. 10, 2 ff. = Michel Recueil
cV Inscr. gr. no. 266, 2ff.=J. Baunack in Colhtz--—Bechtel Gr. Dial.-Inschr. ii. 8721".
no. 2728. iS.=Fouilles de Delphes iii. 2 no. 33, 2 ff., cp. id. p. 290, = Dittenberger Syll.
inscr. Gr? no. 697 Z, 2 ff. (from the wall of the Treasury of the Athenians at Delphoi,
relating to the second Pythai's, that of 128/7 B-c-) [««' ' AX]KiSap.os Bixpdvovs [6 ry^eVepos]
TroXiTas, evcrej3i2>s Kai bffiios SiaKeip.evos ttot'l re tov debv \ [Kai ttotl] Tav irbXiv ap.Qv, dyay[wv
Se /c]cu tov TpLiroSa ecp' dpp.aT0S d|iais tov Te deov Kai tov vp.eTepov j [8dp.ov K\ai apiwv, Tav re
irapewiSap'iav [/ecu] avao~Tpo<pav eiroirjcraTo cos evSexeTaLL KaXXio~Ta' k.t.X.

A. Nikitsky in Hermes 1893 xxviii. 619 ff. — Fouilles de Delphes iii. 1 no. 13, 1 ff., cp. ib.
p. 290, = Dittenberger Syll. inscr. Gr? no. 711 D, 22 ff. (from the wall of the Treasury