Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1925)

caused by the Chariot of Zeus 831

and art1, but it enters into ritual and mythology of long
standing.

The inhabitants of Krannon in Thessaly kept as a sacred object

evTi ~S.pbvov rerpa^uyi 8'i<ppip- j lttttol 5e Kpoviwvos 6p.6£vyes yaav arjrcu. j k<xi irfi p.ev arepoirfjaL
KopvaueTO, irfj 5£ Kepavvi^, | &X\ot€ Si fipovTycrii' iirexpo-^v, aWore 5' o/xfipwv \ irriyvvp.evrj'i
irpoxiuv Trerpov/xeva vQra %aXaf77s | 6p.dpi}pots (3ekeeo-o~i, cp. lb. 36. 422 f. koX tote reTpairop-
010 ~Kp6vov arpocpaXiyya Kvkivduiv, \ 'nnrevwv £ros sktov, eXto-aero Kap.wv\os Aidiv... M. Mayer
in Roscher Lex. Myth. ii. 1496 f. justly notes the Orphic colouring of the passages from
Nonnos and compares Eur. frag. 943 Nauck'2 ap. Macrob. Sat. 1. 17. 59 ■nvpLytvr\% 5i
5pa,Kwu 686v rjyetTCLi [reus] Terpap.6p(pois \ oipais ^evyvvs app-ovia iroXvKapirov o'x^a. See also
supra i. 337 f., and cp. the place "Apfia on Mt Parnes (Append. B Attike).

1 Throughout the whole range of classical art Zeus (Iupiter) is often represented in—
sometimes, beside—his chariot, grasping or hurling a thunderbolt. The scene is usually,
but not always, a Gigantomachy. I append a few examples :

(1) Gems (Reinach Pierres Gravies p. 5 no. 13 pi. 3, Furtwangler Ant. Gemmen i pi.
18, 6 (=my fig. 760), ii. 87; i pi. 57, 2 ( = my fig. 44), ii. 259, id. Geschnitt. Steine Berlin
p. 229 no. 6255 pi. 43, Brit. Mus. Cat. Gems p. 92 no. 591 {infra § 9 (c))).

(2) Coins (Rasche Lex. Num. iv. 1196 f., Suppl. iii. 266 f., Overbeck Gr. Kunstmyth.
Zeus p. 387 f. Munztaf. 5, 9 f., Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins
Italy pp. 67 Aesernia, 74 Atella, 81 Capua, 331 f.
Bruttii, Hunter Cat. Coins i. 22 Aesernia, 26 Atella,
125 Bruttii pi. 9, 6, Head Hist, num.2 pp. 27, 31, 33 f.,
Babelon Monn. rdp. rom. ii. 636 and 654 Index s.vv.
'Jupiter,' 'Quadrige.' I give (fig. 787) an autonomous
copper of Capua after Garrucci Mon. Li. Ant. p. 89
pi. 87, 7. The finest numismatic types are, however,
those of the Roman medallions: Brit. Mus. Cat.
Medallions p. n no. 24 pi. 15, 1 Antoninus Pius,
Frbhner Med. emp. rom. p. 68 fig. Antoninus Pius,
P- :57 fig- Septimius Severus, Kubitschek Rom. Me-
dallions Wien p. 5 no. 36 pi. 3 Antoninus Pius, Gnecchi
Medagl. Rom. i. 45 no. 1 pi. 22, 2 Septimius Severus,
ii. 10 no. 12 pi. 43, 10 Antoninus Pius, ii. 14 f. no. 49 pi. 49, 1 Antoninus Pius, ii. 28
no. 11 pi. 60, 1 M. Aurelius).

(3) Vases (Furtwangler—Reichhold Gr. Vasenmalerei i. 4 pi. 1—2 the ' Francois'-
vase, ii. 194 pi. 96 a red-figured amphora in the Louvre, Lenormant—de Witte El. mon.
cer. i. 27 pi. 13 a red-figured amphora from the Hamilton collection = Reinach Rep. Vases
ii. 287, 1, cp. H. B. Walters History of Ancient Pottery London 1905 ii. 18, 188).

(4) Reliefs (Fonilles de Delphes iv pi. 13—14, 2, col. pi. 21—23, 1, Perrot—Chipiez Hist,
de FArt viii. 374 fig. 175, F. Poulsen Delphi trans. G. C. Richards London 1920 p. 136 f.
fig. 55 north frieze of the Siphnian Treasury ; Die Skulpturen des Pergamon-Museums in
Photographien Berlin 1903 pis. 14, 15, Pergamon iii. 2. 48 ff. Atlas pi. 10 f.).

A Hellenistic group in terra cotta, found at Gnathia [Fasano) in Apulia and bequeathed
by Sir W. Temple to the national collection, is described as follows by H. B. Walters {Brit.
Mus. Cat. Terracottas p. 324 no. D 157. My pi. xxxvii is from a photograph by Mr R. B.
Fleming): 'Zeus in four-horse chariot, on a large plinth. His figure is visible as far as
the knees; his head is inclined to his 1., r. hand extended with open palm, and in 1. he
holds up an apple (?). He has a thick straight beard and curly hair with laurel-wreath ;
drapery is twisted round his waist and 1. arm, covering the 1. leg. The body of the chariot
is represented by a high narrow box on a base, with an arched railing round the front and
sides; the horses together with the pole and yoke of the chariot are much restored, as are
the wheels of the chariot, from the axles of which project lions' heads. Ht. of Zeus (with
base), n| in... Back of Zeus slightly modelled.'