DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.14697#0117
The Mountain-cults of Zeus 955
[KOipavos ovpa]vlai<Ti Kencur/iiivos Tjve[K]es wpcus,
[fpi irepi(TTeWo]vTi k[o]ixt)v evdpeirTov d[p]ovpais
[rjbe depei Kapirbv TroXi\b<TTaxw dfJ.d}ovt[i]
[nop^vpebv re Tpvyu>v]rL fibrpvv XnrapQL p,[e]6oTru>pco[i]
25 [/cat xet^tdwt PpoToh] tiprjv eiiKp-rirov d-yo[er]t,
\_iX6e irbXiv crwfJetjU, //.d/cctp, 6'X/3te, Kal X\ye -rrrj/xa,]
[otti KdKws d}fjLU>s r]e Kara (ppevas eXX[a/3ev 7]fxas.\
[rap^eo/mev yap wdv~\Tes del K7)Teia [7r^Xwpa]
[\oip.T]s- 7] p.dXa Xjabv &.peiov dix\_vp.ova rpi/xet,]
30 [oLffrpioi Xvaar)e"\vTi. Kar[a(TKri-!rTovcra 7roXtrcus.]
[dXXd (tv, Kapirip.e\ IIat[dv,----].
The older and simpler altar of Zeus, consisting of ashes from the thighs of victims
sacrificed to the god (Paus. 5. 13. 8 -Ke-Koirjrai be (sc. the altar of Zeus at Olympia) iepeioiv
twv dvo/xevuv Tip Ad <X7r6 rrjs recppas rwv ixrjpCjv, KaOdirep ye Kal ev Hepyapup' k.t.X.),
probably occupied the actual summit of the hill (supra i. 120 f. fig. 89). The magnificent
altar built by Eumenes ii was situated near the top, on a broad terrace seventy or eighty
feet below the temple of Athena (supra i. 118 ff. pi. x and figs. 87, 88). This altar has
often been identified with 6 dpbvos rod "Zarava (Rev. 2. 13) ; but the phrase refers rather
to Pergamon as the centre of the imperial cult (R. H. Charles A critical and exegetical
Commentary on the Revelation of St. fo/in Edinburgh 1920 i. 60 f.).
Zeus was associated with Athena, (M. Frankel op. cit. 1890 i. 29 ff". no. 29 = Michel
Recueil oVInscr. gr. no. 1215 = Dittenberger Orient. Gr. inscr. sel. no. 280 a dedication of
c. 223 B.C. fiaaiXea "ArraXov (sc. Attalos i) | 'ETriyei>[7]]s Kal oi Tjye/xoves Kal crTpaT[t<j;]Tat J
oi ffvvaywvLadfJ,evoL rds wpbs roiis r[aX]dras j Kal 'Avt'loxov /xd%as xaPLcr[T]vPla | Att,
''Adrjvai. I 'E(ir)iy6vov Zpya) or more often with Athena Xttc?706pos (M. Frankel op. cit. i.
32 ff. nos. 33—37, 43 ff. nos. 51—56, 46 no. 58, 50 f. no. 63, 52 f. no. 65 f., 54 f. no. 69,
124 ff. nos. 214—216, [30 ff. no. 225—the formula in each case being Ad Kal '' Adr^vdi
Ni/c?706pwt). E. Thraemer Pergamos Leipzig 1888 pp. 223—227 infers from their association
that the temple of Athena, which is divided by a cross-wall into two approximately equal
halves (J. L. Ussing Pergamos Berlin—Stuttgart 1899 pi. 3 after Pergamon ii pi. 3), was
in reality a double temple of Zeus and Athena. He notes the Pergamene coin-type of
Athena's owl on the thunderbolt of Zeus (Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Mysia p. 132 pi. 27, 13
A0H NAI NIKH <t>OPOY, Head Hist, num? p. 536: cp. Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins
Pontus, etc. p. 84 pi. 19, 5, Waddington—Babelon—Reinach Monn. gr. d''As. Min. i. 136
pi. 18, 8 similar type on a coin of Amastris) and suspects an allusion to their joint temple in
a couplet on the base of a marble herm from the Byzantine wall on the south side of the
agora (M. Frankel op. cit. ii. 242 no. 325 'EppLrju dvpaiov 'PoO0os iepebs rod Aids | etSpvffe
(pvXaKa too veQ> Kal pvropa). But his views have not been adopted by the authors of the
official Berlin publication.
Zeus figures of course in Pergamene oaths. Eumenes i and the mercenary leaders who
rose against him in 263 B.C. swore by Zeus, Ge, Helios, Poseidon, Demeter, Ares, Athena
'Apela and 7] TavpowoXos (M. Frankel op. cit. i. 10 ff. no. 13 = Michel op. cit. no. 15 -
Dittenberger Orient. Gr. inscr. sel. no. 266 quoted supra p. 729 n. o no. (3)). Towards
the end of s. ii B.C. public oaths were administered at the altar of Zeus Zwttjp in the
agora (M. Frankel op. cit. ii. 177 ff. no. 251, 27 ff. = Michel op. cit. no. 519, 27 ff. = Ditten-
berger Syll. inscr. Gr.2 no. 592, 27 ff. otvuis bk ravra els top airavra xpbvov biap.evr\l \
[3e[3aia'A&k\r]TridSY]i Kal rots dtroybvoLS ro?s | 'A<7/fX??7rtd5oi/, eirLTeXeiv bpKwp.baiov tj]V irbXiv |
iv rrji ayopai £ttI tov Atos rod Swr^pos twi (3wp.w[i] j Kal bp.baai rds rip-ovx^as, rj fxrjv
ipLpieve?v k.t.X.). Among the honours decreed to Attalos iii by Elaia was a golden eques-
trian statue to be set up on a marble column beside the altar of Zeus 2wr??p in the agora
(M. Frankel op. cit. i. 153 ff. no. 246, 9 ff. = Michel op. cit. no. 515, 9 ff. = Dittenberger
Orient. Gr. inscr. sel. no. 332, 9 ff. <yrr\<sai. bh avrov Kal eiKbva XPV<TVV t<pnriroi> eirl <ttv\\l8os
p.app.apiv7)s rrapa tov tov Atos [t]oD Scor^pos (3icp:bv, 6Vws VTrapxiT- V I eiK&v ^v T^L iirL<pave-
UTaroiL roTrwi rijs dyopds, k.t.X.) ; but this must refer to the agora at Elaia, not at Pergamon
(M. Frankel op. cit. i. 156).
[KOipavos ovpa]vlai<Ti Kencur/iiivos Tjve[K]es wpcus,
[fpi irepi(TTeWo]vTi k[o]ixt)v evdpeirTov d[p]ovpais
[rjbe depei Kapirbv TroXi\b<TTaxw dfJ.d}ovt[i]
[nop^vpebv re Tpvyu>v]rL fibrpvv XnrapQL p,[e]6oTru>pco[i]
25 [/cat xet^tdwt PpoToh] tiprjv eiiKp-rirov d-yo[er]t,
\_iX6e irbXiv crwfJetjU, //.d/cctp, 6'X/3te, Kal X\ye -rrrj/xa,]
[otti KdKws d}fjLU>s r]e Kara (ppevas eXX[a/3ev 7]fxas.\
[rap^eo/mev yap wdv~\Tes del K7)Teia [7r^Xwpa]
[\oip.T]s- 7] p.dXa Xjabv &.peiov dix\_vp.ova rpi/xet,]
30 [oLffrpioi Xvaar)e"\vTi. Kar[a(TKri-!rTovcra 7roXtrcus.]
[dXXd (tv, Kapirip.e\ IIat[dv,----].
The older and simpler altar of Zeus, consisting of ashes from the thighs of victims
sacrificed to the god (Paus. 5. 13. 8 -Ke-Koirjrai be (sc. the altar of Zeus at Olympia) iepeioiv
twv dvo/xevuv Tip Ad <X7r6 rrjs recppas rwv ixrjpCjv, KaOdirep ye Kal ev Hepyapup' k.t.X.),
probably occupied the actual summit of the hill (supra i. 120 f. fig. 89). The magnificent
altar built by Eumenes ii was situated near the top, on a broad terrace seventy or eighty
feet below the temple of Athena (supra i. 118 ff. pi. x and figs. 87, 88). This altar has
often been identified with 6 dpbvos rod "Zarava (Rev. 2. 13) ; but the phrase refers rather
to Pergamon as the centre of the imperial cult (R. H. Charles A critical and exegetical
Commentary on the Revelation of St. fo/in Edinburgh 1920 i. 60 f.).
Zeus was associated with Athena, (M. Frankel op. cit. 1890 i. 29 ff". no. 29 = Michel
Recueil oVInscr. gr. no. 1215 = Dittenberger Orient. Gr. inscr. sel. no. 280 a dedication of
c. 223 B.C. fiaaiXea "ArraXov (sc. Attalos i) | 'ETriyei>[7]]s Kal oi Tjye/xoves Kal crTpaT[t<j;]Tat J
oi ffvvaywvLadfJ,evoL rds wpbs roiis r[aX]dras j Kal 'Avt'loxov /xd%as xaPLcr[T]vPla | Att,
''Adrjvai. I 'E(ir)iy6vov Zpya) or more often with Athena Xttc?706pos (M. Frankel op. cit. i.
32 ff. nos. 33—37, 43 ff. nos. 51—56, 46 no. 58, 50 f. no. 63, 52 f. no. 65 f., 54 f. no. 69,
124 ff. nos. 214—216, [30 ff. no. 225—the formula in each case being Ad Kal '' Adr^vdi
Ni/c?706pwt). E. Thraemer Pergamos Leipzig 1888 pp. 223—227 infers from their association
that the temple of Athena, which is divided by a cross-wall into two approximately equal
halves (J. L. Ussing Pergamos Berlin—Stuttgart 1899 pi. 3 after Pergamon ii pi. 3), was
in reality a double temple of Zeus and Athena. He notes the Pergamene coin-type of
Athena's owl on the thunderbolt of Zeus (Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Mysia p. 132 pi. 27, 13
A0H NAI NIKH <t>OPOY, Head Hist, num? p. 536: cp. Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins
Pontus, etc. p. 84 pi. 19, 5, Waddington—Babelon—Reinach Monn. gr. d''As. Min. i. 136
pi. 18, 8 similar type on a coin of Amastris) and suspects an allusion to their joint temple in
a couplet on the base of a marble herm from the Byzantine wall on the south side of the
agora (M. Frankel op. cit. ii. 242 no. 325 'EppLrju dvpaiov 'PoO0os iepebs rod Aids | etSpvffe
(pvXaKa too veQ> Kal pvropa). But his views have not been adopted by the authors of the
official Berlin publication.
Zeus figures of course in Pergamene oaths. Eumenes i and the mercenary leaders who
rose against him in 263 B.C. swore by Zeus, Ge, Helios, Poseidon, Demeter, Ares, Athena
'Apela and 7] TavpowoXos (M. Frankel op. cit. i. 10 ff. no. 13 = Michel op. cit. no. 15 -
Dittenberger Orient. Gr. inscr. sel. no. 266 quoted supra p. 729 n. o no. (3)). Towards
the end of s. ii B.C. public oaths were administered at the altar of Zeus Zwttjp in the
agora (M. Frankel op. cit. ii. 177 ff. no. 251, 27 ff. = Michel op. cit. no. 519, 27 ff. = Ditten-
berger Syll. inscr. Gr.2 no. 592, 27 ff. otvuis bk ravra els top airavra xpbvov biap.evr\l \
[3e[3aia'A&k\r]TridSY]i Kal rots dtroybvoLS ro?s | 'A<7/fX??7rtd5oi/, eirLTeXeiv bpKwp.baiov tj]V irbXiv |
iv rrji ayopai £ttI tov Atos rod Swr^pos twi (3wp.w[i] j Kal bp.baai rds rip-ovx^as, rj fxrjv
ipLpieve?v k.t.X.). Among the honours decreed to Attalos iii by Elaia was a golden eques-
trian statue to be set up on a marble column beside the altar of Zeus 2wr??p in the agora
(M. Frankel op. cit. i. 153 ff. no. 246, 9 ff. = Michel op. cit. no. 515, 9 ff. = Dittenberger
Orient. Gr. inscr. sel. no. 332, 9 ff. <yrr\<sai. bh avrov Kal eiKbva XPV<TVV t<pnriroi> eirl <ttv\\l8os
p.app.apiv7)s rrapa tov tov Atos [t]oD Scor^pos (3icp:bv, 6Vws VTrapxiT- V I eiK&v ^v T^L iirL<pave-
UTaroiL roTrwi rijs dyopds, k.t.X.) ; but this must refer to the agora at Elaia, not at Pergamon
(M. Frankel op. cit. i. 156).