Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,2): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Appendixes and index (Cambridge, 1925)

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 883

slab of marble Qe(p 'T^/ia\Tq> ev\xvv Av\pijXLos | '' AakKo.itio\i>, r)v bfj.o\Xb(y)rf<Tev e\_v] | 'Pco/xt?),
at Arslan Apa'm the upper valley of the river Tembrogios or Tembrios (J. G. C. Anderson
in W. M. Ramsay Studies in the History and Art of the Eastern Provinces of the Roman
Empire Aberdeen 1906 p. 211 no. 9 on an altar with a garland in relief [. . . . rj]
'NiKo[fia(?)]xov [• •] I [£tou]s tXtj' ( = 253/4A.D.)' Ai)p. 'I&crwv Qetp \ 'Tif/iaru ex>xvv)- The
Qebs "Ti/wros was here, as Anderson saw, Zeus Bevnos or Bevveijs the native god of the
district (W. M. Ramsay in the Jotirn. Hell. Stud. 1884 v. 259 f. no. 11 on a marble
cippus from Karagatch Euren near Altyntash, below a relief representing a bunch of
grapes, an eagle, and a radiate head of the sun-god Ait Bevv'uo \ Aioyevrjs virep \ Aioyevovs
iraTTirov I /cat KX. ~Kpvcriov | fxdfj.fji.Tjs /cat tuiv | KaroiKovvrcov | ev 'Icx/co/x?? Ka.diepw\<rev. \
' AttoWixivios 'layepeavbs eiroiei. Ramsay refers the cippus ' most probably to the second
century after Christ,' adding 'I understand this inscription to be placed by Diogenes on
the grave of his grandparents; in preparing the grave Diogenes considers that he is dedi-
cating the spot to Zeus Bennios. The grave is a shrine of Zeus, and the funeral offerings
to the dead were considered at the same time as offerings to Zeus.' Id. id. p. 258 f. no.
10 on a stile at Serea [Kuyujak), three hours north-west of Nakoleia Mdp/cos | MdpKov |
Ail BpovtGiv|rt /cat Bevvei \ Xepeavip ar\e(pavov. Ramsay remarks: ' Here it is evident that
Benni-s, or Zeus Benneus, the god of the western side [of the mountains], and Papas, or
Zeus Bronton, the god of the eastern side, are expressly identified.' Lebas—Waddington
Asie Mineure no. 774= Corp. inscr. Gr. iii Add. no. 38577 = 0. Perrot—E. Guillaume—
J. Delbet Exploration archeologique de la Galatie et de la Bithynie etc. Paris 1872 i. 122 f.
no. 86 on a cylindrical cippus at Alty?itash iiivkp tt)s avroKparopos | Nepot/a Ipa'iavov
Katcapos j ~S>ej3ao~Tov TepftaviKov | Aa/ct/coO ve'tKr/s Att BevvLu) | Mrfvcxpavrfs TeifioXdov | top
(iwfj.bv dve<XTTftjev \ BevveiacnjvCbv. W. M. Ramsay The Historical Geography of Asia Minor
{Royal Geographical Society: Supplementary Papers iv) London 1890 p. 144f. (cp.
S. Reinach Chroniques d'orient Paris 1891 p. 498) was the first to read the concluding
line aright as Bevvei Xorfvuiv, Soa being the chief town of the Praipenisseis in the neigh-
bourhood of Altyntash), whose priests, the Be^^etrat, are mentioned in another inscription
from the same locality [Corp. inscr. Gr. iii no. 3857 between Aizanoi and Kotiaeion
Tpvcpwv MeviffKov Att | /cat rot? Bevveirais). W. M. Ramsay in the Journ. Hell. Stud. 1887
viii. 512 f. takes Zeus Bevvios or Bevveus to mean 'he who stands on a Car,' cp. the Gallic
(Paul, ex Fest. p. 32, 14 Muller, p. 29, 24^ Lindsay benna lingua Gallica genus vehiculi
appellatur, unde vocantur conbennones in eadem benna sedentes), Messapian (W. Deecke
in the Rhein. Mus. 1882 xxxvii. 385 f. no. 22), and Thraco-Illyrian word benna (Steph.
Byz. s.v. Bevva, ttoXis QpaKrjs, k.t.X., Thes. Ling. Lat. ii. 1907, 48ff. Bennius, 69f. Bennus).

(24) Bithynia (?). J. H. Mordtmann in the Arch.-ep. Mitth. 1885 viii. 198 no. 18
publishes a miniature base from the coast of Asia Minor inscribed dyadrj rixv1' I ®eV
'TipiaTip I ''AiiKKrjTri65o\Tos 2wcrt7rd{t/3ou /card 6\yap.

(25) Paphlagonia. Inscriptions from the district of Sinope record the cult of the Qebs
"TipHjTos (G. Doublet in the Pull. Co7'r. Hell. 1889 xiii. 303 f. no. 7 = D. M. Robinson in
the Am. Journ. Arch. 1905 ix. 306 no. 29 Qew 'T^l<r[r]ip | At'Xtos Qpeirriuv, \ Hovnavbs,
2.eov\i}pos, Md/cep, ot j dSeXcpoi ('brethren' in a religious sense) ev£d/j.evoi) or Qebs ]]Sleyas
"T^kttos (G. Mendel in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1903 xxvii. 333 no. 49 = 0. M. Robinson
loc. cit. p. 304 no. 26 with fig. on a marble altar pierced to serve as base for a post at

Emrile near ChalabdeQew ~MeydX[q>] \ 'T\pLarcp evxv[s] | x&[pLV dve]8r}\Ke____[X]os | fxerd [tt}s

7i/]fat|[/c]6s 'Pov[<fi]ei[vrfs]).

(26) Pontos. J. G. C Anderson—F. Cumont—H. Gregoire Recueil des hiscriptions
grecques et latines du Pont et de PArmenie (Studia Poutica iii) Bruxelles ii no. 284
Sebastopolis (cited by F. Cumont in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. ix. 448).

(27) Bosporos Kimmerios. Gorgippia {Anapa) (B. Latyschev Inscriptions antiquae
Orae Septentrionalis P071H Euxini Graecae et latinae Petropoli 1890 ii. 208 ff. no. 400,
1 ff. (manumission of a slave) GecDt'Ti/a'crTut iravTo^pdropi evXoyrjru, /3a aiXevovTos j3a<nXe\cos
[floXe/xawos] (piXo\yep/j.a.[vi]Kov /cat <pLXoirdT\pi5os, Zrovs tjXt (338 of the Bosporan era
= 41 A.d.), pLT)\vbs Aeiov, Hbdos *Lt\\po\t wvos dvedrjKev <ev\> \rrjt [itpoa^evxv1 KaT' eL'X['')] v
dpeTTTTfv eavTov, rj ovo fxa Xpuca, £<p' a) rj dveiva\<pos /cat dveirr]peaffTo[s~\ \ dirb iravrbs KXrjpo-

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