Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,2): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Appendixes and index (Cambridge, 1925)

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Appendix B

temple which, since it first appears on coins of Pius, is doubtless the temple of Zeus
Hypsistos built by Hadrian [E. N. Adler—M. Seligsohn ' Une nouvelle chronique
samaritaine' in the Revue des etudes juives 1902 xlv. 82 'le roi Hadrien vint a. Sichem et
fit du bien aux Samaritains ; il fit construire pour lui un grand temple pres du mont
Garizim et le nomma Temple de Saphis...Le roi Hadrien prit les battants d'airain qui
avaient ete mis a la porte du temple de Salomon, fils de David, et les placa a la porte du
temple de Saphis,' ib. p. 233 'les battants d'airain que les gens de 1'empereur Hadrien
avaient enleves du temple des Juifs a Jerusalem et places dans le temple construit sur
l'ordre d'Hadrien dans l'endroit choisi, le Mont Garizim.. .les battants d'airain enleves par
Hadrien au temple juif et places par lui au temple qu'il a construit au pied du Mont
Garizim.' Cp. the parallel passages in E. Vilmar Abulfathi annates Samaritani Gothae
1865 and T. G. J. Juynboll Chrouicon Samaritanum, Arabice conscriptum, cut titulus est
Liber Josuae Lugduni Batavorum 1848 cap. 47 p. 188. But the chroniclers' description
can hardly refer to a temple on the mountain-^. And C. Clermont-Ganneau in the
Journal des Savants Nouvelle Serie 1904 ii. 40 f., in view of the variants saqaras lib. Jos.,
sapis, stpas Abu'l Fath, sapis chron. Adler, concludes that the god established by Hadrian
was Iupiter Sarapis. This is certainly better than Iupiter Sospes the conjecture of E. N.
Adler—M. Seligsohn loc. cit. p. 82 n. 2 or Caesaris the suggestion of T. G. J. Juynboll
op. cit. p. 334 f.]. Behind it is a small erection which may be an external altar. On the other
(right-hand) peak is a construction which seems again to be rather an altar than a small
temple. Since the mountain is doubtless supposed to be seen from the town, i.e. from the
north, this smaller peak must lie to the west of the larger. We may perhaps identify it
with the spur west of the main summit on which are the ruins known as Khurbet Lozeh
or Luzah, where is still the Samaritans' sacrificing place. The 300 steps by which, in the
time of the Bordeaux Pilgrim (a.d. 333), one ascended to the summit [Palestine Pilgrims''
Text Society: Itinerary from Bordeaux to Jerusalem trans. A. Stewart annot. Sir C. W.
Wilson London 1887 p. 18], are indicated on the coins, with chapels at intervals, as on
many another sacro monte; but no trace of them has been recorded as surviving to the
present day. Along the foot of the mountain was a long colonnade ; an opening gave
access to the foot of the stair and to the road, perhaps for wheeled traffic, which wound
up the hill between the two peaks, branching about half-way up.' Prokop. de aed. 5. 7. 2
states that the Samaritans worshipped the actual mountain-top, but denies that they had
ever built a temple on it (tovto Se to opos /car' dpxds fiev ol Sa/xa/oetTai el^oi'" <bs eu£6/j.evoi
re avefiaivov es rrjv tov opovs i)Trep(3o\rjv, ovSeva dvLivres Kcapdv ' ou% on veibv riva evravda
ipKodofirjaavTO iruoiroTe, dWd ttjv anpuipeiav avrrjv vefibixevoi iredrjireaau tt6.vtwv p,a\io~Ta).
He goes on to say (ib. 5. 7. 7) that Zenon, emperor of the East, expelled the Samaritans
from the mountain, handed it over to the Christians, and built on the summit a church
dedicated to the Virgin (rrj deoroKip) with a wall, or rather a fence, about it. The Chronicon
Paschale 327 b (i. 604 Dindorf) for the year 484 a.d. remarks 6 Se ftao-iKeus Txrivuv evdius
eiro'n]<Ji rrjv ffvvayuyriv olvtuv tt)v odaav eh to Ka\o{>p.evov TapyapiSTjv euKTrjpiov qikov p,eyav
rrjs 8e<rirolvris rip.Cov ttjs BeordKOv /ecu aenrapdevov Ma/Jtcts=Io. Malal. chron. 15 p. 382 f.
Dindorf. For an account of the ruins still traceable on the mountain see Sir C. W. Wilson
' Ebal and Gerizim, 1866 ' in Palestine Exploration Fund: Quarterly Statement for i8yj
pp. 66—71 with plan, and for modern celebrations on the site J. A. Montgomery The'
Samaritans Philadelphia 1907 p. 34 ff. with photographic view (ib. pp. 322—346 Samaritan
bibliography). I. Benzinger in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. vii. 767 comments : ' Der Berg
verdankt den heiligen Charakter seiner kosmischen Bedeutung : Ebal und G. zusammen
sind fiir Palastina der doppelgipfelige Weltberg, der Gottesberg mit dem Pass dazwischen '
—a dogmatic statement of a possible (cp. supra p. 422 ff.), but by no means proven,
hypothesis.

(32) Ioudaia. The Hebrew Godhead in the later books of the Old Testament, in the
Apokrypha, and in the New Testament is often styled (6) "T^lutos, sometimes (6) Geo?
(6) "Ti/aoTos or KvpLos (6) "Tfurros (details and statistics by E. Schiirer in the Sitzungsber.
d. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin 1897 p. 214^). Cp. Philon in Flaccum 7 6 roO 'Tipiarov Qeov
vedis, leg. ad Gaium 23 a.irapxriv TV '^'A'cra; Qeco, 40 dvalas ivreXeh oXokolvtovs 'T\J/i<TTip