Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,2): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Appendixes and index (Cambridge, 1925)

890

Appendix B

their milieu on occasion provided a congenial soil for the growth of the Christian
church. Indeed, it is sometimes difficult to decide whether a given dedication
to the Thebs Hypsistoswas the work of a Jew or of a Jewish Christian (Phrygia).
After all, Hypsistos was a title that any honest man could use with a clear
conscience1.

Zeus appears as a mountain-god in connexion with the following localities:
Lakonike

Mount Taleton, a peak of Mount Taygeton2.
The Akropolis at Sparta3.
Cape Malea4.
Cape Tainaros (?)5.
Messene

Mount Ithome6.

1 For ii\piaTos as applied to Zeus by the Greek poets see Bruchmann Epith. deor.
p. 142.

2 A broken stele of white marble, now at Sparta (M. N. Tod and A. J. B. Wace
A Catalogue of the Sparta Museum Oxford 1906 p. 43 f. no. 222), mentions Zeus TaXern-as
along with Auxesia and Damoia (J. de Prott Leges Graecorum sacrae Lipsiae 1896 Fasti
sacri p. 35 f. no. 14, 1 f. = Laser. Gr. Arc. Lac. Mess, i no. 363, 1 f. cited supra i. 730
n. 6). The god derived his title from Mt Taleton [supra i. 155 f. pi. xiv), on which horses
were sacrificed to Helios (Paus. 3. 20. 4 &Kpa de tov Taiiyirov TaXerof vwep Bpvcrewv dvexet.
TavTTjv HXlov KaKovcnv iepdv, /cat dX\a re avrodi 'H\tw dvovai /ecu 'lititovs * to de avrb /cat
Hlpaas olda Qveiv vofxi^ovras. Supra i. 180 n. 5): cp. the Cretan sun-god Talos (supra i.
719 ff.). The goddesses, Peloponnesian equivalents of Demeter and Kore, were worshipped
at the foot of the mountain in Bryseai (Kalybia Sockiotika), where traces of an Eleusinion
have come to light (H. von Prott in the Ath. Mitth. 1904 xxix. 8. Id. ib. p. 7 holds that
Taleton was not the very summit of Taygeton, but a lower and more accessible crest).

3 Zeus "Tttcitos {supra p. 875 n. 1 no. (4)).

4 Zeus MaXetatos (Steph. Byz. s.v. MaX<?a • ... /ecu ct7ro rod MdXeta MaXetatos Zeus).

5 Tainaros, who founded the Taenarian temple of Poseidon, was the son of Zeus
(Steph. Byz. s.v. Taivapos). Supra i. 156.

6 Zeus'Ipw^dras had a cult, but no actual temple (D. Fimmen in Pauly—Wissowa Real-
Euc. ix. 23o6quoting Oikonomakis Td aw^6/J.eva'ldup.7]S, MecrcrT^s 1879 P- i4f-)>on the top
of Mt Ithome, where he had been brought up by the nymphs Ithome and Neda (Thouk.
1. 103, Paus. 4. 3. 9, 4. 12. 7 ff., 4. 27. 6, 4. 33. if). Water was carried daily from the spring
Klepsydra to his sanctuary (Paus. 4. 33. 1). The statue of him made by Hageladas for
the Messenians of Naupaktos was kept in the house of a priest annually chosen (Paus. 4.
33. 2 cited supra p. 741 n. 4): its type is reflected on coins of Messene (supra p. 741 f.
%s- 673, 674). At Messene (M. N. Tod in the Journ. Hell. Stud. 1905 xxv. 53 b no. 11,
1 {. = Luscr. Gr. Arc. Lac. Mess, i no. 1399, iff. reixioecricrct wap dy\abv \ ipbv 'Idihfxyjs
Me<r\crrivr)) in s. i—ii a.d. the priest of Zeus 'lOu/idras was eponymous magistrate (Inscr.
Gr. Arc. Lac. Mess, i no. 1468, 4 ff. iiri lepeos rod \ Atos toO 'ldw\p.a.Tov 'A7reX|Xtw;/os rod
•iHjXtTToii, cp. id. no. 1467, 1 and no. 1469, 1). The yearly festival (ib. nos. 1467—1469
record as its officials aywvoderrjs, iepodvTai, ypafxpLarevs, xaXet5oc/)6/30s ( = aKparo(popos, cp.
XaXts, 'pure wine')) was called 'Idw/xaXa (Paus. 4. 33. 2), 'Wuifxaia or 'Idw/xah (Steph. Byz.
s.v. 'Idw/ur) -... Kai Zeus Tc^w/xctras, /cai ioprr] 'Idu/xaia Kai 'Idcofj,ais). It dates back to the
time of Eumelos (s. viii b.c.), and originally involved a musical competition (Paus. 4. 33. 2
dyovcri de Kai eoprr/v eirereiov 'Idufioua- to de apxcuov Kai dyQva erideaav /jt,ov<TiKrjs. reKfj-ai-
peadai 5' 'iariv ctXXots re Kai Ei^Xou tois Zireaiv eiroiricre yovv Kai rdSe ev tw wpocrod'nt}
rif is Arj\oi> (Eumel. frag. 13 Kinkel, cp. Paus. 4. 4. r, 5. 19. 10)■ 'tcj 70,^ Tc^w/xdra
Karadvfjuos eVXero MoZcra | d Ka9apa<v Kidapiv (ins. T. Bergk ; but see H. W. Smyth
ad loc.) > /cat iXel/depa adjxjiaK' e'xotcra.' ovkovv TroiyjaaL fxoi 5o/cet rd eirr] Kai ^oucrt/c^s dywva
ewLffrd/xevos ridevTas). A tradition of human sacrifice (Nilsson Gr. Feste p. 32) attached