Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,2): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Appendixes and index (Cambridge, 1925)

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 893

Phalakron(P)1.
Mount Kokkygion2.

p.ev Sia, tovto ivravda' rpeis Si b(f>6a\p.ovs 'ixeLV TipSe dv tls TeKp.aipot.To aiiTov. Aia yap
iv ovpavip j3aai\e)jeiv, ovtos fxev \6yos koivos irdvTwv iariv dvOpibwiov. Sv bi (Lpxeiv (paulv
inrb yrjs, io~Tiv iiros twv 'Ofxrjpov (II. 9. 457) Aia ovo/xd^ov Kai tovtov ' Zet5s re KaTaxObvios
Kai eiraivr) Uepcrefioveia.' AtVxi'Xos Si 6 Evcpopiiovos (frag. 436 b Dindorf, who cp. Prokl.
in Plat. Crat. 148 p. 83, 28 f. Pasquali 6 bi Sevrepos SvabiK&s KaKeirai Zeus eVdXios Kal
YloaeibQiv) KaXec Ai'a Kai tov iv daXdaarj. rpurlv ovv opQvra iiroirjaev b(pda\fxois dons Srj r)v
6 iroirjcras, are ev rais rpial rais \eyop.ivais \f)^eaiv apxovra tov aiiTov tovtov 6ebv. This
remarkable figure is mentioned also in schol. Eur. Fro. 16 tov bi epKeiov Aia aXXot ioTopiKol
av ay pdcbova iv iSiav Tiva o~x^o~iv irepi avTOv iaropovvTes, Tpialv b(f>6d\p.ols ainbv KexpTjoOai
(paaiv, lis oi Trepi'Ayiav (frag. 3 (Frag. hist. Gr. iv. 292 f. Muller)) Kai AepKvXov (frag. 1
(Frag. hist. Gr. iv. 386 Muller)). I formerly accepted Pausanias' explanation of the three
eyes (Class. Rev. 1903 xvii. 174 f., 1904 xviii. 75 f., 325), but later came to the conclusion
that it was merely a sophisticated attempt to account for a very primitive feature, plurality
of eyes implying superhuman powers of sight and three being a typical plurality (Folk-lore
1904 xv. 282 ff., 1905 xvi. 275 f.). Excavations in the large court of the Venetian castle
on the Larisa have brought to light the tufa foundations (11*70™ broad) of a building
orientated towards the east. On the rock were sherds of geometric ware, and 14111 east of
the building was a fifth-century inscription mentioning the 'TXXeTs (W. Vollgraff in the
Bull. Corr. Hell. 1904 xxviii. 429 no. 11). On the lower terrace of the Larisa, to the
east, are the ruined foundations of a second building. These two may well be the temples
of Zeus Aapicratos and of Athena respectively (id. ib. 1907 xxxi. 149). Steph. Byz. s.v.
Adpiacra- ...Kai r) aKpbiro\is tov "Apyovs AdpLacra. Kal 6 ttoXi'ttis Aapiacraws Kai Aapiacrevs
Zeis.

1 Zeus $a\aKpos (supra p. 875 n. 2).

2 There was a sanctuary of Zeus on the top of Mt Kokkygion (Paus. 2. 36. 2 tepd Si
Kai is ToSe eVi aKpiav tu>v bpCov, iirl p.ev tQ> ^KoKKvyiip Ac6s, ev Si Tip Upwvi £o~tiv "Hpas),
where Zeus had become a cuckoo in order to woo Hera (schol. vet. Theokr. 15. 64
'AptaTOTeXrjs Si ev Tip irepi t&v ''Epp.iovrjs iepwv (frag. 287 (Frag. hist. Gr. ii. 190 f. Muller)
= Aristokles frag. (ib. iv. 330 f. Muller): but Grashofs cj.' Apio-TOKkr)s (cp. Ail. de nat. an.
11. 4) for 'ApLtTTOTe\r]s codd. is far from certain) tcSiwrepws iaTopel irepi tov Aios Kai [tov
tt)s (om. Wilamowitz)] "Hpas ydp.ov. tov yap Aia p.vdo\oyeiTai imfiovKeveiv ttj "Hpa
ixiyrjvaL, ore avTrjv 1801 xwPLcr^e^0'av °-lro T&v aXXwy 9eQ>v. j3ov\6p.evos bi d<pavr]s yeviodai
Kal /XT) 6(pdr)vai 1)77' avTrjs Trjv oipiv LieTafidWei eis KOKKvya Kai KadifeTai els opos, 8 rrpuoTov
p.iv 0p<W£ (Hemsterhuys cj. Q6pva£ (cp. Paus. 2. 36. 1)) eVaXeiro, vvv Si Kokkv^. tov de
Aia xeittcDj/a deivbv Troi^cat Trj rj/uepa eKeivrj- rrjv de'Hpav Tropevop.ivr)v p.6v7jv afpiKeadai irpbs
to opos Kal Kade^ecrdai els avro, birov vvv eo~Tiv iepbv "Hpas TeXei'as. tov be KOKKvya ibbvTa
KaTaireTaffdrjvai Kal Kadeadrjvai eVi ra ybvaTa avTrjs irecppiKOTa Kal piyCovTa virb tov xetttwvos.
tt]v be "Hpav ibovcrav avrov oiKTeipai Kal TrepifiaXeiv Trj dpLirexbvu. Tbv be Ala evdeios p.eTa-
(3a\eiv T7]v bipiv Kal eirikafie'o-dai tt)s "Hpas. tt)s be tt]v p.l^iv vapanovp.evris bid tt/v p.rjTepa,
axiTOV viroo-x£a®aL ywal/co avTTjv Troir)o~ao~9ai. Kai Trap' 'Apyeiois Si, ot p,eyio~Ta (oi fxeyiffTOL
codd. Hemsterhuys cj. ol fxeyiaTov vel pi.d\icrTa. Ahrens cj. oE neyiaTa) t&v ''EXKrjvwv
Tip.G>o~l Trjv 6eov, to [be (om. Hemsterhuys)] ayaX/ia ttjs "Hpas iv Tip vaip Kadr)/xevov iv [rip
(om. Wendel)] dpbvip ttj %etpi e%€i o~k7]tttpov. Kai irr' avrip Tip a■/ctjtttpip kokkv^ = Eudok.
viol. 41411, cp. Paus. 2. 17. 4, 2. 36. 1). For the chryselephantine statue by Polykleitos
see Overbeck Schriftquellen p. 166 f. nos. 932—939, id. Gr. Plastik4, i. 509—511, Collignon
Hist, de la Sculpt, gr. i. 509—512, 516, C. Waldstein (Sir C. Walston) 'The Argive Hera
of Polycleitus' in the Journ. Hell. Stud. 1901 xxi. 30—44 with pis. 2, 3, A. B. Cook
' Nephelokokkygta' in Essays and Studies presented to William Ridgeway Cambridge 1913
pp. 213—22 r with pi. Cp. supra i. 532. The old name of the mountain, Qopva^ or
0p<W£, is said to have meant 'foot-stool' (Hesych. s.v. dbpva£) and perhaps implies an
ancient throne-cult (supra i. 134 f.). On Mt Thornax in Lakonike was a statue of Apollon
QopvaKios (Hesych. s.v. dbpva%, cp. Steph. Byz. s.v. Qbpva£) or Hvdaevs resembling that at