Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,2): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Appendixes and index (Cambridge, 1925)

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Cook, Arthur B.
Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,2): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Appendixes and index — Cambridge, 1925

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Appendix A: Kairos

859

Kairos as a distinct personification first emerges in the middle of s. V B.C., … Menandros ' spoke of him as a god3,' and Lysippos ' enrolled him among the … 5 The fullest list is given by Lamer in his admirable article in Pauly—Wissowa Real- … 8 These may of course have been a later addition ; but similar wings are attached to

860

rite1. The resultant figure took the popular fancy, and moralists soon2 discovered … when Eros and Psyche were prime favourites6, added wings on the shoulders … 4 So P. Persson in the Zeitschrift fur vergleichende Sprachforschung 1895 xxxiii. 288 … and heels, runs towards the right. His right foot rests on a ball. His right hand carries … {c') Convex onyx from the Blacas collection. ' Kairos, bald on back of head, bearded, … 7 Kallistrat. eKfpp&creis 6. 1—4 (' On the statue of Kairos at Sikyon') states that the

861

Nemesis1. But the most remarkable innovation of the period remains to be … headed god hastening along with a sickle-knife in his hand4. Thus we reach the … 2 C. A. Lobeck in his ed. of Soph. At. Lipsiae 1835 p. 85 n.*. … 5 We are almost reminded of Zagreus the shape-shifter, who appeared now as a … ii. 4 ff. no. 11 with pi., E. Curtius ' Die Darstellungen des Kairos' in the Arch. Zeit. 1875

862

the scales on the edge of a razor and depressing one pan with his finger1. The … The recognition of Kairos on Italian soil was attended by a certain gram- … 1898 n. ; and for a fragmentary relief of the same type at Athens, E. Curtius loc. cit. 1875 … 3 Furtwangler Geschnitt. Steine Berlin p. 273 no. 7358 pi. 55, E. Curtius in the Arch. … letter to me (Aug. 30, 1917) says: 'The absolute use of pendere is certainly possible

863

Pheidias (!). Metanoia is comfortably Latinised as Paenitentia. But the god … A limestone relief (height on left o-40m, breadth at bottom o"27m) of s. iii or iv from … Dalton Byzantine Art and Archaeology Oxford 1911 p. 158 with fig. 65 ( = my fig. 801). … A relief from Thasos, now at Constantinople, has two niches side by side. In the one

864

Having rung the changes from youth to eld and from male to female, this … informs us that, when Alexander had let slip an opportunity, Lysippos of Sikyon … Tzetzes further spends a score of lines on insisting that this was Chronos, not, … P. Perdrizet loc. cit. p. 267 suggested the Nemesis of Alexandreia and the Nemeseis of … 3 See A. Frickenhaus in the Jahrb. d. kais. deutseh. arch. Inst. 1915 xxx. 127.

865

that some copy of Lysippos' runner, mounted on a ball, had been amplified by … though holding out hopes of return. The poem is well illustrated by a frag- … There is a line lost from the second of the two stanzas, which were clearly meant to … Dalton Byzantine Art and Archaeology Oxford 1911 p. 158 f. fig. 9r, Reinach Re"p. Reliefs

866

the Duomo at Torcello near Venice. The relief, which may be dated c. 1100 A.D., … from a photograph (A. Munoz in I?Arte 1906 ix. 214 f. fig. 2). The completed design is

867

Yet another turn of the kaleidoscope, and this shifting personality puts on, … as a good thing eagerly pursued by mankind, is now, within the pale of the … looking behind him in terror does his best to escape, under the escort of a woman … seize the monk, who stands irresolute, hesitating whether or not to abandon for … Another MS. of Philes (cod. Paris.) has the lemma eis rbv j3iov fxeipaKiov e'ewyparpr^pevov, … 3 A. Mufioz in ZJ'Arte 1904 vii. 132 with fig. 3 (part of which = my fig. 803). The

868

The scythe of Time1 should, I think, rather be derived from the scythe of Death, … THE MOUNTAIN-CULTS OF ZEUS. … 155 f., 412, 418, 421, cp. 420, Frazer Golden Bough'3 : The Dying God p. 247. … Lit. 1908 pp. 115, 316). The lists given by Welcker Gr. Gotterl. i. 169 ff., Preller— … identical inscriptions on blocks of gritstone formerly used for the lintel of the church-door … The scythe of Time1 should, I think, rather be derived from the scythe of Death, … THE MOUNTAIN-CULTS OF ZEUS. … 155 f., 412, 418, 421, cp. 420, Frazer Golden Bough'3 : The Dying God p. 247. … Lit. 1908 pp. 115, 316). The lists given by Welcker Gr. Gotterl. i. 169 ff., Preller— … identical inscriptions on blocks of gritstone formerly used for the lintel of the church-door

Appendix B: The mountain- cults of Zeus

869

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 869 … of dark limestone at Amathous in Kypros: Kinrp/////////// | IIoXv^vov: Alvidv[os 8v]ydri]p: … anderen Lautwert verbanden'). This is ingenious; but, apart from the fact .that/x-tt for … Zeus Ndtos, a god 'of Streaming Water' {supra i. 369). The head of Zeus on coins of the … at the base of Mt Tmolos, also had a cult of Zeus Kopv<pdios {supra … vaLeis Kopvrpalos eTr' OvXupLiroio Kapr)vuv, Paus. 2. 28. 2 eirl de rrj d/cpa rod opous {sc. of … opous {sc. of Mt Pelion) Kopv<pr)s o-ir-qXalbv eari to Ka\ovp.evov Xeipibviov, Kal Atos 'AKralov

870

opovs rb i/'Oxos etvai. On this passage see supra i. 420 f. The sanctuary of Zeus 'Aktguos … wall nothing remains beyond a small portion of the eastern side. The two precincts are

871

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 871 … supra i. 42 if. In s. ii B.C. the priest of Zeus 'A/cpatos was a personage of importance, who … Atos tov 'AKpaiov). About 100 B.C. the priest of Zeus 'AKpaios was eponymous magistrate … (2) On the Pinclos range between Thessaly and Epeiros there was a sanctuary of Zeus … (4) At Praisos in eastern Crete, where there was a temple of Zeus At/cratos (supra i. … coins of the town (supra i. 660 n. 3) enthroned with sceptre and eagle and accompanied

872

specimen in my collection. Since the coins in question go back to a date c. 400 B.C., this … beside the spring Salmakis (Vitr. 2. 8. ir), probably bore the title 'A/cpata, since the … the Class. Rev. 1903 xvii. 415 f. that Zeus 'Acr/cpatos, to whom the Lydians brought their … of the Aryan Peoples trans. F. B. Jevons London 1890 p. 226, Prellwitz Etyni. Worterb. … Pius is from a specimen in my collection). It is of course possible that 'A/cpatos was a

873

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 873 … loc. cit., but also in Plout. loc. cit. Both passages were emended in the same manner 224 … (8) At Smyrna Ulpius Traianus, father of the emperor Trajan, brought an aqueduct … Fig. 8f2 is from a specimen of mine), or seated figure holding Nike and sceptre, some- … (9) At Temnos in Aiolis, on a hill above the Hermos, ^aw'-autonomous coppers of … (n) At Akrai (Palazzolo) in Sicily the Museum of Baron Judica had a base inscribed

874

'of the Crest1.' These titles, and perhaps certain others2, proclaim him to be a … Maybaum Der Zeuskult in Boeotien Doberan 1901 p. 6 draws attention to the proper … refers more probably to the Carian Zeus {supra p. 577), cp. the Boeotian name Kapiuv … k.t.X.). Farnell Cults of Gk. States i. 56, 71 takes KXdptos to mean 'he who sanctified … icpearios (O. Heifer in Roscher Lex. Myth. ii. 1212). But F. Solmsen in the Rhein. Mus. … Zeus KXdptos of Eustath. in Dionys. per. 444 \eyerai be Kal Atos KXaptou ixavTetov elvai … in Philologus 1854 ix. 392 f. no. 15, F. Hiller von Gaertringen in the Ath. Mitth. 1906

875

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 875 … ev KvTrpop TeTi/jLrjadov;) was a mountain-god. This is probable enough, for the summit of … dyaXp-a). The mountain, now called Sagmatds, rises to a height of 749111 : ' it is bold and … (3) The tetrapolis of Marathon sacrificed to him in Gamelion (R. B. Richardson in

876

Hyftsistos 'the Most High1,' there is reason to suspect that the epithet had … the Gaz. Arch. 1887 xii. 224 argues that Zeus on Mt Sipylos was invoked under the name … dypeTov rfXaaev vdwp. But virtxTos is a commonish epithet of Zeus in the poets (Bruchmann … under deep obligation to their labours, as the following list will show.

877

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 877 … "f\pi<7Tos (ib. no. 237 ......a deu'TipL[(XTu]\[e']ux'ri1' with relief of part of a shoulder) or more

878

west of the Propjrlaia, has PXaO/cos, | 1pv<paiva, | Aewj^ | ['Tji/'toTw j [et'X'V] for£/a | [rwy … that -the nameless Zeus was 'ohne Zweifel ein...Zenoposeidon,' or in conjecturing with … (4) At Argos Smyrna, the wife of Maenius Apollonius and apparently priestess of … (5) At Olympia Zeus "Tficrros had a couple of altars on the way to the Hippodrome … (7) At Hephaistia in Lemnos is a round altar of white marble inscribed in lettering of … in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1895 xix. 110 M. AeK/cetXto[s] | Ma/cXas 0eu)[t] | 'T^t'oTwt xajptcr- … (ir) Moesia. An altar of reddish limestone, found among Roman remains between

879

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 879 … Domaszewski in the Arch.-ep. Mitth. 1886 x. 238 f. no. 2). … (15) Kypros. Dedications to the Geos"Ti/'i<7Tos have come to light at Hagios Tychon … fragmentary tablets of larger size with remains of painting or drawing, e.g. horse), and … (16) Pisidia. At Oinoanda is a dedication built into the wall near the town-gate … ported a votive foot (commemorating a visitation or epiphany of the god), is inscribed … rather doubtfully take the name of the dedicator to be ' Hephaistotychos.' F. Cumont … (17) Karia. Zeus"T\piaros had cults in Iasos (B. Haussoullier in the Bull. Corr. Hell. … into the same Byzantine church OvXttiov Jidpirov, \ tov itpo(pr\Tt)v tov \ ayibiTaTov Qeov \ … in the form of an altar, with a horse (supra i. 20) advancing below, Ad 'T^iaTu Kal

880

iravTwv, xo.pL<Tr[r)]\piov, A. Hauvette-Besnault—M. Dubois in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1881 … (18) Kos. W. R. Paton—E. L. Hicks The Inscriptions of Cos Oxford 1891 p. 116 … (19) Delos. Two votive inscriptions, the one certainly, the other probably, from … two Jewish maidens named Marthine and Heraklea respectively (the names recur in the … 816 says : ' Exspectes lva fyTriaris to ai/xa to ava'iTiov Kal rySi/c^cr^s ttjv TaxLo~t7]v. The

Plate 39

Marble from Panormos near Kyzikos, now in the British Museum,

881

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 881 … Aiolis' in the Denkschr. d. Akad. Wien 1910 ii Abh. p. 27 no. 39 on a stele with gabled … hours east of Theira (A. M. Fontrier in the Movaeiov Kal ~Bi/3\iodr]K7i ttjs HHuayyeXiKTjs … (21) Mysia. At Kyzikos a small cubical base of pink St Simeon marble, found near

882

of six men, who recline on cushions placed upon a long mattress. On the right a cup- … the name-giver (of the thiasos), duly presented the relief to Zeus Most High and to the … Smith, and Cumont locc. citt. thought x^PV a blunder for x°PV (to which not one of them … avedrjKa, epwfxtvT] p-era tov \ [oveipov(?)---] | [-----] (the last two lines covered with … pieydXov kiv5\{ivov fxera twv idlwv. \ velKTjs evxaPl<TTVPL0>' I dvadeivai (the last two lines are … Kopv < l > 7]\ios I 2e/co0f<5os x€L\PLaa@£pTes & ! ireXdyei Gey 'T\ipiaT(p xPVtTTVPL\0V (the last … Aa/ctas Ko[Xwvelas \ 7ieppufey[e]\dovo-t]s, evxrjlyl \ dvedrjuev), and one of these by adding the … (Seidi Ghazi) (W. M. Ramsay in the Joum. Hell. Stud. 1884 v. 258 n. 2 no. 9 on a small

883

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 883 … 'NiKo[fia(?)]xov [• •] I [£tou]s tXtj' ( = 253/4A.D.)' Ai)p. 'I&crwv Qetp \ 'Tif/iaru ex>xvv)- The … (iwfj.bv dve<XTTftjev \ BevveiacnjvCbv. W. M. Ramsay The Historical Geography of Asia Minor … in the Rhein. Mus. 1882 xxxvii. 385 f. no. 22), and Thraco-Illyrian word benna (Steph. … (25) Paphlagonia. Inscriptions from the district of Sinope record the cult of the Qebs … 1 ff. (manumission of a slave) GecDt'Ti/a'crTut iravTo^pdropi evXoyrjru, /3a aiXevovTos j3a<nXe\cos

884

tiones Graecae ad res Romanas pertinentes Paris 1911 i. 299 no. 911 (manumission of a … i.e. the name of the god inserted twice in a list of his worshippers). … (3a[ai.Xiws Ti/3eptou]|[T]ouXtou 'Poi/xi]Ta\Ko[v (sc. Tib. Iulius Rhoemetalces, king of Bosporos … no. 449, 1 ff. = no. 918, 1 ff. (with incised decoration of two eagles and a wreath between … j3aai.XevovT[o]s j3aai.Xi[ws Tipeplov] \ ['I]ov\lov [K6]tuos (sc. Tib. Iulius Cotys, king of Bos- … arpdrov Kai KaXXi\y[iv]rjv Mv[p]iovos, 'AXe^iccva IlarpoKXov, k.t.X. (list of names), 17 tov … Latyshev, E. Schiirer, E. H. Minns, and others. L. Stephani in the Compte-rendu St.

885

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 885 … diatjiTaL, dt.ecreiTaL, crvvodeiTcu). These members were either of recent introduction … vitTKapxvs, ypap-fxarev's (omissions and transpositions occur). Their aims included the cult … ptot rots Tcnreivots ovofxa, /cat 6 Ilafro/cpdrwp Srj fxbvos avrols cref3do~/j.ios). Gregory of Nyssa … Inscriptions se'mitiques Paris 1868 p. 74 no. 123a iii with translation of the Palmyrene … altar in the Mohammedan cemetery Att 'Ti/'tcrry /cat 'E7T7j/c;6(p rbv fSufibv dvedt]\Kev 'louXios … p. 68 no. 101, who reads e!)xapto-r[u)]j[s---] and renders the Palmyrene text 'Que soit … of)s [ej/c \ravT~\rjs [rrjs %a>pas] | [---] /car' £ros r[e djyadfj i]fj.epa 5td 7r[a]fr6s e[---] [

886

20 on a cippus built into the eastern wall of the small court in front of the ' Fahnen- … Palmyra on the road to Emesa are three large altars of similar size placed close together; … the Palmyrene text 'La ville (de Thadmor) a eleve (cet autel) a celui dont le nom est … dr/picov TeKevrijaas d(ptepd)dr;, y x°^s KaL dvalas ot 7rat5es £re\eo~av. Here 'EXtoOc is but the … Adonis und Esmun Leipzig 1911 p. 76 supposes a blend of Adonis (killed by the boar) … At Sahin, five hours from Antarados (Tortosa, Tartu's), is the dedication [6e]d> 'Tfio-Tui … At Abidat above the door of the church of Mar-Eusebios is a block inscribed dyad-qi

887

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 887 … (31) Samaria. On Mt Argarizon (Gerizim) near Neapolis (Nabhls) was a sanctuary of … 27. 12 with Gen. 12. 6f.: Jehovah, from the heathen point of view, was 'a god of the … Hyrkanos i in 129 B.C. (Ioseph. ant. Iud. 13. 9. 1). But the mountain remained the … flanked by a star (sun?) on the left and a crescent (moon) on the right (ib. p. 71 no. 153 f.

888

temple which, since it first appears on coins of Pius, is doubtless the temple of Zeus … Garizim.' Cp. the parallel passages in E. Vilmar Abulfathi annates Samaritani Gothae … He goes on to say (ib. 5. 7. 7) that Zenon, emperor of the East, expelled the Samaritans … Dindorf. For an account of the ruins still traceable on the mountain see Sir C. W. Wilson … —a dogmatic statement of a possible (cp. supra p. 422 ff.), but by no means proven,

889

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 889 … still recognisable by his eagle (Athens, Thyateira, Mytilene, Tanais), the Thebs … 'TxpLarov Beou,' A. Dieterich 'Papyrus magica musei Lugdunensis Batavi' in the Jahrb.f. … in the British Museum London 1893 i. 66 no. 46, 44 ff. Kal 8LaTrjpr\trbv p.e Kal tov Tralba \ … (33) Aigyptos. The Jews of Athribis (Bencha) in Lower Egypt dedicated a house of … ruv cpvXaKLTuv I Kal ol ev 'A6pi(3ei 'IovSa?ot | tt)v Trpoaevxrjv \ Qeut 'Txpiffrui). A woman of … e-Troi-qae rj Kal eirexaP£ tls avrrjs tuj davdru rj eirixo-pel, p-treXdere avTovs. For the raised … twtwe j 0 opLvu arjia \ Lynceus (sc. the name of the horse to be cursed)). Altissimus="YipLcr-

890

their milieu on occasion provided a congenial soil for the growth of the Christian … Zeus appears as a mountain-god in connexion with the following localities: … 1 For ii\piaTos as applied to Zeus by the Greek poets see Bruchmann Epith. deor. … n. 6). The god derived his title from Mt Taleton [supra i. 155 f. pi. xiv), on which horses … Hlpaas olda Qveiv vofxi^ovras. Supra i. 180 n. 5): cp. the Cretan sun-god Talos (supra i. … 5 Tainaros, who founded the Taenarian temple of Poseidon, was the son of Zeus … Euc. ix. 23o6quoting Oikonomakis Td aw^6/J.eva'ldup.7]S, MecrcrT^s 1879 P- i4f-)>on the top … s.v. 'Idw/ur) -... Kai Zeus Tc^w/xctras, /cai ioprr] 'Idu/xaia Kai 'Idcofj,ais). It dates back to the … ewLffrd/xevos ridevTas). A tradition of human sacrifice (Nilsson Gr. Feste p. 32) attached

891

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 891 … 300 persons, including Theopompos king of Sparta, as an offering to Zeus 'Wufxaras … ffv/jLtpopals). Philippos v of Makedonia (in 214 B.C.?) sacrificed to Zeus on Mt Ithome, … Wide Lakon. Kulte p. 22 infers a tree-cult of Zeus T#co/xdras at Leuktron or Leuktra … Tip-ds. He justly cp. the figure of Dionysos found in a plane-tree broken by the wind at … Festivals Edinburgh and London 1910 p. i7of. writes : 'According to the popular legend,

892

The Larisa at Argos5. … 4 Apesas (Phoukd) is a mountain which rises north of Nemea to a height of 873™. It … 'Airecras (p-qai ' kovx wS' ' Apeiwv ra 'Aireaavri trap Alt | 'idvaev ' Apneas ittttos '). On the other … H. Usener Die Sintjluthsagen Bonn 1899 PP- 65 ff-, 233 (cp. id. in the Rhein. Mus. 1901 … Imperial coppers of Kleonai represent Mt Apesas as a rock surmounted by an altar with … Comm. Paus. i. 33 f. Septimius Severus, Iulia Domna, Geta). Traces of the altar of Zeus … 5 Zeus AapiuctZos had a roofless naos with a wooden statue on the top of the Larisa at

893

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 893 … (Frag. hist. Gr. iv. 386 Muller)). I formerly accepted Pausanias' explanation of the three … 2 There was a sanctuary of Zeus on the top of Mt Kokkygion (Paus. 2. 36. 2 tepd Si … viol. 41411, cp. Paus. 2. 17. 4, 2. 36. 1). For the chryselephantine statue by Polykleitos

894

The mountain of Zeus Panhelldnios*. … 3 The highest peak in Aigina (53im), a landmark for many miles around, is known … Kadi^rjTai, los ra noWa vdup yiverai). Tradition said that during a great drought the … Pind. Nem. 5. 17, Eudok. viol. 13). Accordingly this came to be called the sanctuary of

895

The Mountain-cults of Zeus … Pelop. i no. 6 KwXtdcicus 'A/3\lojv eiro'nqcre ' AXrlWov), perhaps the base of some offering to … 1 Paus. 1. 44. 9 iirl 8e tou opovs rfj aKpa (above the Scironian Rocks) Aios eariv … 1836 pp. 4, 17 would read KO/ulcravTa Se<&eTov (sic) ttjv x^^W >d(pelvat on the strength … ingenious; for rjfpiei... dcpeOevra... used in Paus. 1. 44. 8 of Skiron and … the passage as it stands.

896

o'i3m deep and beside it a base about o-50m high. The largest chamber of all (ti) was … further D. Philios in the 'E<p. 'Apx- 1890 pp. 35 ff. (with careful plans and illustrations: … ir. 1889 p. 26, W. Doerpfeld in the Ath. Mitth. 1889 xiv. 327, and Frazer Pausanias

897

The Mountain-cults of Zeus … The Akropolis at Athens2. … pits and rectangular bases (9, 10) betoken a chthonian cult. On this showing the worship … e.g. at Olympia, and the surviving inscriptions [Atos A]c/>ea[toi<] and"Hpw[os] are decidedly … tovto, k.t.X. Cp. Dieuchidas of Megara frag. 1 [Frag. hist. Gr. iv. 388 Muller) ap. Clem. … 3 Zeus "T\piaTos (supra p. 876 f. n. 1 no. (1)). The Siphnian Zeus 'ETrij3rifj.ios probably … 4 Anchesmos is commonly identified with Turkovuni, a range of rocky hills which … ix. 138 f. thinks it very probable that the statue of Zeus 'T^rrtos stood on the small … (Ozea) is at once the highest (1413111) and the most extensive mountain in Attike. C.

898

which the ancients on account of its shape called the Chariot {supra p. 815 f.), but the … 5 Zeus 'EXikwvcos had an altar on Mt Helikon, near the spring Hippokrene, round … iepbv Kidaipwviov eo-Tiv. This sentence is out of place in its context. H. C. Schubart—- … Nominally every sixth year, but really at shorter intervals, the Plataeans held a festival

899

The Mountain-cults of Zeus … the battle of Plataiai (479 B.C.) was bidden by the Delphic oracle to pray to Zeus, Hera … In the traditional singing-match between Kithairon and Helikon (for which see … 1 On Mt Laphystion near Orchomenos was a precinct and stone statue of Zeus … Laphystion has been identified with Granitsa, a steep mountain (896111) of reddish stone … But beyond this point agreement ceases. Was the god named after the mountain, or the … Aa<pv<TTLos was originally a Thessalian god, and we hear of no Mt Laphystion in Thessaly. … attached to the cult of Zeus Aacpvarios, not only in Boiotia, but also in Thessaly (infra … 'AwoWwvos iepov. The unfinished temple of Zeus BacrtXeus is believed to have stood on Mt

900

in the Rhein. Mus. 1887 xlii. 54). A long inscription, of 175—172 B.C., relating to this … the temple was constructed, not by the inhabitants of Lebadeia only, but by the Boeotians … that there was a cult of Zeus on this hill (see Maybaum Der Zeuskult in Boeotien Doberan … Doubtless this column once supported a votive offering in the Theban sanctuary of Zeus … schol. Theokr. 7. 103). The same god was worshipped, not only in Boiotia, but also in … O. Jessen in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Fnc. viii. 2263 f. remarks that the name of the month

901

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 901 … Eretria also ; for a fragmentary slab discovered close to the western gate of Eretria is in- … 1 The AkrSpolis of Chaironeia was a sharp rocky summit named Petrachos (Plout. … 179 f. found traces of Avfcwpeia in sundry Hellenic walls still visible on a height to the … peios Tievs xal AvKwpeiov Sid 5i<fid6yyov), who was presumably worshipped on the peak

902

is seen the long chain of Pindus ; on the E. rises Helicon, with other Boeotian moun- … ciate wolves with the Delphian Apollon), or with Avkos, an ancient name for the god of … 1 Popular etymology derived the name of Mt Oche ("Ox^) from the union (0x17 — oxeia) … KViffKeadai bxevb/J-eva iv ti2 Towip- oi yap 'Axaioi TV Tpo<PVv 0XVv 0ao"i)- The summit of … He offered 100 victims on a pyre of oak, including twelve bulls free from blemish, and put

903

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 903 … a himdtion. Behind him hangs the poisoned robe (?). In front an altar of unworked stones … Vases iii. 300 ff. no. E 494 pi. 16). Both vases may depict the sacrifice on Mt Kenaion … no. 208, 8 f. ['Ep'jeTpiKov | [At]os K-quaiov). Lithada, the modern name of Mt Kenaion, … (Theophr. hist. pi. 9. 10. 2 white hellebore gathered there for the Amphictionic irvKaia, … represented the hero, with club and bow(?), in violent action. Miscellaneous finds com- … (Class. Rev. 1904 xviii. 371, Folk-Lore 1905 xvi. 315), conferred on Maximian the title … in the Rev. Num. 1845 pp. 266—272 pi. 13 f.)]. Lastly, to the north at a higher level was a

904

the accommodation of priests and pilgrims opened into a colonnade (401" long) with octa- … vvv vb^os elaekdbvTO. els to irpvTavelov eva twp Qpiijov airoybvwv dveiv eiprjfxivix} Ad. The … 'E7rt#eTa Aios (68j oo-aaiov) is not necessarily to be taken as the god of Mt Ossa (1950™). … 0 The cult of Zeus on Mt Olympos has been discussed at some length supra i. 100—

Plate 40

See page 905 n. of.

905

The Mountain-cults of Zeus … mountaineering extremely hazardous: for example, in 1911 E. Richter, an engineer of … der Europdischen Tiirkei Berlin 1864, H. F. Tozer Researches in the Highlands of Turkey … from an aeroplane piloted by Lieutenant-Colonel Todd, R.A.F.), D. Baud-Bovy 'The … D. Baud-Bovy loc. cit. concludes : 'Thus, to sum up, the High Olympus is constituted

906

the north, and in the centre the Venizelos peak, the highest of the three. The point of … and a sanctuary on the summit (et. mag. p. 26, 47 f. 'Acajou Atos- Aids lepbv iv &Kpui"A610 … the various monasteries of this "Ayiov "Qpos see the literature cited by E. Oberhummer in … 3 Kassiope, a town and promontory (Ptol. 3. 13. 9 \\aaaL6irrj tto\is km. aKpo.) in the … [1. LJorico 1 Iovi Casio v. s.). A ship built of marble and dedicated by a merchant to … Autonomous bronze coins of Korkyra from 48 b.c. to 138 a.d. often have for reverse

907

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 907 … Pius to Geta (138—222 a.d.) repeat the type with legend Z6VC K AC IOC Antoninus … no. 53, 23 nos. 65, 67, 72, Head Hist, num.2 p. 328). Coins of Korkyra, Lakedaimon, … 2267 and A. Salaci ' ZETS KA2I02' in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1922 xlvi. 160—189) whose … 2 Mt Ainos, the chief mountain of Kephallenia, rises to a height of 1620111 and is … KecpaXijvias, oirov Ahrjcriov Aios iepov ecmv ■ ou p.vrnxovsvtL kui A£ojv iv Ylepiw\u) (Leon of … D. T. Ansted The Ionian Islands in the year 1863 London 1863 p. 345 f. describes

908

nowhere steep. It conducts by a succession of slopes and terraces to the culminating … On the sea-coast at the southern foot of Mt Aitne lay the old town of Katane. And … Accordingly Pindar, in odes composed soon after Hieron's new foundation, dwells on the … The cult at Katane-Aitne is attested by coins of the town, issued from shortly before

909

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 909 … the Hirsch collection at Brussels {supra i. 90f. fig. 62) shows obv. AITNA ION the … with two curled wings. In the field is an eagle perched on a pine-tree (Diod. 14. 42 els … There is, however, no evidence of a Zeus-cult on Aitne earlier than s. v B.C. Hence … 578 ff., Opp. devenat. 1. 273 ff.) ; but Typhon is more properly located in the land of … aquilam commutasse. alii Vulcani et Aetnae filium tradunt, sed etc.]). Another line of

910

tradition or conjecture speaks of Hephaistos, not Zeus, as father of the Palikoi (Silenos … ' Die Akropolis'). On the top of it was a sanctuary of Zeus 'Araj3vpLos resembling that … identified Zeus IloXievs (J. Schubring op. cit. p. 24), whose temple on the highest point … according to another account, he stated that they had flung the original bull into the sea, … 118 (Frag. hist. Gr. i. 222 Midler) ap. schol. Pind. Pyth. 1. 185). Scipio brought the bull … The temple of Zeus 'ATa(3vpios or HoXietJS is in all probability to be sought beneath … the highest part of modern Girgenti (C. Hiilsen loc. cit.). J. Schubring op. cit. p. 24 says … und Sicilien Berlin 1899 i. 139, while agreeing that S. Gerlando marks the site of the … Sicilia Palermo 1836 iii. 86 f. pis. 43, 44 as belonging to the temple of Zeus TLoXievs, but

911

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 911 … XeLweadai). When Theron, making common cause with Gelon, had vanquished the huge … The temple, of which substantial remains still strew the ground, was a Doric pseudo-

913

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 913

914

Inside, the naos (iori6mx 44-oim) is divided into a nave and two side-aisles by means of

Plate 41

The Olympieion at Syracuse.

915

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 915 … nave and aisles were either prolonged to meet the western wall of the temple, in which … C. R. Cockerell (1830) supposed that they stood above the pillars of the nave, supporting … See further C. R. Cockerell in J. Stuart—N. Revett Antiquities of Athens and other … Olimpico in Agrigento' in the Mon. d. Line. 1922 xxviii ('in corso di stampa').

916

Achilles; others, that it was the temple of Zeus 'OXv/xwios and had been accidentally … 5\_q>va---]). Moreover, for some three hundred years the d/xcpLiroXos or priest of Zeus … (ex tribas generibus, on which see E. Ciaceri op. cit. p. 136 n. 1), cast lots for the office … div. inst. 2. 4). The jest is attributed sometimes to Dionysios ii (367—343 B.C.) (Clem.

917

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 917 … quarters in the temple and encamped his forces near by, at a distance of twelve stades … (view of remains visible in 1770 : ' II y avoit alors plusieurs colonnes renversees par terre, … 68, ii pi. 8 (careful ground-plan), P. Orsi' L'Olympieion di Siracusa ' in the Mon. d. Line.

918

Rasche Lex. Num. x. 527); or obv. head of Zeus, laureate, to right, rev. TY N AA PITA N … Coins of Ancient Sicily London 1903 p. 201 f., Head Hist, num."1 p. 190. These coins … on an imperial copper of Nikaia in Bithynia (P. Piovene / Cesari in metallo mezzano e … 3 Mt Kynthos in the centre of Delos is a granitic cone, which rises to a height of

919

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 919 … no. 1302 in the collection of the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies). Adjoining

920

were buried. South of the rocky summit was an enclosure (O) walled in on the north by … T AKop€YoNTaCNlKH f of&Y": … head in Parian marble (Apollon?), the lower half of a sun-dial, several altars large and … Rel. p. 1217 f.), were not the original occupants of the summit. [In ' Minoan ' times it

921

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 921 … ins. iii Suppl. no. 1346 the rock-cut relief of a lion inscribed in s. iii b.c. {supra i. 11 7 n. 1) … to Kvvdiov (e.g. ib. ii no. 199, A 90) does not appear in the extant documents till the very … with a iffTiaropiov or ' banqueting-hall' (ib. ii no. 163, A 34, cp. T. Homolle in the Bull. … burner (id. ib. pp. 2251m. 7—9, 401). Other inscriptions, ranging from 158/7 to the

922

P. Roussel op. cit. p. 227 n. 6). Orientals would naturally regard the mountain-top as … among the worshippers of the Syrian Aphrodite ' Ayvrj (P. Roussel op. cit. pp. 227 n. 8, … [The Delian cult had spread to Paros as early as s. vi B.C. O. Rubensohn in the Ath. … was centuries older than the Athenian protectorate. Not impossibly in Delos as at Athens … 4 Mt Pelinnaion (Hagios Elias), the highest point (1260™) of Chios (Strab. 645, … cod. F.), opos twv ivTavda viprfkbTCLTov, iepbv Atos 'Ara/3upt'of, Lact. div. inst. 1. 22

923

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 923 … bridge 1885 pp. 1, 75, H. F. Tozer The Islands of the Aegean Oxford 1890 p. 220 f. … cit.). On climbing Mt Atabyrion he got a view of Crete, and, in memory of his ancestral … rat eTTLo-roXai). There is also an element of folk-tale, the story of Katreus fated to be slain

924

the Rhodian month Agrianios) resembling that of the Minyan Oleiai and Psoloeis at the … had here inherited the bronze bulls of the Hittite Tesub [supra i. 642 f., ii. 910 n. 1). … (frag. 413 Schneider) ypd<pei tt\v laTopiav). But one authority spoke of a single bull, that … aiioLprjaai \6yov tov Kad' rj/j.ds). Both versions bear a sinister resemblance to the accounts … p.eTa (TLWTrrjs M-^XP1 Tires aurots irvpffevcreiav £k tov 'ArafivpLoV k.t.X.). A relic of this urban … restored the opening lines as above, and proposed for the closing lines [av\idt)Ke Ad

925

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 925 … the town of Rhodes, founded by a certain Philon, was devoted to Zeus ' ArapvpLos and to the … [Aioo~]aTa(3vpiao~Tav 'AyadoSai/xoviacrrdv i>t\(<j))velit)v koivov j daWwi arecpdvcoi). The other, … or pedestal of white marble, which has been hollowed out, probably to form a mortar with … A mutilated inscription on a slab of blackish marble at Netteia (Apollakia) near Lindos, … The cult of the Rhodian Zeus even found its way to Skythia. At Kermenchik … Latinae Petropoli 1885 i. 216 no. 242 on a base of grey marble now in the Museum at … was sent by her parents Ouranos and Gaia to Lyktos, and Gaia received the child to … But see G. M. Columba Aigaion (extr. from the Memorie delta R. Accade/uia di Archeo- … herr—P. Orsi 'Scoperte nell'antro di Psychro' in the Museo Italiano di Antichita Clas-

926

J. Demargne in 1897 (Sir A. J. Evans The Palace of Minos London 1921 i. 629), and … bone articles of the toilet; small altar-like tables in steatite and limestone, three of which

927

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 927 … D. G. Hogarth concludes : 'About the pre-eminently sacred character of this Cave … versed = my fig. 830). The latter, like a lentoid seal of rock crystal found in the Idaean

928

erebv 5-q, \ KprjTrjdev Keival ye (sc. the two Bears) Aids p.eyd\ov Iottjtl \ ovpavbv eiffavefirjaav, … (Moiro of Byzantion c. 300 B.C. frag. ap. Athen. 491 A—B Zeus 5' ap evl Kpyjrrj rpecpero … while the Kouretes, or by later confusion the Korybantes, drowned his infant cries with … Ant. Lib. 19 quotes from the Ornithogonia of 'Boios' (supra p. 463 n. 1) a queer tale, … man may enter it. Every year at a definite time there is seen a great glare of fire from

Plate 42

Amphora from Vulci, now in the British Museum: Laios, Keleos, Kerberos,

929

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 929 … dyoiTo). Minos, their son, used to descend into the Dictaean Cave and thence return with … for years in the Cave and to have had visions there (Max. Tyr. 16. 1 dcpLKerb ttotc 'Adrjvafe … Sir A. J. Evans at first identified Mt Dikte with Mt Lasithi, the Dictaean Cave with … KaVATrbX\w\[v]a HvOiov Kad' iepwv veoKav\[T]ojv k.t.X.): (2) the oath of allegiance taken

930

Dionysios by the kSsmos or chief magistrate of Praisos in accordance with a treaty of … (4) a long inscription, dated in 139 B.C., of which one copy was found near Itanos, … Hierapytna—respecting the territory of Heleia and the island of Leuke. Itanos ultimately … Finally, excavations of the British School at Athens undertaken in 1902 at Heleia … More widely scattered were tiles and architectural terracottas of two distinct periods:

931

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 931 … agreement between Knossos and Hierapytna, which was found in the church of St Nikolaos … PP- 357—365), and expounded at large by Miss J. E. Harrison ('The Kouretes and Zeus … poetical Greek, with a dash of Doric dialect, beliefs that had descended from much earlier

932

The god here invoked is clearly thought of as coming from afar to witness, or even to … p. 88 f.), means 'forest, wood' (F. Solmsen in the Indogermanische Forschungen 1908 … hist. 16. 142. Claud, de rapt. Pros. 3. 370ff. confuses Mt Ide in the Troad), which … Cretan cypresses called bpviTai (Theophr. cans. pi. 1. 2. 2), but beams of cypress were … ligneumque (sc. semen), magnitudine ciceris). Iron-coloured stones shaped like the human … The Thunderweapon in Religion and Folklore Cambridge 1911 p. 76 f. (' Thunderstones … n- o the right reading appears to be AiKTy, not "ldy : at most we have Mart. ep. 4. 1. 2

933

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 933 … Nemesis und Adrasteia Breslau 1890 p. 175 f. finds Adrasteia, the infant Zeus, and his … Hence in the Rhapsodic theogony Adrasteia, daughter of Melissos and Amaltheia, is … pp. 751 n. 2, 777). Copper coins of Crete issued by Titus (Rasche … Other myths were readily attached to the same locality. It … bpoioos dveivrai irepl rr\v aKpobpeiav bvres). He had repaid his debt to the bees by turning

934

that Pythagoras first repaired to the mystics of Morges, one of the Idaean Daktyloi, by … that the cavern-rites were concerned with death as well as birth. Zan or Zeus lay dead. … Apart from the cave-sanctuary there were in s. v B.C.—if we may trust the Cretans of … dibs—]. Another treaty, of c. 100 B.C., between Gortyna and Hierapytna on the one side … The oldest cult-cavern of Mt Ide seems to have been the grotto, known locally as … Wissowa Real-Enc. ix. 859 f.)). It was thoroughly explored in 1913 by a party from the

935

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 935 … long by 8 ft 3 ins broad) covered by an elliptical dome. Eastwards of this is the sanctuary, … western portion is said to be older than the remainder. About 3060 ft below the summit,

937

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 937

938

The only ' Minoan ' object known to have been found in the Cave is a lenticular gem … tended, without undue rashness, that we have here the ultimate reason for the Cretan … lebetes (id. ib. p. 7256°. nos. 1—5 Atlas pi. 12, 4). (7) Very archaic groups of decorative … horse, doves, snakes (id. ib. p. 745 ff. with figs. Atlas pi. 12, 18). (11) Handles of vases, … -<OOOA, apparently a 'Gnostic' charm ending with [<t>vX)\d<T<?ov. A few pieces of … (16) Two small oblong seal-stones of steatite (F. Halbherr loc. cit. p. 757 f. with fig.).

939

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 939 … vows to Zeus 'IScuos in the shadow of a great rock and turned again, well content, to the … 1 Mt Juktas, an isolated ridge running from south to north towards Knossos and the … traveller can recall many such resemblances, but none that I have seen have the convincing

940

156 with fig. ri2 informs us ' that the long ridge of the mountain rising in successive peaks … The passage continues, after a comma, dprjaKevovcra dpbvuiaiv dvaiffdrjTois veKveaaiv). etc. … (for the cenotaph of Astydamas, a Cydonian drowned between Cape Malea and Crete).

941

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 941 … Philostr. v. soph. 2. 4 p. 74 Kayser (Antiochos, a sophist of Aigai in Kilikia, s. ii a.d.) … rots rre pi Albs Kal rod racpov avrov. k.t.X. (a quotation and discussion of Kallim. h. Zeus%{.,

942

(youngest brother of Gregorios Nazianzenos) dial. 2. respons. ad interrogat. 112 (xxxviii.

943

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 943 … p.eTwvop.dady "Epp.ys. An attempt to trace the antecedents of the version common to … Kal Ala KaXovcri,'' the Chronicon Paschale 44 b—c (i. 80 Dindorf) ev ip XP°VV n?/cos 6 Kal … For references to the tomb of Zeus in writers of the Renaissance and of modern times

944

'prayer-pellets' like those of Petsofa (J. L. Myres in the Ann. Brit. Sch. Ath. 1902—1903 … surmises that the building described above ' was a little house of shelter and refection for … buried in the sanctuary of Aphrodite at Paphos (Ptolemaios of Megalopolis frag. 1 [Frag,

945

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 94 5 … too the ingenious guess of a late grammarian that the inscription originally ran Mivuos rod … The southern and higher summit of Mt Juktas is topped by a church of AvdevT-rjs Xptaros, … identifies 'lepbv opos with the mountain of Zeus "Ap/3ios—a view accepted by L. Biirchner … Travels and Researches in Crete London 1865 i. 295 give illustrations of the cleft at Arvi. … geologist have listened to the men in the store that night, he would have accepted their

946

God under the name of Zeus Arbios.' Id. in the Joum. Hell. Stud. 1894 xiv. 285 f. fig. 16 … p. 1109 n. 2, O. Jessen in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. vi. 198) or literally 'on the Tree' … In this connexion we should note that silver stateres of Phaistos struck c. 360—300 B.C. … Kunstmyth. Zeus p. 197 Munztaf. 3, 3, P. Gardner Types of Gk. Coins p. 165 f. pi. 9, 17,

947

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 947 … so in the neighbouring town of Phaistos he had the same or a similar willow-bride. … in the Hesychian glosses 7]iKav6sm 6 dXeKrpvJjv (A. J. Reinach in VAnthropologic jq 10 … Lehnworte aus dem Orient zu betrachten sind'). The equation, however, does not satis- … Mr B. F. C. Atkinson and I, after a joint consideration of all the data, have rejected … The cult of Zeus FeXxdvos has left traces of itself in other places beside Phaistos :

948

The Tallaia range1. … i a very archaic inscription in retrograde lettering from the Pythion (Steph. Byz. s.v. … the month 'EXxcmos probably corresponded with our May—June). (4) Lyttos (G. Doublet … 1 The Tallaia range, midway between Oaxos and the sea, reaches a maximum height … no. 514 [id.3 no. 712), 14 cited supra i. 729 n. 3, J. Demargne in the Bull. Corr. Hell. … co(n)s(ulibus) = 223 A.D. A. v. Premerstein and N. Vulic, who publish the inscription in

949

The Mountain-cults of Zeus … springs (TroKvTrtda^ eight times in the II., cp. Plat. legg. 682 b), derived its name (supra … with silver fir, oak, plum, filbert, maple, ash, Phoenician cedar, prickly cedar, alder, … 683 f.) gives an interesting account of Mt Ide: 'There is a tradition that this mountain … p. 79 pi. 14, 12—14, Head Hist, num.2 p. 548). One specimen names the head [l]AH

950

in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. vii. 757 f. cp. Gargissa some 33 kilometers to the north- … Mater Idaea, was worshipped far and wide throughout the Roman empire (H. Graillot … KaOi^ero KvSei yaiwv, \ elaopotov Tpiiiov re ttoXlv koli vrjas 'AxaiQv), on which as on the top … alpa Saipovcov). Gargaros, eponym of the town, was the son of Zeus (Steph. Byz. s.v. … TXidoos, irapari.dip.evos KXetrapxov AiyLvr\rr\v Xe£iKoypd<pov). And Onetor, priest of Zeus … valwv Tapydpwv (so A. Meineke for yapyapa cod.) dydvviipa). Quintus Smyrnaeus did the … authority, since Hekabe bade Priam, when he set out for the hut of Achilles, pour a … raxvv ayyeXov,' k.t.X.). Virgil and the pseudo-Plutarch associate the cult of Zeus 'ISaios … Oeiov [3wpol rvyxdvovaiv). Lastly, writers of the Graeco-Roman age treat Gargaron as an … right hand and the cult-image of Athena 'iXids in his left, accompanied by the honorific

951

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 951 … Zeus 'IScuos was worshipped at Skepsis also. Bronze coins of the town, struck by … from Skepsis (Kurshunhi Tepe) records a priest of Zeus 'IScuos (J. A. R. Munro in the … Demetrios of Skepsis, who c. 150 b.c. compiled an encyclopaedic commentary on //. 2. … Other coin-types of Skepsis referable to the same cult are a standing eagle (Imhoof-Blumer … A noteworthy bust of Zeus in white marble, formerly in the Stroganoff collection, … than any reference to the pine-wreath of the Isthmian victor. … Strabon's distances to be cumulative, not consecutive, he infers that Palaia Gargaros is the

952

W. Judeich 'Gargara und der Altar des idaischen Zeus' in the Jahresh. d. oest. arch.

953

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 953 … ( = my fig. 845)) measuring c. 13™ x 15™ and approached by three flights of steps on the … 3 The district of Pergamon was of old sacred to the Kabeiroi (Paus. 1. 4. 6 rjv 5e … TevTcti wcTTe xu^vwv re £k,a.io-'uov (with which word the fragmentary oration ends)). Their … Halis Saxonum 1911 p. 143 f.), was perhaps at one time carried on in connexion with the

954

is handing to the other a ram's head. H. von Fritze in the Zeitschr. f. Num. 1901 xxiv. … The Kabeiroi witnessed the birth of Zeus the lightning-god on the summit of Pergamon, … = Cougny Anth. Pal. Append. 6. 172). The oracle begins: … The later passage concerning the sacrifices to the four gods has been quoted supra p. 287

955

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 955 … The older and simpler altar of Zeus, consisting of ashes from the thighs of victims … Recueil oVInscr. gr. no. 1215 = Dittenberger Orient. Gr. inscr. sel. no. 280 a dedication of … 124 ff. nos. 214—216, [30 ff. no. 225—the formula in each case being Ad Kal '' Adr^vdi … pi. 18, 8 similar type on a coin of Amastris) and suspects an allusion to their joint temple in … (pvXaKa too veQ> Kal pvropa). But his views have not been adopted by the authors of the … the end of s. ii B.C. public oaths were administered at the altar of Zeus Zwttjp in the … ipLpieve?v k.t.X.). Among the honours decreed to Attalos iii by Elaia was a golden eques- … UTaroiL roTrwi rijs dyopds, k.t.X.) ; but this must refer to the agora at Elaia, not at Pergamon

956

Zeus was worshipped at Pergamon under several other appellatives. The water-supply … Meyiaros by a small altar of trachyte (M. Frankel op. cit. ii. 243 no. 328, 1 ff. Act … whose cult was probably introduced in the days of Hadrian … Coins of Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius, issued at … 2 It has been maintained, though without sufficient reason, that there was a cult of … A remarkable crag on Mt Sipylos is topped by a rock-cut seat known to the ancients

957

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 957 … Argis, sceptra (Sen. epist. 80. 7 quotes the line with regna for sceptra) mihi liquit Pelops'). … a spear between them {id. p. 138 pi. 15, 4). Qztasi-avLtonomous coppers of imperial … Imhoof-Blumer Kleinas. Miinzen ii. 521 no. 1). A copper of Philippus Senior has rev. … 2 According to Eumelos, Zeus was born in Lydia ; and on the top of Mt Tmolos, west … everai). A bronze coin of Sardeis, struck under Iulia Domna, has for its reverse type an … 3 Tralleis {A'idin) occupied a high plateau on a southern spur of Mt Messogis. Its … Larisa, a village higher up on the slopes of Messogis, thirty stades from Tralleis, gave … Kpep-aarfj Aaplari (so cod. A, with another cr added by the second hand. Xapio-ar] cett.

958

a added by the second hand. XapLaaios cett. codd.) Zevs iKeWev eTroov6p.affTai), as did … ot /xvaraL tov eve[pyerr/v])) or to Zeus Aapdcrtos (K. Buresch in the Ath. Mitth. 1894 xix. … Tt/xta[f]). Decrees were set up in the sanctuary of Zeus (A. E. Kontoleon in the Bull. … Aap[a<r]t[o]i/, tt)v de erepav \ [ev riit iepuii tt)s' A0rf\vas, M. Pappakonstantinou in the Ath. … A. Rehm in Miletin. 318 ff. no. 143, 66 ff. (a decree of Seleukeia (Tralleis) cited in a pact … Xidivijly /cat g-rfjaai ev tuii teptDt tov | [Atos tov Aapacriov k.t.X.], T. Macridy in the … k.t.X.). And votive offerings to the god included a couple of eagles (C. Fellows An Account … k.ioyevr)s 'Opdi\_uv]\os Qeip Att evxa\_p\L0~t&v tovtovs | 8v" derovs dve\dr)Ke. The formula Get?

959

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 959 … Aapacriov, J. R. S. Sterrett in the Ath. Mitth. 1883 viii. 330 ff. no. 11, i4.fi:. = id. in the … Atds tov Aapacriov QXaoviov KXeiTocrdevovs k.t.X., id. in the Ath. Mitth. 1901 xxvi. 239 … a.d., Tralleis was visited by an earthquake, a Pythian oracle delivered to the priest … (The last word is a puzzle. O. Kern loc. cit. p. 101 n. 1 holds that it is either an unknown … iKel yap puXdi ecrriv. 8r]Xoi 5e tov 8t]plotik6v. ]. O. Schaefer op. cit. p. 464 f. prefers the … there identified with Zeus Awdwvalos (id. ib. i. 512, on the strength of Corp. inscr. Gr. ii … Ramsay comments : ' Aurelia Aemilia belonged to a family in which the ancient custom

960

This custom was common in the native religions of Asia Minor (1) [(1) Strab. p. 559 and … 'Concerning the Rite at the Temple of Mylitta' in Anthropological Essays presented to … believed to represent a father-god, their union being thought to promote the fruitfulness … tt^pOos avrris dyerai p.erd top rr/s 7raXXa/feias Kaipbv). And the dvnrroTrodes recall the priests … AAPASIOY below the bull (id. ib. p. 169 no. 3). One, in place of the maeander, gives … rov ~EiUfj.evovs Kai 'Ecrrtas t[t)s irapedpov auJJroO Kat twv aWuv dewv Scorf^pw;' k.t.X.] and the … fig. 847 is from a cast of this specimen). Later

961

The Mountain-cults of Zeus … Other coins of the town illustrate the myth of Zeus : (1) a copper of Antoninus Pius … 7 ff. with Bolte in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. vii. 1585. (2) A copper of M. Aurelius … (4) A copper of Antoninus Pius has rev. €IOVCrAAAO[l] Io in long robe and bridal … and W. Wroth in the Num. Chron. Fourth Series 1903 iii.

962

The cult of Zeus Aapdaios spread to Miletos, where a small domestic altar dedicated … 2 The Zeus-cult of the Ephesians can be traced back to the first half of s. vii B.C. … /3oQi> I <'2/Avpvcuoi KareKyjav [ins. I. Casaubon)>' /c.r.X.). But here Zeus was always of … A bronze coin of Ephesos, struck by Antoninus Pius, has rev. Zeus enthroned on a … G. Macdonald Coin Types Glasgow 1905 p. 167 f. pi. 6, 9; A. Lobbecke in the Zeitschr. … fig. 849 from a cast)) show Zeus '0\ufj.wtos seated to the left, … gerent shared the honours of his festival {Corp. inscr. Gr. … has rev. Z£YC €060100 TTPHTOC ACIAC Zeus standing with the cult-statue

963

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 963 … Finally, the cult-statue of Artemis was called Aio-rreres as having fallen from Zeus … of Bulgaria expos, in acta text. alt. 29 (exxv. 1013 Migne) '/cat tov AioireTovs.' to ei8co\ov … yevb/xevov vrrb avdpunrov aya\p.a tt)s 'ApTepiSos, Kadios epivdevov "EXkrjves, Isidoros of … avTois Tt/unioTaTa /cat to. bioireTr) ndKovpieva). Cp. the passages cited by Stephanus Thes. … P. Saintyves 'Talismans et reliques tombes du ciel' in the Revue des Etudes Ethno-

964

2 Zeus '0\vfj.irioi [supra i. 116 n. 8, 124)- ^The cult-statue of the god appears on a … A copper of Caracalla shows a youthful figure, in military costume, carrying a sceptre … Monn. gr. a"As. Min. i. 589 pi. 101, 13 ( = my fig. 851)). A similar copper of Geta has

965

The Mountain-cults of Zeus

966

recollection of this treasure lingered in folk-memory; for the peasants in comparatively

967

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 967 … [Aios]) and a vewKSpos of Zeus (ib. no. 3831a4, 4 ft. 'IouXt|avw Tpvcpu\vos, veunblpov rod

968

TroXecos [ [i] <pi\o<Te(3a]aros /3ouXtj | [/cat 6 yea>/c6p[os 5t}/xos |---|---). Inside the right … The neocorate is further evidenced by coins (Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Phrygia p. 28 … Phrygia p. 200 pi. 26, 2). (^^.K-autonomous and imperial coppers of Aizanoi show Zeus … 1 Infancy of Zeus on a Phrygian mountain (supra i. 151 f. figs. 122, 123). 9e6s

969

The Mountain-cults of Zeus … Upper valley of the Tembrogios or Tembrios3. … 2 Infancy of Zeus on a Phrygian mountain (supra i. 151 f. fig. 120). … probably the priest Valerius, thereby contaminating the Pessinuntine tradition of Agdistis … corrupt). He was called Attis because the Lydian word attis means 'scitulus' or because … When Attis was fully grown, he went to Pessinous to wed the king's daughter, [being sent

970

of the alliance with Agdistis and closed the town to prevent any untoward interruption of … a Pessinuntine appellation of the Great Mother. So Strab. 469 ot 5e BepeKvvres, &pvyun> … over the 77) cod. D. dyyibio-riv codd. relL Angidistam Guarino da Verona), Hesych. s.v. … A.B.C.) 6 yevvr/Oels iK rod Aios enrbpov. The same divine name occurs in several inscrip- … M[rjre]pa Bori\dr)v7]v Kal 6ewv rr\v Mrj\repa k.t.X. (3) lb. iv no. 6837 (beneath a relief of … Ponli Eitxini Graecae et Latinae Petropoli 1890 ii. 32 no. 31 (of Roman date; beneath a … Another myth connected with Mt Agdos was that of Deukalion (Arnob. adv. nat. 5. 5

971

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 971 … 1 Coin-type of Zeus seated on a rock (supra i. 124). … 17 Xt/xatpa (pdpay^ ris, dirb rod aiyiaXov dvareivovo-a (the glen of Avian : see O. Benndorf— … rrjvSe. The cave-cult of Apollon at Lopta described in this curious record may give us

972

1 Supra i. 100 n. ri. Methodios, bishop of the Lycian town Olympos at the beginning … /3ej3\ao-TrjKevaL. k.t.X.) The good bishop describes the phaenomenon in terms reminiscent … fig. 65 and pi. 17. In antiquity several such fiery jets were known and the site was called … Hephaistion, there should have been a joint recognition of Zeus and Hephaistos. R.

973

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 973 … (Strab. 630) or Solyma {id. 666), the modern Giildere Dagh or Giillik Dagh. It was an … The principal deity of the town in classical times was Zeus 2oXup.ei»s. Mionnet … Pisidiens Wien 1892 ii. 47 ff. describes the remains of what was probably the temple of … 5pe[v]s [iiroiei (?)] (K. Lanckoronski op. cit. ii. 206 no. 78). Another base from the same … Kal iraripa 7r6Xewj). Other life-priests of Zeus SoXu/xet/s are recorded {id. ib. ii. 200 no. 39,

974

G. F. Hill in the Joum. Hell. Stud. 1895 xv. 127 f. publishes, among inscriptions … ( = Corp. inscr. Gr. iii no. 4366 m) completed by G. Cousin in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1899 … 1 In 82 B.C. Mithridates vi Eupator, having cleared Kappadokia of the Roman forces,

975

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 975 … including a valuable discussion (pp. 145 f., 172 ff.) of Zeus Srpdrios and his cult. Their … discoveries may be resumed as follows. Some four miles due east of Amaseia rises a

976

[See further Frazer Golden Bough?: The Magic Art ii. 40—45].) The summit of the hill … scriptions from the neighbouring village of Ebimi preserve dedications to Zeus lirpdrios … we gather that in the year 99 A.D. the cult was administered by awdpxovres and veuKdpoi. … ■nrdvTa kovis. The man is as full of quotations as Dikaiopolis).

977

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 977 … To this I would add but two remarks. Doubtless, as Cumont says, the pyre of … In antiquity few persons reached the summit, and those who did declared that in clear … (with lithographic pi. view of Mt Argaios as seen from Kara Hissar), P. de Tchihatcheff

978

the distance, and the height of the intervening mountains.' Tozer adds (ib. p. 126 f.) : 'As … in the British Museum, which shows Mt Argaios with a wreath above it and a goat's … This famous type has been discussed at length by W. Wroth in the Brit. Mus. Cat. … 'Apycuos ?xel TrepLKeLnevov 5pvp.bv, k.t.\) are represented by trees (figs. 866, 869 ff.). The … credunt. It remains therefore to ask what deity was believed to inhabit the mountain.

979

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 979

980

temple below with a star in its pediment and between its columns the inscription 61C … here, as elsewhere (supra pp. 160, 431 f.), the Dioskouroi are … 5 Zagreus (supra i. 651), whose art-type was borrowed by the Cretan Zeus 'IScuos … 7 A bronze coin of s. i B.C., probably struck at Chalkis sub Libano (Anjar) near

981

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 981 … treats this conical stone as a primitive dya\/j.a of … the mountain derived its name from a certain king Kasios, who had entertained Zeus … see Gruppe Cult. Myth, orient. Rel. i. 392) >, who were named after their mothers, the … Several myths attached to the mountain. Zeus pursued Typhon to Mt Kasion … conspectis nisi cum praesidio earum indigetur). The Antiochenes honoured Triptolemos … In historical times we get repeated allusions to the cult of Zeus on this mountain.

982

the month Xanthikos (April) offered sacrifice to Zeus Kdaios upon Mt Kasion : an eagle … med.). Trajan, accompanied by Hadrian, visited Seleukeia in the month Apellaios (De- … S''ApaaiciSewv). In 129 a.d. Hadrian climbed the mountain by night to witness the sun- … Kdirios, for a medallion, struck in 167 a.d. on account of the victories won in the east by … Wissowa Real-Enc. x. 2265. In the spring of 363 a.d. Julian ascended Mt Kasion on a … But the most interesting evidence with regard to the cult is supplied by the coin-types … the roof is an eagle with spread wings, and beneath the shrine 5T6YC K AC IOC (Brit.

983

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 983 … Antoninus Pius). Later specimens omit the god's name {Hunter Cat. Coins iii. 217 no. 43 … Zeus Kacrios must not be confounded with Zeus Kepawto? {supra p. 809); the stone

984

1 Hadrian attempted to crush Christianity by erecting a statue of Aphrodite on the site … So even the pagans realised that the Cross meant Love Divine and the empty Tomb … of Zeus KdcTLos (Strab. 760, Lucan. 8. 858, Plin. nat. hist. 5. 68, Solin. 34. 1, Steph. … awdevres £ir\evcrav, Kal eKpicpevres irepl to KaaaLOv 6pos vabv aiirbOi dfyiipwcrav). The story … statues to his memory near Mt Kasion (Appian. bell. civ. 2. 86). In the winter of 69— … clearing it of sand and replacing the bronze statues, which had been removed to the

985

The Mountain-cults of Zeus … Trpdarayp-a' | ywat/ta 5e /x?) irpoa dyeiv | /x-^cSe epeois avSpa). Similarly a native of … [Ovp]avia 'A<ppo8dTt] Net/07 ev Kavwwuj.' A. Salac, who publishes the inscription in the … J. Cledat in the Comptes rendtis de P Acad, desinscr. el belles-lettres 1905 pp. 602—611, … 1 We are further indebted to J. Cledat for the discovery of a temple dedicated to Zeus … Ko<r[p,rjO-a]q-vvopoo-r}K[.....]cccop.aTt[---] j [---aujrov. I cannot make head or tail of the

986

A. Salac in the Bull. Corr. Hell. igi2 xlvi. 166—176 {'Zeus Kasios en Egypte'), not … existing cult-statue of Harpokrates, the youthful Horos. This contention is strongly … andrini Cairo 1901 i. 418 no. 6345 pi. 34). Other coins of the same town, struck by … p. 351 no. 46), while coins of Alexandreia, struck by Hadrian in 137/8 A.D., have obv. … was chosen as the successor of the youthful Horos. And here I should conjecture that we … taboo (as to which see the references collected by J. E. B. Mayor on Iuv. 15. 9) was

987

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 987 … told by Sextus Empiricus that no devotee of Zeus Kacnos in that town would eat an onion … phrase rCov Ka6Lepovp.evuv ™.. .Kctcrta; Att coupled with that of Acbilleus Tatios (supra) … yeypa\fj,p.eva iravra k.t.~X. addressed on the back d7ro(5os) 'AiroXLvapLio lx'tto TLerpwuLov … Baudissin op. cit. ii. 240 was inclined to derive the Pelusiac from the Syrian cult of … Heimat herubernahmen.' Frau Adler loc. cit. adopts the latter view, 'class beide Kulte auf … that Zeus 'Twapteus (sic) derived his appellative from the goat.

Appendix E: The Kyklops in folk-tales

988

THE KYKLOPS IN FOLK-TALES. … of them making valuable contributions to the subject. But the palm must be … or (/3) as a pretended cure for his defective sight by means of molten tin, … 2 C. Nyrop ' Sagnet om Odysseus og Polyphem ' in the Nordisk Tidskrift for Filologi … 5 G. Pohvka ' Nachtrage zur Polyphemsage' in the Archiv f. Rel. 1898 i. 305—336, … literargeschichtliche Untersuchung Leipzig 1917 pp. 1—167. Review by J. Bolte in the … 10 Sir J. G. Frazer in Appendix xiii ' Ulysses and Polyphemus' to his edition of … 241. Review by J. Bolte in the Zeitschrift des Vereins fitr Volkskunde 1905 xv. 460 f.

989

The Kyklops in Folk-Tales 989 … Of these alternatives (a), which implies gigantic sheep, was earlier than … This episode, which probably formed part of the original tale1, bulks big … iv The hero escapes detection by giving his name as ' Self or ' Myself,' … central Europe, which told how a man injured an elfish creature of some … 5 Unless indeed we may suppose that a trace of the ring-throwing subsists in the stone-

990

urged, not only that the Kyklops' eye stood for the sun in heaven1, but also that … 7 Text in the AeXrlov rrjs 'ltjTOpiKris /ecu 'HldvoXoyLKTjs 'Eraiptas ttjs 'EXXdSos Athens 1883 … 8 On the Ap&Kos or Ap&KovTas of the modern Greek see B. Schmidt Das Volksleben der … 9 With his fixed epithet ' Famous ' cp. the Homeric Ho\v<p7]fj.os.

991

The Kyklops in Folk-Tales 991 … told her of his quest. ' Listen, my son,' said the old woman : 'thou hast under-

992

duly gave the horse's pile of bones to the dog and the dog's heap of straw to the … to set free. The youth did so ; and the princesses gave him the golden wand as … was a woman. She was collecting wood. There was also a Tepekozis2. The … 2 Tepe means 'hill' and here, presumably, 'head.' Koz is for giiz, 'eye.' The name,

993

The Kyklops in Folk-Tales 993 … More often we meet with single episodes of the Kyklops-tale isolated from … (recorded at Lasta in the deme Mylaon in Gortynia, a district of the Morea). Translation

994

The same motif is woven into tales of different texture from Zakynthos and … begged him to contract a marriage on her behalf with the Giant of the Moun- … Berge '), 230 f. = Hackman op. cit. p. 11 f. no. 3. The tale is a variant of a type first … they quarry huge stones for building towers and cause the earthquakes that are so frequent … 3 For a similar incident see 'The Scab-pate,' a folk-tale from Astypalaia (J. Pio

995

The Kyklops in Folk-Tales … 1 In a folk-tale from Syra (E. M. Geldart op. cit. p. 16 f. ' The two brothers and the … Trimmatos ou l'ogre aux trois yeux.' The tale falls under the thirtieth or ' Bluebeard '-

996

these he dug up the dead body and devoured it. At this she fell sick of a fever. … pared to eat her for not having kept his secret. Kindling a brasier, the flames … who bade three of his children—Dimitri, Michael, and George—go out into the … other Mediterranean ports. After two years they joined the crew of a fine

997

The Kyklops in Folk-Tales 997 … through the door came a monstrous, misshapen, blind Drakos. In a voice which … Once safely outside, George fled to the nearest wood, wandered about in it,

998

plunged into it, and emerged on the other side as so many bands of storks ! … resolved to play a trick upon his sister Kathinko. She had a pair of silver … ddXov touto taxeiv, k.t.X. See further D'Arcy W. Thompson A Glossary of Greek

999

The Kyklops in Folk-Tales 999 … to-do folk still living at Therapia and in the neighbourhood. … and he said 'Awards—" Mr Self." When he had cooked the goat, he beat the … two Kyklopes and gives each of them two pairs of eyes : … ' Once on a time there were two men travelling. Night fell upon them by the … 2 V T^XV T0V VT0's T0V y^iov, i.e. he had no means of subsistence.

1000

about in the rams' skins. Meanwhile the spits were heated, and each of the men … A Sicilian tale from Erice, which G. Pitre had from the lips of a girl only

1001

The Kyklops in Folk-Tales iooi … gone a good distance, night came on. " We had better return," said the youngest … to a great cavern, where dwelt the Occhiaro (' Bright-eye'), a monster with only … Finamore. For a very similar version (i(a)+ii (/3) + iii), likewise from the Abruzzo, see … 2 Episode i (a) is here crossed by episode i (/3), the southern by the northern form … takes the place of i (a) in a version recorded at Pisa (D. Comparetti (Novelline popolari … 3 C. Nyrop ' Sagnet om Odysseus og Polyphem ' in the Nordisk Tidskrift for Filologi

1002

one big brilliant eye. The Occhiaro closed the cavern with a great stone, and … One day he captured a lad on Pilmoor, and instead of grinding him in the mill … 2 S. Baring-Gould in W. Henderson op. cit. p. 196 n. adds : ' I am told by one of our … 3 Ld. in Folk-Lore toe. cit. says further: 'in the mill was shown...the giant's...stone

1003

barred the door. Jack was again in difficulties, but he soon found a way out of … THE DIOSKOUROI AND HELENE IN MODERN FOLK-TALES. … (1) A good example of the group in question is the modern Greek story of … Crane Italian Popular Tales London 1885 pp. 17, 325. On the ' expulsion' formula see … barred the door. Jack was again in difficulties, but he soon found a way out of … THE DIOSKOUROI AND HELENE IN MODERN FOLK-TALES. … (1) A good example of the group in question is the modern Greek story of … Crane Italian Popular Tales London 1885 pp. 17, 325. On the ' expulsion' formula see

Appendix F: The Dioskouroi and Helene in modern folk-tales

1004

his master to take a hatchet to cut a branch from the tree. Sun did so, and re- … up to the knees, next up to the thighs, and then up to the waist. At this crisis … hard-working daughters. The eldest of them wished that she had for husband … were grown up, he built them a tower to live in. As for the queen, at the time … sische Miirche7i Leipzig 1864 ii. 40 ff. I have condensed the version of von Hahn.

1005

promised to bear, and that night he told his mother about them. She taxed the … midnight and might then be shot. The young men followed the monk's directions,

1006

his children. His wife was fetched from the hen-house, clad in queenly garments,

1007

sister. The king was so pleased at his success that he gave him a small kingdom. … (4) A variant hails from Hagia Anna, a small town in the north-east of

1008

and told him all that had happened. Thereupon he brought his wife out of the … (5) A Sicilian parallel to the foregoing tales is entitled The Herb-gatherer's … see the Dancing Water.' The lad followed these instructions, filled his bottles … There is a slightly condensed translation of this tale in T. F. Crane Italian popular

1009

golden basons made, and the Dancing Water leaped from one to the other. Again

1010

Apple, the Speaking Bird spoke to him and bade the sister and brothers invite … (6) It must not be supposed that tales of this type are found only in the … who one evening after supper were talking confidences. The eldest said that

1011

he went, gave her a dagger : she was to pull it out of its sheath several times … of the path would be seen many stone pillars—men, who had essayed to climb … would then hop down from branch to branch of the apple-tree, and enter a cage … directions she faithfully carried out. Passing through the intense cold on the

1012

(77) The Myth of Zethos and Amphion as an 'Expulsion' Tale. … ib) Beasts are substituted for the new-born children ; or the mother is … Von Hahn has done good service by thus emphasising the permanent features of … We may here with some assurance hazard a twofold guess. On the one hand, he … i. 390 ff. 'Fifth Diversion of the Fourth Day,' F. M. Luzel ' Les trois filles du boulanger'

1013

ation at least, would have been so outrageous and so unconvincing as that of the … Apollodoros, who is paraphrasing Euripides' Antiof>e\ tells the tale of that … them and reared them, calling the one Zethos, the other Amphion. Zethos gave … The general similarity of Euripides' play to the ' expulsion 'formula of J. G. … about to slay Lycus, Mercurius forbade them and at the same time ordered … Nauck2) ap. Aristot. poet. 16. 1454 b 11 ff. used certain congenital signs in the shape of … 2 This appears from a comparison of Apollod. 3. 5. 5 with Hyg. fab. 8, which is … 6 Hyg./a^. 8. So the schol. Ap. Rhod. 4. 1090.

1014

\0) Stellar names of the children in 'Expulsion' Tales. … 3. A boy with the Morning-star on his face, a girl with the Evening-star … The children, then, are definitely stellar; and a comparison of the last two … a couple of stars4. … J. Rendel Harris in The Cult of the Heavenly Twins argues well in defence … 1. They are put into boxes and flung into the sea. … secures the winged horse of the plain, which eats men and beasts. … 5 J. Rendel Harris The Cult of the Heavenly Twins Cambridge 1906 p. 10 ff.

1015

5. They are thrown out for the dogs to eat. … and reared them ; Dirke took their mother Antiope to the same place, fastened … 3 Tzetz. in Lyk. Al. 88, Apollod. 3. 10. 7. The egg was left iv t<2 eAet (Tzetz.), iu … one of them containing Castor and Pollux, the other Clytemnestra and Helena (Myth.

1016

But whether this egg, like that of Helene, was left in the wilds, we do not know. … Their mother Ilia became the wife of the river-god Anien or Tiberis1. According … (b) A golden bough, on which all the birds of the world meet to sing. … (b) A mirror, which shows the whole world and is kept by forty dragons.

1017

throughout ancient Greek mythology. The folk-tale hero rides off to get the … Bearing the thunder-peal and lightning-flash … acrrpairrifiope'i. I do not know any ancient representation of Pegasos as lightning-bearer. … represent him as a constellation in the sky. My friend Prof. E. T. Whittaker, late

1018

The hero of another folk-tale captures the Winged Horse of the Plain : he … Bellerophontes, who captures Pegasos while drinking at the spring Peirene2; … 7 We must, however, bear in mind the warning uttered by that careful student of Greek

1019

(X) Penalties exacted by the children in 'Expulsion' Tales. … gruesome analogy. Zethos and Amphion, as we have already heard1, bind the … ORPHIC THEOGONIES AND THE COSMOGONIC EROS. … But the subject is even now far from being exhausted, and a Corpus of the monu- … traced, there is obvious to the impartial observer either a straining of the evidence or a … I figure e.g. the principal design on an Apulian krate'r from Palazzuolo near Syracuse, … in Roscher Lex. Myth. ii. 21846°. fig. 1, J. H. Huddilston Greek Tragedy in the light of … (X) Penalties exacted by the children in 'Expulsion' Tales. … gruesome analogy. Zethos and Amphion, as we have already heard1, bind the … ORPHIC THEOGONIES AND THE COSMOGONIC EROS. … But the subject is even now far from being exhausted, and a Corpus of the monu- … traced, there is obvious to the impartial observer either a straining of the evidence or a … I figure e.g. the principal design on an Apulian krate'r from Palazzuolo near Syracuse, … in Roscher Lex. Myth. ii. 21846°. fig. 1, J. H. Huddilston Greek Tragedy in the light of

Appendix G: Orphic Theogonies and the cosmogonic Eros

1020

mental evidence is still sorely needed. Of scholars that in modern times have … Orphische theogonie' in the Jahrb. f. class. Philol. 1874 xx. 666—676, id. De … the Archiv fiir Geschichte der Philosophic 1897 xi. 13—17, Rohde Psyche^ ii. … (1) The earliest Orphic Theogony. … primis principiis 124 (i. 319, 8 ff. Ruelle)). The contents of the poem can be … (Plat. Tim. 40 e). Fair-flowing Okeanos took to wife Tethys, his sister by the … Phorkys, Kronos, Rhea, and others (Plat. Tim. 40 e, Cic. Tim. 11). The sequel

1021

(Asklepiades of Mende frag, i {Frag. hist. Gr. iii. 306 Miiller) ap. Athen. 83 c) … age and a very different locality. If the Atd? dwarf) really presupposes an Orphic … that the Orphic poem took shape somewhere in Asia Minor as the result of early … Enorches, who founded a temple for Dionysos and called the god after himself … opxets, 'testicles' (evopxr/s, evopxos, evopxis is elsewhere used e.g. of a ram (II. 23. … 15 a), and imply that in Lesbos as at Mykenai there lingered the memory of

1022

1861 ii. 154—158 argues that the Mycenaean myth points back to a human … d8eX(pov dnlnTeivtv cos iepeiov) to Thrace, where the devouring of a dismembered … primisprincipiis 123 bis (i. 317, 15 ff. Ruelle) :—In the beginning was water and … Stephanus Thes. Gr. Ling. iii. 249 B—c) which thickened into earth. Water, the

1023

Berolini 1888 p. 25 f.) with golden wings on his shoulders, the heads of bulls … thinks that the theogony current under his name ' war sicher kein besonderes … (fivopevoov vTvoXapfidvovTas prjTepa ttpoo-ayopevaai, the Egyptian word for 'mother'

1024

p. 431 n. 3 further cites the thickening of water into slime and earth in Mandaite … cites the opening hexameter of a lepos Xoyos ascribed to Pythagoras; Iambi.

1025

it appears that the names Mtjtls and Qdvrjs had an obvious sense for Greek ears, … orphischen Erikepaios' (god of Ericibba=Kridu) in the Wiener Studien 1912 … below and two garlands supported on ram's-heads). The second element in the … in Dionys.^fer. 288) by some called Okeanos (Hyg. poet. astr. 2. 32) or the Nile

1026

Roscher Lex. Myth. iv. 1468 fig. 35.] Phanes was also spoken of as Upooroyovos … 233 Creuzer, cp. Orph. Arg. 14 ff.). As fAovoyevrjs he was in the time of the … when he emerged from the 'white egg ' (Orph. frag. 70 Kern ap. Damask, quaest. … (ii. 92, 22 f. Ruelle)) and by her had three successive pairs of children—Ge or … kios quaest. de primis priitcipiis 209 (ii. 92, 25 ff. Ruelle)) received the sceptre … in Aristot. met. N. 4. 1091 b 4 p. 182, 14 f. Kroll); she also had the gift of

1027

the ordering of all things consulted both Nyx and Kronos, whom he had already … Plat. Cratyl. pp. 54, 19 and 62, 3 ff. Pasquali). At the advice of Nyx Zeus leapt … Zeus had within his own belly the body of all things, and, since he had digested … afresh the world and all its contents, including gods and goddesses (Orph. … Accordingly Zeus himself was described by the Orphists in pantheistic terms

1028

A fuller version of these lines is found in Orph. frag. 168 Kern ap. Euseb. praep.

1029

drjXovcrdai 8ia rcbv iirwv epprjvevaas). Having asked of Nyx how all things might … Tim. i. 315, 11 ff. Diehl, id. in Plat. Alcib. i. 219 f. Creuzer). Rhea, as the … opo'j ZijXos t 'ATrdrrj re of the first Aphrodite with Orph. frag. 183 Kern aft. … 'A(ppo8LTrjv I dcppoyeurj of the second). Zeus also mated with his sister Hera, who … i. 637 ff., in the fahrb.f. class. Philol. 1890 Suppl. xvii. 716 ff., Gr. Myth. Rel. … horned babe, the chthonian Dionysos or Zagreus (suftra i. 398: other notices of

1030

the myth in Ov. met. 6. 114, Philostr. epist. 30 (58) Hercher, Nonn. Dion. 5. … i. 83 Creuzer) and the Kouretes (Orph. frag. 151 Kern ap. Prokl. in Plat. Cratyl. … Hera in anger got the Titans to trick the boy by means of certain toys (Orph. … Nonn. Dion. 6. 173), when the Titans, having first smeared their faces with … 174 ff., cp. supra i. 398). A bellowing in mid air from the throat of Hera was … Tim. iii. 169, 3 ff. Diehl: similarly Typhon divided the body of Osiris into

1031

Pasquali), Zeus appeared, struck the Titans with a thunderbolt, and gave the … Stahlin cited supra p. 218)—the Titanic caldron being identified with the … Favorin. lex. p. 1417, 26 ff.: Eustath. in II. p. 84, 43 f. transfers the incident to … Dionysus ille vocatur, | Religio cuius in vacuo falsa curatur, | etc.). Thus the

1032

upshot of the Titans' murderous onslaught was that their victim was put together … 3. 12. 5, Macrob. comm. in somn. Scip. I. 12. 12), whilst the aggressors were visited … The bodies of those that had been struck by the thunderbolts were reduced to … avOpuiroi). It follows that we are part and parcel of Dionysus (Olympiod. ib. p. 3, … The Rhapsodies, which—as the foregoing summary shows—began with … did not obtain much recognition till the time of the neo-Pythagoreans. A pro- … —a genealogy known to Aischylos (supfa p. 252), and by the equation of Rhea … 2755, Farnell Cults of Gk. States iii. 32, 312). Bendis (Orph./rag; 200 Kern ap.

1033

the poem, was worshipped at Athens in 403 B.C. {supra p. 115), if not earlier … that Kratinos the younger, a contemporary of Platon the philosopher, in his … cos eoinev iv ra> ^acr/xtm | \if3ava>TOTra>\rjs rj fidyeipos SixeAiKOf makes fun of the … appropriate allusion to the rao^a (Orph. frag. 66 a Kern ap. Prokl. in Plat. … best doubtful. Platon himself has no direct allusion to the Rhapsodies1; but … Empedokles) between, say, 550 and 450 B.C. On the whole, then, it may be con- … ii. 559 n. 4, Costantin in the Rev. Arch. 1899 355 ff- &g- 6 f., L. Frobenius

1035

was originally an egg ('IVeliei') ; (2) the sun in particular is egg-shaped and was … p. 239) was represented as a potter shaping on his wheel the cosmic egg (id. ib. … devotion).), when they were becoming heated, a golden egg was produced. The

1036

long as the space of a year. 2 In a year's time a man, this Pra^apati, was pro- … Kcina tois dyadois with the comments of R. Eisler WeltenmantelundHi7nmelszelt … either of the mythical personages so named (O. Hofer in Roscher Lex. Myth. iii.

1037

17, Hunter Cat. Corns iii. 263 pi. 76, 31, Head Coins of the Ancients p. 41 pi. 20, … paTwv eaaTepov. The names OvXapos and Xovo-copos are presumably Phoenician, … the point, tells me (Sept. 13, 1916) that O&Xcopos might perhaps be connected with … K.r.A. But Xpvacop may well be an attempt to make the Phoenician Xovo-copos

1038

darpa peydXa.' Mar is another conundrum, of which very various interpretations … ' Les principes cosmogoniques ph^niciens ttoOos et pa>r' in the Melanges Graux … literation of D'tDK' ''SIV {sop he samayim), 'observers of heaven.' The three versions … (6) The Cosmogonic Eros.

1039

primary position to cosmic Desire or Love. According to the Catapatha Brah- … 16. 55, 480, 17. 99, h. Ap. 513, cp. Od. 24. 489, h. Ap. 499) or the like (//. 13.

1040

conensis the earliest coins (s. iii B.C.), copying the Siculo-Punic drachma?, show … this little personage becomes an obvious Eros, his wing formed by the horse's … imitations of the type sometimes show the winged figure riding the horse (R. … on his heels (fig. 888). In the field stands a stag, beneath which on many speci-

1041

ria-aiTo Uerriaios and the evidence collected by O. Jessen in'Pauly—Wissowa … = my fig. 890, cp. p. 156 f. pi. in, 15 ff., p. 186 pi. 125, 16, Head Coins of the … collection). Many and wonderful are the explanations of this remarkable … 168 f.), Dionysos with Oia-rpos (F. M. Avellino in the Giomale numismatico

1042

with one of the Kerkopes (F. Streber 'Ueber die Miinzen von Caulonia' in … d'Albert due de Luynes in the Nouv.

1043

cit. pp. 114, 129). However that may be, the nav\6s in the hand of the god or … Wissowa Real-Enc. vi. 498 f. Fig. 892 is a fresh drawing made from the cast … thymiaterion before her. But the chief interest of the design lies in the little … 'A<ppo8'iTT]s Kara Tlavaavlav (sc. the lexicographer Pausanias rather than a slip for

1044

to ovs Xeyeiv, k.t.X. See further O. Hofer in Roscher Lex. Myth. iii. 3198 f. The … niker ' Die Metopen der Nordostecke des Parthenon' in the Jahresh. d. oest. … 2832, 2835), especially as represented on the fine red-figured oinochoe from Vulci … ' The Painter of the Epinetron from Eretria in Athens')), Eros is already so far … his raised right hand and other fruits in a fold of his chlamys : height o-275'n)

1045

Tanagra, formerly in the Barre collection (no. 449), now in the Louvre, with his … was undoubtedly a vera causa, gave fresh effect to the very ancient belief in the … Psyche (L. Stephani in the Compte-rendu St. Pet. 1877 pp. 53—219, M. Collignon … kindred conceptions of the soul. Finally, we may discover here one ground at … knee (fig. 895 = Furtwangler Ant. Gemmeu i pi. 30, 31, ii. 149 a cornelian in the

1046

Monn. rdft. rom. ii. 8 no. 7 fig. reverse type of a quinarius struck by L. Iulius … 'Romisch'). If Eros thus usurped the position of the strongest god, a fortiori he … of three layers—translucent ground, figure in opaque white, upper surface

1047

them with those of Zeus in a pantheistic scheme (fig. 898 = Furtwangler Ant. … Furtwangler Geschnitt. Steine Berlin p. 276 no. 7440 pi. 55 flat cornelian of … L. Urlichs in the Bonner Jahrbiicher 1846 ix. 155 pi. 5, 4 = Reinach Rep. Stat. ii. … with bluish band). We are meant to draw the moral : omnia vincit Amor; et

1048

1899 p. 339 with col. pi. 11 opposite p. 388, H. B. Walters The Art of the Romans … (fig. 905 = Furtwangler Ant. Gemmen i pi. 50, 36, ii. 244, E. Gerhard in the Bull, … 1835 ii. 3. 12 pi. 50, 628, E. Gerhard in the Bull. d. Inst. 1839 p. 107 no. 100,

1049

in Roscher Lex. Myth. i. 1357, id. Ant. Gemmen i pi. 50, 37, ii. 244), while one of … no. 821, Guida del Mus. JVapoli p. 313 no. 1324, from the Casa del poeta tragico. … more completely preserved, but less fine: it has only two Erotes in the nest.

1050

no. 181, W. Lowrie Christian Art and Archaeology New York 1901 p. 254 fig. 93, … born 1913 p. 498 fig. 193 = a marble sarcophagus, found near the catacomb of … ii. 1. 192 f. =a marble sarcophagus from the Vatican catacomb, now under an … the catacomb of S. Pietro e Marcellino (Torrepignatarra) : the column which … carvings and paintings {e.g. O. M. Dalton Byzantine Art and Archaeology Oxford … a soul-type. If we raise the further question—Whose soul was represented by

1051

Cic. de nat. deor. 3. 44, Hyg./ad. praef. p. 9, 3 ff. Schmidt). But the later Orphic … was Protogonos (supra p. 1026), and Protogonos was 'Zeus the arranger of all' … Estense i7t Modena Modena 1883 p. 360 fig. 94, F. Cumont in the Rev. Arch. … that of the sun-god in Rhodian art, for Phanes was not only called Antauges

1053

either side of the zodiac, must be c … excluded from the rites of Mithras. … his head (J. C. Bruce The Roman … body emerges from the Petra gene- … torch), while the lion-headed god, … manes, the Mithraists' equivalent for

1054

o.47m wide at base), found at Ostia in 1797 by the English painter R. Fagan … high, 0.35111 wide) in the Uffizi at Florence : the god wears a sleeved garment; … (1) The Jars of Zeus Ktesios. … it highly probable that the reference is to the 'E^y^riKoi/ of Autokleides, not … fipoalav. Tj 5' dpfjpoo-Ld, v8a>p dupaitpves, 'i\cuov, irayKapiria- airep ep(3a\e. For the … o.47m wide at base), found at Ostia in 1797 by the English painter R. Fagan … high, 0.35111 wide) in the Uffizi at Florence : the god wears a sleeved garment; … (1) The Jars of Zeus Ktesios. … it highly probable that the reference is to the 'E^y^riKoi/ of Autokleides, not … fipoalav. Tj 5' dpfjpoo-Ld, v8a>p dupaitpves, 'i\cuov, irayKapiria- airep ep(3a\e. For the

Appendix H: Zeus Ktésios

1056

G. Kaibel cj. < Kadeo-dac ra anpa > tov KpoKiov, 'to let down the ends of the … the whole extract as follows : ' The right way to set up the signs of Zeus Ktesios … und die Dipylonvasen Leipzig 1905 pp. 18 ff., 45 ff.) the prbthesis-vase of the

1057

Roscher Lex. Myth. ii. 1149 fig. 5, P. Wolters in the Ath. Mitth. 1891 xvi. 379 … loc. cit. suggests olfioi (?) ; but cp. Souid. s.v. o'Lapoi ■ yvvdiices). (B) The coffin

1058

S. A. Kumanudis (Ann. d. Inst. 1864 xxxvi. 197 n. 2) transcribed the latter part … A. Conze's illustration is based on a copy by A. Postolakkas. The line was

1059

(3) Zeus Ktesios as Forefather buried in the House. … supported by the custom of burying infants less than forty days old in a sub- … in order to ensure their re-birth, and Frazer Golden Bough3: The Magic Art … Rand in the Class. Quart. 1916 x. 158 ff.) in Verg. Aen. 3. 63 Appuleius de … argued in Folk-Lore 1905 xvi. 296 ff. noting that the Genius of a man cor-

1060

evidently a family god of some kind, not to be confused with the Genius Iovis … no. 105, 25 = Dessau Inscr. Lat. sel. no. 4906, 16) who was but the Genius of an … conclusion based on the general similarity between the functions of the Genius … et omnes {idem Myth. Vat.)), etc.), who appeared in the form of a snake (Herr- … Religion Giessen 1913 pp. 146 n. 3, 153 f. ; and for the egg as an offering to the … Similarly we may suppose without any undue temerity that in Greece the … literary testimony to this custom can be cited; but the assertion here made

1061

the walls of the older Mycenaean palace five small stone-built graves with … prehistoric times he had been the … Tpe(pa>vios or Tpo(pdnvios, the great … des Zeus Ktesios' in the Ath. Mitth.

1062

(4) The Jars of Zeus Ktesios compared with the Jars of the Dioskouroi. … and A. J. B. Wace A Catalogue of the Sparta Museum Oxford 1906 p. 191 no. 575

1063

A. Michaelis in the Arch. Zeit. 1871 xxix. 145 n. 37, Wien. Vorlegebl. iv pi. 9, 8 a, … p. 304 f. fig. 84). On a base to the left are statues of the Dioskouroi wearing … hand extended over the altar (?). Away to the right is seen a rocky coast forming

1064

shore. The distance gives a very interesting view of the Anakeion {supra i. 107 … B. The Dioskouroi standing by their horses (Petersen loc. cit. p. 15 fig. 1). … F. The Dioskouroi reclining at the feast (Petersen loc. cit. p. 27 fig. 2). … vessels, like the great 'Dipylon' vases (cp. supra i. 766 n. 9), set up over the … parallel to the pots used throughout Africa etc. for the burial of a twin or of a

1065

were retained as signs of the divinised dead long after the custom in question … offerings to the dead were still placed in memorial jars by a special class of … Hence his title-Ktesios, 'god of Property,' which occurs in literature from … j3ovv XevKov (supra i. 717 n. 2), Corp. inscr. Att. iii. 2 no. 3854, if. from the

1066

eralpu) avTov 8enrva>v, k.t.X., cp. for the domestic celebration Isai. or. 8. 16 ko.\ rus … the sea (P. Perdrizet in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1894 xviii. 441 ff. no. 1 = Michel … fig. 917 a small altar or eo-\>dpa of volcanic stone inscribed Zevs Ktt](<tios)), … i^odviov = F. Hiller von Gaertringen in the Inscr. Gr. ins. iii no. 248, 13 = Michel … temple of Aphrodite, was bidden by an oracle to do so in the precinct of Apollon … —-G. Cousin ' Inscriptions du temple de Zeus Panamaros ' in the Bull. Corr. Hell.

1067

gr. no. 806), in Phrygia (G. Cousin 'Inscription d'Ormelle de Phrygie' in the … pavTevr] ^p\r]ap6s...\. 8]eis aTToXTji^r]. I should venture to restore and read the … unci Paphlagohien' in the Sitzungsber. d. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin 1888 p. 878 … ever received a handsomer offering than that of the white ox mentioned by … For full apparatus criticus see A. Ludwich ad loc. The most important variants … has two jars of evil for one of good' (cp. Pind. Pytk. 3. 143 ff- iv Trap' eo-\6v

1068

8e idmv = €Tepos pev Kanwv, erepos 8e edcov he cited II. "J. 417 f. But the idiom … pol. 2. 4. 1262 a 26 f. cpovovs dKovaiovs, tovs 8e £kovo-[ovs. Moreover, the existence … Of the sorry store is made a very scorn : … (7) Zeus Ktesios compared with the Di Penates. … kciI 8aip.ov€s oi Kare^ovTes tovtov rbv tottov, xaiPeT€)- The description was apposite ; … a staff and an earthenware jar (N.B. The tabula Iliaca in three separate places … p. 35 pi. 1, and cp. Helbig Wandgem. Camp. p. 310 no. 1380, id. in the Bull. d.

Appendix I: Zeus Agamémnon

1069

The evidence for the cult of Zeus 'Ayapepvcov at Sparta is as follows : Lyk. … 6 8e Aane8aip-6vios ' Ayapepvova Ala.. .o"f'/3et. … opatvvpos oiv tco AaTrepcrlcp Ait 6 Ayapepvcov, k.t.X. The cj. Aaica>viK.rjs is supported … With regard to the interpretation of this evidence ancient and modern views … title of Zeus, ' Erzwalter.' Gruppe Gr. Myth. Rel. p. 157 renders 'Zeus...der … 1894 p. 168 ff.) as implying an original *'Ayap.e8pcov (W. Prellwitz in the … Zeus. On the etymology see, however, K. Brugmann—A. Thumb Griechische

1070

S. 236 (der in fj.ea6fj.pr], 'Ayapepvav " durch eine Art von Metathesis 8p zu fiv … zur 50. Philol.-Vers. (1909) 13 ff.' Farnell Cults of Gk. States iv. 50 without … The worship of Zeus 'Apcptdpaos at Oropos is attested by Dikaiarch. 1. 6 … worth's cj. St' ,A(pi8vSjv or else 81 'A(pl8va>v. For the manuscript's 68ov...irp6o-avTa … S. 236 (der in fj.ea6fj.pr], 'Ayapepvav " durch eine Art von Metathesis 8p zu fiv … zur 50. Philol.-Vers. (1909) 13 ff.' Farnell Cults of Gk. States iv. 50 without … The worship of Zeus 'Apcptdpaos at Oropos is attested by Dikaiarch. 1. 6 … worth's cj. St' ,A(pi8vSjv or else 81 'A(pl8va>v. For the manuscript's 68ov...irp6o-avTa

Appendix J: Zeus Amphiáraos

1071

under the protection of Zeus appears from Pind. Nem. 9. 58 ff. 6 5' 'A/x0iap?; … As a parallel to this famous scene H. Usener in the Sitzungsber. d. kais. Akad. … pi. 9, figs., and for recent finds etc. F. Versace in the Ath. Milth. 1908 xxxiii. … Corns Attica etc. p. 115 pi. 20, 5) or even a female (U. Kohler in the Ath. Mitth.

1072

coins Amphiaraus is represented exactly in the guise of Asclepius, as a god … appears the head of Pan another partner in their cult (Paus. 1. 34. 3). … A possible doublet is "ApcpLos, brother of Adrastos and son of Merops the seer … i. 1949) as originally identical with "Aptpios, son of Selagos, who lived at Paisos … Leipzig 1891 p. 65, id. Gotternamen Bonn 1896 p. 355, id. in the Sitzungsber. d. … most we can assert that there is a tendency (satirised in the person of 'Ap.(pldeos … gott,' an ancient Sondergott (supra p. 13 n. 1) absorbed into the all-prevailing

Appendix K: Zeus Trephónios or Trophónios

1073

For the cult of Zeus Tpecpwvios or Tpoqbcovws at Lebadeia Rohde Psyche* i. … unless we may assume that a mention of Lebadeia has dropped out of the text, … supporting a statue of Epinike (on the back of the same base was recorded the … 6 lepevs tov Aids tov Tpocpcovlov Tpocpcoviavos (the priest being named after his god, … Further, at Lebadeia—as I urged in Folk-Lore 1904 xv. 301—Zeus bore the … of s. ii B.C. dealing with the half-built temple on Mt St. Elias to the W. of

1074

1 ff. = M. Holleaux in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1890 xiv. 19 ff. no. 10, 27 ff. = Ditten- … vaeTT] in the record of an oracle delivered soon after 178 B.C.). … mately related to the sky-god (either by descent (schol. II. 1. 176 citing Hes. … the relation is moralised by Themist. or. 6 p. 79 a—B 77 8k els av6pa>-rrovs aperf … Personennamen2 Gottingen 1894 p. 269), and Tpecpcov by the addition of a … Other appellatives of Zeus with the same general significance are collected and … the oracular building to a Kp'ifiavos or 'baking jar,-' i.e. one of the domical earthen

1075

was even said that the oracle was delivered by a snake (schol. Aristoph. nub. … stone tilPKore came in and found it: the stream springing from the spot, whence … (Loukian. dial. ?nort. 3. 1 f.), and as such received the rites due to a god (Charax … for Trophonios too was swallowed by the earth at a place in Lebadeia, where … and Trophonios as hypostases of Zeus: ' Sed indigetando ex uno hoc love

1076

But this explanation leaves unexplained the peculiar character of the Karaftdo-Lov. … Trophonios is said to have been succeeded at Lebadeia by St Christopher the … The cult of Zeus !'Ao-<\r]Tri6s at Epidauros, Hermione, and Pergamon is … M. Frankel in the Inscr. Gr. Pelop. i no. 1000 Epidauros [rS(?)]os 'iofujAioj … rightly reject it. M. Frankel in the Inscr. Gr. Pelop. i no. 1022 Epidauros … But this explanation leaves unexplained the peculiar character of the Karaftdo-Lov. … Trophonios is said to have been succeeded at Lebadeia by St Christopher the … The cult of Zeus !'Ao-<\r]Tri6s at Epidauros, Hermione, and Pergamon is … M. Frankel in the Inscr. Gr. Pelop. i no. 1000 Epidauros [rS(?)]os 'iofujAioj … rightly reject it. M. Frankel in the Inscr. Gr. Pelop. i no. 1022 Epidauros

Appendix L: Zeus Asklepiós

1077

le plus profond' and in the Ath. Mitth. 1899 xxiv. 385, 392 described as 'Zweig … a series of three deities ; but A. Boeckh loc. cit. and M. Frankel loc. cit. treat … o-Tecpavos rjv en tov lepov roi Alos 'Ao-kX^ttlov (for the wreath of Asklepios

1078

(3) Zeus Asklepios in Art. … weiss': accordingly he traces the canonical bearded type of Asklepios to the … Num. Comm. Pans. ii. 93 pi. S, 15, Rasche Lex. Num. v. 183 f.), and that the … p. 401, Head op. cit.2 p. 386 dating c. 86 B.C. to time of Augustus) and copper … wonderful ivory statue of Asklepios for Kyllene (Strab. 337). If this, like Zeus … cult-statue was decidedly Zeus-like in appearance—witness the silver {Brit.

1079

Num. Comm. Pans. i. 43 pi. l, 3, W. Wroth in the Num. Chron. Third Series … pi. 115, 12 f., Head Hist, num.2 p. 111. The shape of the seat varies from throne … in the Abh. d. berl. Akad. 1845 Phil.-hist. Classe p. 353 pi. 1, 13, Brit. Mus. Cat. … fig. 172, p. 206 pi. 41, 4), Pergamon—perhaps after the statue of Phyromachos … und die Asklepiaden' in the Abh. d. berl. Akad. 1843 Phil.-hist. Classe p. 352 f.

1080

p. 65 f. pi. 7, 3): cp. coins of Antoninus Pius (Rasche Lex. Num. i. 154, Suppl. i. … ' Asklepios und die Asklepiaden' in the Abh. d. berl. Akad. 1845 Phil.-hist. Classe

1081

conversant with the ways of men and able to cure their ailments. The difference

1082

metopes from the temple of Asklepios, carved in s. iv B.C. On his showing the … sceptre; his left was extended. An ample himdtion, draped over the back of … of his right hand. He might be a Harley Street consultant prescribing for a … pi. 33, 4), while coppers of Caracalla show Asklepios with … my collection. For other examples of Asklepios with the … snake that Asklepios came from Epidauros to Epidauros Limera on the east

1083

p. 1448 n. 7). Whether the snake followed by Antinoe, daughter of Kepheus and … Epidauros to Rome and duly domiciled on the island in the Tiber; he arrived … coppers of the gens Rubria (Babelon Monn. rep. rom. ii. 406 ff. nos. 5 f. and … greet the snake on its arrival. The galley, whose … Alexandros drove a roaring trade in oracles (ib. 19 ff.). A tube consisting of the

1084

oracles ' (ib. 26). The fame of Glykon spread to Italy and made a sensation at … Coppers of Nikomedeia in Bithynia struck by Caracalla and Maximus give … 562 pi. 97, 14). Amulets appear to confuse him with the Khnemu-snake (supra i. … 1913 ii Abh.) Wien 1913P. 136 ff.). Thus an agate in the Behr collection showed … ' Un monument du culte de Glycon ' in the Gaz. Arch. 1878 iv. 179 ff. with fig., … (Uskub) and Stoboi associates the beast with the false prophet (Corp. inscr.

1085

posuit). See further F. Cumont 'Alexandre d'Abonotichos' in the Memoires de … 'AyXcnrios (G. Dickins in the Ann. B?'it. Sch. Ath. 1904—1905 xi. 131 f. no. 1 … (F. Halbherr in the Mon. d. Line. 1889 i. 38 ff. C, 7 AIKAAPION). … AlcrxXaftios in the alphabet of Megara or Corinth on the leg of an archaic … AlcncXcnrios in the oldest Epidaurian inscription (P. Cavvadias Fouilles

1086

Aiscolapius in an inscription found in the Tiber {Corp. inscr. Lat. vi no. 30846, … Aisculapius in an inscription from the Tiber-island {Corp. inscr. Lat. vi no. 12, … the Ath. Mitth. 1883 viii. 109f. line 3, Collitz—Bechtel Gr. Dial.-Inschr. i. 384 … Bechtel Gr. Dial.-Inschr. iii. 1. 186 no. 3398/?, 21 Hermione ASK AAA gen. of … t]7ri6(ppaip (Bruchmann Epith. deor. p. 51, Gruppe Gr. Myth. Pel. p. 1441) of the … 40 f),—and 'Hwiovr], 'H77-1&) of his partner (Cornut. theol. 33 p. 71, 2 ff. Lang : see … Al. 1054, Favorin. lex. p. 296, 38 ff.), "Acn<Xr)s a supposed king of Epidauros

1087

in the quartier juif with ish-kalbi, Thomme-chien ' (C. Clermont-Ganneau in … (perhaps also the bird-names dcrKaXwnas, crKoXoTra^, and the insect-name ctkoAo- … Schlange).' A. Fick in the Beitrdge zur kunde der indogermanischen sprachen … for a snake. 'Ao-/caAa/3oy, 'lizard,' and da-KaXacpos, a species of 'owl' (Apollod. 2. … (6) Thessalian Kings as impersonations of Zeus. … Greeks and Romans alike regarded the soul of the dead as able to manifest itself … W. Wundt V'dlkerpsychologie Leipzig 1906 ii. 2. 72 ff, id. Elements of Folk … of Mt Pelion called Pelethronion (Nik. ther. 438 ff. with schol. and Eutekn. ad

1088

is more important to note that the earliest home of Asklepios was in central … dyvov j Trpcbrov 'A7roXAa>i'of ftoopov dvcrais MaXedra. Cp. J. Ziehen 'Uber die Lager … Salmoneus, the very type of a would-be Zeus (supra i. 12, 318), was a king … av. 250. K. Wernicke in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. i. i58of. suggests that the … Pal. Append. 1. 225. 1 (see R. Wiinsch in the Archiv f. Rel. 1904 vii. 95 ff.); … 'Ao-KXairibs Ka'iaap in W. R. Paton—E. L. Hicks The hiscriptions of Cos Oxford

1089

JEsculaftium and the Bollandist editors wrongly (?) comment : 'apud Cynozurim … Such an one might even be called Zeus TeXeto? (cp. the dedication 'A<Tn\r]7riS>i … {bardoaicullus), and boots {caligae): the upper part—head, hood, and cape—can

1090

no. 50 height without the peak 3 Danish inches, with it 4, S. B. Smith Kort … pieces of Gk. Sculpture pp. 277 n. 5, 300, E. Thraemer in Pauly—Wissowa Real- … Overbeck Gr. Plastik^.\\ 181). The Copenhagen bronze is inscribed OMORION … kultes ' in the Archiv f. Rel. 1913 xvi. 137—144 argues that the boundary-stone

1091

1831 p. 182 ff. and E. Gerhard in the Ann. d. hist. 1846 xviii. pi. s, 2^.1847 xix. 327ff. … Ti(beriani) co(mes). It should be noted also that a denarius of Augustus, struck … collection),—an excellent illustration of a mortal monarch aping the sky-god and … (1) Zeus Meilichios on the Kephisos. … ' So Theseus went on and came to the Kephisos. Here he was met by men … 1831 p. 182 ff. and E. Gerhard in the Ann. d. hist. 1846 xviii. pi. s, 2^.1847 xix. 327ff. … Ti(beriani) co(mes). It should be noted also that a denarius of Augustus, struck … collection),—an excellent illustration of a mortal monarch aping the sky-god and … (1) Zeus Meilichios on the Kephisos. … ' So Theseus went on and came to the Kephisos. Here he was met by men

Appendix M: Zeus Meilíchios

1092

entertainment, Theseus gave them charge over a sacrifice at the Oschophoria3. … {infra p. 1117 f.). It seems possible that this Myconian festival on Hekatombaion 7 was the … A highly moral explanation : but high morals are out of place in an early cult-title. … Robinson in the Am. fourn. Arch. 1905 ix. 302 no. 24 near Gherzeh (Karousa) Ad

1093

reference to the Phytalidai and their fig-culture ? Arguments in support of either … In may be urged that Zeus was notoriously sympathetic with the outcast … KaXeiaQai, where T. Reinesius' proposed alteration of 7Slei\ixioj>...Mei\ix'Lov.../j.<:l\ixa into … The recognition of Zeus 'E^aKeo-rrjp (Hesych. 'E£a/ce-

1094

0g \ long frames kept in the Prytaneion … in the direction of their acute angle … ycovLas). The Solonian laws were … grammarian attempts to identify the

1095

to it quadrangular pieces of wood, whose sides were flat and covered with lettering, … KvdiSaKas, (Scrre KLveiadai nai p,eTa<XTpecpeo-dai virb rCov CLvayivwcrKovriov). On the whole it … wooden amoves because he wished to represent them as the crepLva 6ep.e0\a Mkt]s (Solon … t6xvv d.yadrjv /cat kv8os oTr&ffcrcu (Plout. v. Sol. 3). The original form of his famous oath … pp. 173 ff., 416 pi. 80, 5. Seleukos, a grammarian of Alexandreia, wrote a whole treatise … Enc. ii. 2636, Liibker Reallex.8 pp. 153, 963 f., and the literature there cited. E. Beule

1096

and even as HikStas, himself 'the Suppliant1,'—a remarkable title depen- … 'A8r)va.lu)v Ad 'laealm). More doubtful is an inscription of s. ii B.C. from Netteia in … preserved in the Museum at Teuthis (Di- … remarks: ' The change of the final <x of … LKerelav de^d/neuos rjroi /card tovs naXaiobs eiireiv 'ucerodoxos t/cerat eiaiv dXX-^Xots. For the … ecpoptovres (cp. Hes. o.d. 121 ff.), and is implied in the history of Barnabas and Paul … Lykaon (supra i. 79 n. 6. There is a reminiscence of the Homeric passage in Nikolaos

1097

1098

hiktaios (P)1, 'the god of suppliants,' but also as hiktdr2, and aphiktor3, 'the … (1914) with cod. M. E. Fraenkel in the Zeitschrift fur vergleichende Sprachforschung … aXdaropos, AtV^uXos (frag. 294 Nauck2) " fxeyav dXdaropov " elirev. Farnell Cults of Gk. … 5 Orph. /z. daem. 73. 2 ff. cited infra Append. M fin., cp. supra i. 504 n. 2. The title … 6 The derivation of the word is doubtful (cjj. in A. Vanicek Griechisch-lateinisches … F. W. Sturz's ed. of et. Gud. p. 628, 17 ff. iraXafxvalos b tovs auTO%etpt (povevcavras … naXaitvatos (cod. D. omits the last word), Souid. s.v. TraXa/j.vatos=Thot. lex. s.v. iraXafi-

1099

appeal1/—titles which applied primarily to the sinner, secondarily to the god … of Classical Scholarship11 Cambridge 1906 i. 323 and L. Cohn in Pauly—Wissowa Real- … The essence of a irpoarpoirrj was that the supplicator and the supplicated should both

1100

of Purification1.' The exact relationship of all these appellatives and the growth … II. p. 768, 28 ff.). But symbolism proved a ready solvent {vide the comments of … Dr W. Leaf A Companion to the Iliad London 1892 p. 185 can still write : 'The epithets … pluribus dels in commune positis Darmstadii 1885 p. 17 adopts the same view. But K.

1101

(1) The bloodguilty man, appearing (i) The soul (nr/p) of the murdered … (2) The suppliant or stranger is not pursue the guilty. … OTrrjftei, Zeus of ^eivouriv dp al8o[- k.t.X.). … The protective and the punitive powers of Zeus are fused … A marble statue of Zeus Eemos by Papylos, a pupil of Praxiteles, was owned by C. … Praxitelis (K. L. von Urlichs cj. Pasitelis) discipuli). At Sparta—the former home of

1102

Zeus Meilichios as an angry god readily appeased by the man-slayer might … no. 546). The lower border of the relief bears an archaising inscription, which G. Kaibel … 7 This can be best made out in the case of the Erinyes. The following sequence of … Kausche ' Mythologumena Aeschylea' in the Dissertationes philologicae Halenses Halis … tion would have satisfied the Greeks themselves (supra i. 11 n. 5, 31 n. 3), and in Kypros … leg. x Gem. | optio 7 Censoris exs | voto perhaps has reference to the death of Nero.

1103

Very different is the explanation propounded by Monsieur S. Reinach in an … Round the temple is a large portions with eight arches a side, and three arched entrances … 4 On figs as a means of purification see Boetticher Baumkultus p. 437 f., J. Topffer … be inferred that there was a cult of Zeus Zu/cactos with cathartic rites, and that some … sending up a fig-tree to shelter him : the scene was laid at Sykea in Kilikia (Athen.

1104

to Zeus Meilichios may now be covered by the church of Saint Sabas1. If so2 … be wider before we can safely venture on an interpretation of the disputed … Roscher Lex. Myth. iv. 1617 connects this myth with the belief that the fig-tree was … the view of F. C. H. Kruse Hellas Leipzig 1826 ii. 1. 173 that the site of the altar is … with St Sabas the Gothic martyr (April 12), who suffered under Athanaricus in 372 a.d. … ii. 1. 146 ff., A. Furtwangler in the Sitzungsber. d. kais. bayr. Akad. d. Wiss. Phil.-hist.

1105

as consort of the latter1, had a separate precinct near by2, as had also on a larger … fourth-century relief of white stone, found near the Tsocha theatre in the Peiraieus … 2 Ch. D. Tsountas in the 'E</>. 'Apx- 1884 p. 169 line 44, W. Judeich op. cit. p. 383 n. 9. … p. 436 f. pi. 70, 4, P. Foucart in-the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1883 vii. 507 ff. pi. 18 (=my … 6 Not the priest (Foucart loc. cit.), but the husband (Svoronos loc. cit.) or son (Lowy … 8 I. Ch. Dragatses in the 'E0. 'Apx- 1886 p. 49 f. no. 1, Farnell Cults of Gk. States … kindly placed at my disposal by Miss Harrison. Height o'36m, breadth o-24m. Traces of … after Dragatses prints [KpLTo]l36\7] Ad MetAixiy. But this is inexact. The name of the de-

1106

The abundance vouchsafed by Zeus Meiltchios and the pig provided by his … from Phlious, Eukleides son of Kleagoras. Kleagoras was the man who painted

1107

personal belongings. Eukleides did not believe him. But when the men of … have sacrifice made to the god in his usual manner and declared that things … ische Skulptur2 Berlin 1907 p. 202, P. Foucart in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1883 vii. 509 … 5 Svoronos Ath. Nationalmus. p. 438 pi. 70, 3 ( = my fig. 945), P. Foucart in the Bull.

1108

aliens, freedmen, or slaves. And Foucart suggests1 that they formed a thiasos of … 1 P. Foucart in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1883 vii. 511 ff., id. in Daremberg—Saglio Did.

1109

be a Grecised form of the Semitic word for 'sailor,' and Baudissin himself ib. p. 36 n. 2 … orient. Rel. i. 398, Gr. Myth. Rel. p. 908 n. 3. A propos of the Semitic word for 'sailor'

1110

have come to Hebrew & Aramaic as a loanword from Assyrian, where the form is Malaku.' … F. C. Movers Die Phb'nizier Berlin 1841 i. 326 f. had already connected the words … may see the fusion of an original Greek with an incoming oriental god : 'une forme grec-

1111

further contends that in point of fact the Phoenicians recognised no such deity … Miss Harrison herself maintains that the cult of Zeus Meilichios was a case of … necting both the Thraco-Phrygian Zeus6 and the Graeco-Libyan Zeus7 with the … 1 Harrison Proleg. Gk. Rel.2 p. 18. Not but what there is ample evidence of serpent- … cyclopedia of Religion and Ethics Edinburgh 1908 i. 791—793. The sanctity of the serpent … 2 R. Dussaud ' Milk, Moloch, Melqart' in the Revue de Pkistoire des religions 1904 xlix.

1112

worshipped as an anguiform soul under the euphemistic appellation of Zeus 'the … Zeus 'of the Bees' (cp. Nik. ther. 611). Whether the allusion is to the infant Zeus of Crete … genannt worden.' But, as Gruppe himself is aware (op. cit. p. 908 n. 2 f.), the connexion … at Lavancher, a village near the Mer de Glace : the little inn, which had languished under … Lindsay) for the sake of avoiding an evil omen. Frazer Golden Bough3: Taboo p. 392 ff. … trate the trope antiphrasis : see Anonymos 7repi rpbivuv 14 (C. Walz Rhetores Graeci

1113

Confining our attention to the titles of Greek divinities, we note the following cases:— … 2. 551. 2 e-nr' 'AyecriXas for the meaningless inscr. ETTATEZIMH, Lact. div. Inst. r. 11 … n. 3), Ei)xair??s (J. Franz in the Ann. d. Inst. 1842 xiv. 136 ff. no. 1, 24 an oracle of Klaros, … ib. ii. 1228 f.), Hao-Lavai^ (on Megarian (?) imprecatory tablets of lead published by E. Zie- … Myth. iii. 2639 f-)> TloXvSeKTrjs {h. Dem. 9 with the note of E. E. Sikes ad loc, Cornut. … TiTjva tuju K€Kp.7]k0t(jjv, where T. Birt would read At'a for Zr/va with the citation in et. Gud.

1114

pretations. Some, narrowing its range overmuch, would see in it the description … (5) A daughter of Zeus by Persephone was MelXlvSt] ? (so C. A. Lobeck for MrfKivor) in … p. 402 ff. fig. 26, R. Franz ' De Callistus fabula' in the Leipziger Studien ziir classischen … (7) The bogus snake-god of Abonou Teichos was Y\1>kwv (supra Append. L p. 1083 ff.). … (Cults of Gk. States iii. 137), 'in the cults of the powers of the lower world, in the worship … lies the efficacy of Euphemism. You call the Fairies " Kindly Ones " ; behind the conscious

1115

appears to have borne a chthonian character. A roughly squared block of Pen- … 1 S. Reinach ' Le sanctuaire d'Athena et de Zeus Meilichios a Athenes' in the Bnll.

1116

the bed of the Ilissos, discovered in the two reservoirs beneath the rocky barrier

1117

his right, seated on a rock (P)1. Before him is an altar of rude stones. Beyond it … 2 to ! \ L" HHAI = \s> SeTva a.v~\edt)Kev Ncu[y All]. The lettering is hardly later

1118

of the reservoirs above-mentioned must be located1 that sanctuary of the Nymphs … p. 292), id. in the JlpaKT. dp%. er. 1893 p. 123.

1119

terranean springs. Pliny, or his authority, was probably1 thinking of the site, … 3 A. N. Skias in the TLpaKT. dpx- er. 1893 p. 130 ff. pi. A with inset ( = my fig. 950). … to the Christian church on the Ilissos-'island' (see R. Rangabe in the Bull. d. Inst. 1850 … fecisset agonem edidit bibliothecamque miri operis instruxit). The real site of the temple of

1120

grander lines : it met at Athens and included all the Greek states, not merely those … Hefiaarbv '0\vfx\iriov Tlav eW-qv iov veov YlvBiov, G. Radet in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1887 xi.

1121

With his cult on the Ilissos I would connect both a local myth and a local … dyLovoderrjs tuiv /ueydXcov HaveWr/vluv). It would even seem that at Athens the god Hadrian … The foundation of the llaveWr)viov in 131 A.D. (P. Cavvadias Fouilles d''Epidaure Athenes … dywvoOerris tQv /jieydXwv HaveWr/vluv) known as the IlaveXXrivia (Corp. inscr. Att. iii. 1 … Gr. sept, i no. 49, 7 Megara HaveWrjvia \ iv 'Adr)vais, E. L. Hicks The Collection of … J. R. S. Sterrett in Papers of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens Boston … dyuvodeTrjs twv fxeyd\wv HaveWrjviijjv) implies that the contest was organised also as … the epheboi, who began their course in Boedromion, must have ended it in Metageitnion :

1122

not to destroy him utterly, Zeus granted the request. He came into the home … all the birds, and granting him to guard the sacred sceptre and to draw near to … From what source Antoninus Liberalis, a compiler of the second century A.D. … typical) poses as Zeus and is consequently punished by the real Zeus. This … 3 H. Usener in the Rhein. Mus. 1868 xxiii. 357 ( — id. Kieine Schriften Leipzig—Berlin … 5 He harps on derivatives of (paiuoj, real or supposed: Hepicpas.. .<pavr)vai.. .(privyf... … 8 H. Usener in the Rhein. Mus. 1868 xxiii. 357 ( = id. Kieine Schriften Leipzig—

1123

daughter of Hypseus and became by her the father of Antion and the grand- … inter alia that Perithoidai, a deme of the tribe Oineis (A. Milchhofer in Pauly—Wissowa … 5 The commonly received opinion that the Achaeans were an Aeolian people is

1124

corr. ~NavwXlip)- ' Zed wavalXvwe (P. Wolters in the Ath. Mitth. 1903 xxxviii. 197 notes a … ' It is clear that our passage was a stock instance with the grammarians, and that all the … Literary allusions to the third bowl of Zeus 'Zojrrjp will be found e.g. in Pind. Isthm. … The chthonian character of the god is well brought out by Aischylos. In supp/. 24 ff.

1125

drink for the soul of a dead man. As such it was duplicated by the cup of … In Ag. 1385 ff. Klytaimestra describes the third and fatal blow dealt by her hand : rat … On the whole it seems probable that the Agathos Daimon or ' Good Spirit' was … and associated with his usual partner, Agathe Tyche (L. Stephani in the Compte- … a horn in his left (G. Kdrte in the Ath. Mitth. … the contention of J. Neuhaeuser De Graecorum

1126

i-n-'iKK-qcnv ravrriv Aids TeK/iaipoiro elvai. Others besides Pausanias took the Agathos Theos … a fillet, rev. the bearded god standing withphidle and comu copiae (B. Pick in the Jahrb. … in the Jahrb. d. kais. deutsch. arch. Inst. 1898 xiii. 157 ff. pi. 10,

1127

cp. also a cameo plaque of blue glass now in the British Museum {Brit. Mus. Marbles iii … a copy of Euphranor's statue. Plin. nat. htst. 36. 23 in his list of marble works by Praxiteles … thence to Delos, and even to Rome. According to the foundation-legend of Alexandreia, … io(36Xa fcoa with the addition in cod. A eKeXevae 5e 6 'AXi^avSpos reus cpvXa^c tQv olkwv … (part of a charm to secure wealth, in which a waxen man begs with his right hand, holds … <i>oivLKes 8e aiVo (sc. the snake) 'Ayadbv Aaipova KaXovaLV. bp,oiws Kai AiyvirTioi Kvrjcp

1128

billon coins there with the reverse type of a serpent enfolding … contorniate medal shows him as the v<?os 'AiroWwv, vios Aibvvaos … Chougafa Munich 1901 pi. 1). Another rock-cut tomb, known locally as 'the grave of … bearing phidle and cornu copiae to the right and a female figure bearing oinochde and cornu … Sarapis or Plouton) and Agathe Tyche (M. Buiard in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1907 xxxi. … Daremberg—Saglio Diet. Ant. i. 131 fig. 173)- A small relief of s. iii A.D. in the Palazzo … romano' in the Bull. Comm. Arch. Comun. di Roma 1910 xxxviii. 150—160 fig. 1

1129

had their counterpart in another Greek custom. ' Food that fell from the tables,' … But she must cry: ' For the Corinthian guest1 !' … 1. 10. Cp. also the 'AyadoSaL/xouiaTai (Hesych. s.v.) or 'Ayado5aifj.ovia.aTai (Aristot. eth. … case of asyndeton, not of apposition. Cp. e.g. Herond. 2. 67 f.). … 'Aya60Sa.fj.ov [Inscr. Gr. Sic. It. no. 2406, 109, P. Wolters toe. cit.). Cp. a fragment of … (Eur. frag. 664 Nauck2). The Euripidean passage is parodied by Kratin. fab. inc. frag.

1130

Secondly, the buried chieftain was Epopsios because he kept an eye on … The adjective eirb-fyios is used in this sense by Soph. Phil. 1040f. dXX', co warpiia 777 … KaPe'/Aio-Ta or the like), croi 8e Orfpiuv | iJ/3/hs re /cat Siktj fxiXei, Soph. El. 174 f. eri /xeyas … 7 A stone pillar (height i'o™, breadth o"23m), found on the site of Itanos {Erimopoli) … avio-TTjae (nrfXas Kai rds tov ijXiov Tpoirds KaTeypdxpaTo. The rosette or star, which figures … For "Eirb^pios as a title of Apollon see supra i. 737 n. 9.

1131

to win Lamia1 owes something to popular confusion with the title Epopsios'1. … \e-yerai... With this allusion* to the hoopoe O. Hofer in Roscher Lex. Myth. iii. 2566 … 384, followed by many scholars, attributed the fragment to Sophokles' Tereus: see A. C. … ti2 ffvvOifxaTi, Kpe'iTTov ^arat Kal ?rt p.v7)ixovLKu>Tepov Troiei... The sequel deals with a yet … Ail. de nat. an. 10. 16, 16. 5) looks like a parallel to the tale of Periphas, but is perhaps

1132

Merops an early king of Kos1. Behind such traditions lie definite beliefs. It … cp. Ant. Lib. 18 and DArcy W. Thompson A Glossary*of Greek Birds Oxford 1895 … 4 //. 2. 100 ff. (Hephaistos made the sceptre for Zeus, from whom it passed successively … ■wefj.fj.dTwv ir\ripr)s. The worship of sceptre or spear was characteristic of a primitive age: … Examples of the cult are collected by De Visser De Gr. diis non ref. spec. hum. p. 90 f.

1133

to the king as weather-maker, and the eagle on it was no mere decoration1 … 1884 pp. 3—42 contains a rich collection of material. Here we are concerned only with … iv. 59 pi. 251, 1), the woodpecker-on-post (Dion. Hal. ant. … bridge (J. H. Middleton The Lewis Collection of Gems and Rings … Flinders Petrie Tanis London 1888 ii. 2. 9, J. T. Bent 'The … 340 s.v. 'Regalia,' ib. xxi. 385 s.v. 'Sceptre,' Folk-Lore 1906 xvii. 315, The Daily … by one Terentius Varro pro quaestore have obv. varro • pro q, a filleted bust of Iupiter

1134

but an actual embodiment of Zeus1, which conferred upon its holder the … there are denarii with the same type—Babelon op. cit. … Cohen ib. no. 1208 fig. shows a second brass with the … 4 Mrs H. Jenner Christian Symbolism London 1910 p. 41 f.: 'The Eagle is chiefly … 8 See the pedigrees in Gerhard Gr. Myth. p. 227 f. (' Lapithen und Phlegyer'). … Kara yXGxraav nva, ws Zoinev. A. Fick in the Zeitschriftfur vergleichende Sprachforschung … Greece' in the Class. Rev. 1894 viii. 381 ff. and, for the bird-tribes of Greece and Italy,

Plate 44

The central slab from the Eastern Frieze of the Parth^0 P k ^e ntual Apotheosis of the King and Queen at Athens :

1135

the sons of Stilbe by Apollon1, or by the contiguity of the Olympieion to the … The myth of Periphas comes to us from an age that had largely forgotten … prima facie connect the Athenian king with Zeus, or Zeus with the Athenian king, will … nati, Tritopatreus, Eubuleus, Dionysus. This passage forms part of the Catalogue of the

1136

their attendants the sacred peplos and two cushioned diphroi. Of these diphroi … 4 If it be objected that the (3aai\evs had no right to masquerade in the costume of … pe~plos is really the same garment as a man's himation, both being essentially an oblong

1137

and ' queen; will take their places on the dtphroi set for them between the … improbable ('Aii.. .appellativisch (wie divus)') restoration of the mutilated text Corp. inscr. … 2 It seems likely that Pheidias had already employed the same principles of com- … summarised by H. Hitzig—H. Blunmer ad loc. Personally, I hold that the grouping of … worthies] of Athens of Delphoi iirtbvv)xoi\ … Head of … In both cases alike Pheidias' design portrays a virtual apotheosis—humanity raised to the

1138

(7) The Diasia. … ' Whether the greatest festival spoken of was in Attike or elsewhere, was a … what was, in reality or pretence, quite a pretty piece of politico-religious plotting5. … 'AOrjvalots, Atdcria d KaXeirai, Aids eopri) MeiXixiov /aeyiaTt], k.t.X. ' For the Athenians … on Loukian. Tim. 7 cj. dXA' ayva dvpaTa eirixdipia. O. Band op. cit. p. 4 regards the

1139

It remains to determine the place, time, and character of the Diasia. O. Band1 … which may be meant for Theokosmos' masterpiece, and a Zeus striding to the right with … Head Hist, num.- p. 394), in which—since the god sometimes has a base—we must … crvvovres ioprd^ovcnv (a paraphrase of Thouk. 1. 126 cited supra p. 1138 n. 2) = Favorin. … high antiquity and convenient proximity. It is not, however, so aptly described by the … was 'full' (30 days) or 'hollow' (29 days): see the discussion and tables in A. Schmidt

1140

The ritual of the Diasia is imperfectly known. Thoukydides' statement that … We bring you what the goddess sends, … Poppo on Thouk. 1. J26) a propos of the scholion iepeia- irpbfiaTa says curtly ' Immo … 3 p. 486, 27 ft". Keil: Probus and Diomedes connect the custom with the cult of Diana … Spirits of Corn and Wild ii. 95 11. 2 have made full collections of the literary evidence. … 1)), or by a terra-cotta pig (so with those from the precinct of^Demeter and Kore at Tegea

1141

Kylon's mistake suggests that already in the seventh century the Diasia was … or from that of Persephone at Tarentum (Sir A. J. Evans in the Journ. Hell. Stud. 1886 … 1892 no. 2839 pi. 7, G. F. Hill A Handbook of Greek and Roman Corns London 1899

1142

or Zeus Xe'nios1, but never as Zeus Meilichios—a sufficient proof that the author, … At the altar of this deity, who is called indifferently Zeus Swr-^p or Zeus Eevtos, the … the Ilissos : cp. supra p. 1118 n. 4. … schol. Aristoph. Lys. 601. See further H. Usener ' Milch und Honig' in the Rhein. Mus.

1143

Outside Athens the cult of Zeus Meiltchios seems to have borne a similar … of Septimius Severus and Plautilla (fig. 963) make him hold an eagle or a Nike … in his hands6. F. Imhoof-Blumer and P. Gardner suggest that the Zeus enthroned … 1 Paus. 2. 20. 1 f. with Sir J. G. Frazer and H. Hitzig—H. Blumner ad loc. The … pieces of Gk Sculpt, p. 224, E. A. Gardner A Handbook of Greek Sculpture London 1897 … Imhoof-Blumer and P. Gardner loc. cit., id. in the Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Peloponnesus

1144

of Zeus (fig. 961) being 'decidedly fine and early' is perhaps 'a reminiscence of … From Argos to Sikyon3, as the crow flies, is less than five-and-twenty miles. … Ne/xetos, 461 Zeus Havbirrris, ii. 704 ff. Zeus as a cuckoo, 712 ff. Zeus as partner of Hera, … supra i. 371 n. 1) and suppose a pillar-cult of some sort, 2. 19. 8 (iu/ibs'TeTiov Aibs [infra § 9 … Tip ^aX^eta) KelaOai TavrdXov. The word xaX/ceto^, which has been much misunderstood … fig. 500, Forrer Realle^. p. i48f. fig. 146; the handle of another cista from Palestrina in … :i I pass by Epidauros, because the evidence for a cult of Zeus Meilichios in that town … Inscr. Gr. Pelop. i no. 1272 in letters of s. iii b.C. A<t> PO AITAS AAIAI XIAZ; [£tis - … I do not, of course, mean to imply that the Sicyonians were averse from the Zeus-types

1145

of pyramidal form occur sporadically from Egypt to Italy1; and, if Eumelos … 10 = my fig. 965): cp. the obverse type of a ^«a«'-autonomous coin … P. Gardner loc. cit. rightly see in the British Museum coin an illustration of Pans. 2. 9. 6 … pyres and similar structures of funerary import must be taken into account along with … (a) The stepped pyramid at Saqqara built by Zosiri of the third dynasty (G. Maspero … Eindritcke aus Griechenland Basel 1857 p. 327), that of Cestius on the via Ostiensis (A. … cit. i. 3. 659 f, H. Jordan ib. Berlin 1871 ii. 405 b). A pyramid of the sort is grouped … (c) The stepped tomb of ' Ryros' on the site of Pasargadai (C. F. M. Texier Description

1146

is to be trusted, the eponymous king Sikyon, son of Marathon son of Epopeus, … Voyage pittoresque de la Grece Paris 1782 i. 144 ff. pis. 85—89, Antiquities of Ionia pub- … Further cp. the pyramids built above the rock-cut tombs of the Maccabees at Modin … Perrot—Chipiez Hist, de IArt iv. 361), the three pyramids built near Jerusalem by … the pyramid, decorated with Argive shields, beneath which the followers of Proitos and … All these and other related types (cones etc.) ought to be made the subject of a thorough-

1147

but another form of metiefa, metioeis, Zeus the ' Magician1.' And Pelops too we … closely resembles that of Zeus … p. 455: autonomous copper struck after c. 146 B.C. oh). AAEOZ Bearded head of Aleos

1148

gift of a pe'plos1. Notice too that, just as the safety of Athens depended on … obv. Head of Eileithyia (?) with torch at her shoulder; rev. [TJETEATAN and type … Taboo p. 317, ib:'\ Balder the Beautiful i. 83 n. 1. … 9 Sir J. G. Frazer ' The Prytaneum, the Temple of Vesta, the Vestals, Perpetual Fires'

1149

taken attempt to explain the title Kldrios, which has been better interpreted by … At Orchomenos in Boiotia, the great stronghold of the Aeolian Minyai3, … Gr. Arc. Lac. Mess, ii no. 6, 83 and 89, ii nos. 39, 40, 41, 173, 174), the names of the … e8d<pov) e<Tx<*PaL suggests that Zeus KXdpios of Tegea drew his title hence. … (2) Immerwahr Kult. Myth. Arkad. p. 29 takes Zeus KXdpws to be 'god of … 3 On the Minyai as Aeolians see A. Fick in the Zeitschrift fitr vergleichende Sprachfor-

1150

of Zeus1 by the Danaid Hesione2 or by Hermippe daughter of Boiotos3. Alleged … Roscher Lex. Myth. iii. 939 f. conjectures that the mother's name was 'laovbrj: but … 5 The genealogy of Minyas is very variously given : see in primis schol. Pind. Isthvi. … 'Ereo/c\eos yeveaXoyovai, Aiovdaios (quisl Perhaps the Rhodian, cp. schol. Pind. Pyth. … 6 H. Schliemann Orchomenos Leipzig 1881 p. 56 fi. = id. 'Exploration of the Boeo- … 7 H. Schliemann Orchomenos p. 58 = /^. in the Journ. Hell. Stud. 1881 ii. 139 ('a slab … apxov I .............tov '^pp-rj Kal Mtvva, which proves a definite cult of Minyas. Br 1889 a … conclude that they were the souls of bygone Thespian kings?

1151

had served with Alexander the Great in Asia, returned home and testified their … 2 P. Foucart in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1885 ix. 404 no. 15, Inscr. Gr. sept, i no. … 3 Diod. 4. 29, Paus. 9. 26. 6 (with Thespia daughter of Asopos as alternative eponym). … 0 See Sir J. G. Frazer on Paus. 9. 26. 7 and the authorities cited supra i. [78 n., 782. … and Themis p. 282 f. fig. 73. I am indebted to Miss Harrison for the photograph, from

1152

' When Oidipous died, his friends thought to bury him in Thebes. But the … there. But the inhabitants of the village, being visited with sundry misfortunes, … night in the sanctuary of Demeter—for they did not know the locality. When … the name Oidipous, 'Swell-foot,' actually denoted a snake, being a euphemistic … citing Arizelos, of whom nothing further is known (Frag. hist. Gr. iv. 340 Miiller). … presupposes a union of Zeus with the earth-goddess.

1153

appellation for the swollen coils of the creature appropriate to a chthonian hero1.

1154

Again, the buried hero would be responsible for the growth of all living things. … Now mallows and asphodel were the common vegetable food of the Boeotian … distinguishable from that of Zeus Meilichios6. There is, I think, that much of … 1 Heydemann Vasensamml. Neapel p. 415 f. no. 2868 pi. 7, B. Quaranta in the Real … from Millingen's coloured plate and Heydemann's facsimile of the inscription. … (Cougny Anth. Pal. Append. 2. 120). A. Boeckh in the Corp. inscr. Gr. iv no. 8429 … that Porphyrios found the epigram in the Aristotelian piplos (see Eustath. in II. p. 285, … the Class. Quart. 1920 xiv. 128 f. … 6 Cp. Inscr. Gr. sept, ii no. 1329 an inscription in lettering of s. ii b.C. found at Akketsi … Zei)s x^ovlos?' This suggestion should not be tossed on one side till the evidence adduced

1155

thunders of Zeus Chthdnios1. When the moment of departure comes and … The demolition of a mosque at Larissa in Thessaly brought to light two … s Ath. Mitth. 1886 xi. 336, S. Reinach in the Rev. Arch. 1887 ii. 79, id. Chroniques … 4 For this appellation of Hekate at Larissa cp. laser. Gr. sept, ii no. 575, 2 f. ev^aro: … 63 lays the scene in Seriphos and makes Akrisios struck on the head, cp.fab. 273. Further … figured Vases in American Museums Cambridge Mass. 1918 p. 94 ('The Foundry … ii. 139 ff. no. 1357, F. T. Welcker in the Mon. ed. Ann. d. Inst. 1856 p. 37 f. pi. 8, … 10 On a red-figured hydria at Boston (P. Hartwig 'Danae dans le coffre' in the Mon.

1156

Phrygian Kronos1. It seems probable, therefore, that Akrisios was the royal … to equate him with Arkesios or Arketsios, a clipped form of Arkesilaoss, god of … Piot 1903 x. 55—59 pi. 8, J. D. Beazley op. cit. p. 51 f. fig. 32 ('The Painter of the … 'Aieplfftos from the former, Ocrisia from the latter and cp. Hesych. 'A/cpia- 17 'Ad-qva iv … p. 411 proposed to connect the Phrygian 'AKpiaias with Hesych. AKpiariv Kkinrpiav … 8 A. Fick in the Beitrage ztcr kunde der indogermanischen sprachen 1906 xxx. 279 : … (fig.) cp. the other rock-cut inscriptions from the same locality ib. no. 1317 Ze(v)s | t[<2>]i> … 12 E. Pernice in the Alh. Mitth. 1893 xviii. 91. no. 4 = Inscr. Gr. ins. v. 1 no. 727 on … and F. Hiller von Gaertringen locc. citt. regard the line after O as a mere crack.

1157

Saint Anna beyond Boundki at Chios1. A dedication to the same god has been … AIOXANAAHIOY = Aids 'Ava{8)w(r)ov, 'of Zeus who sendeth up his Gifts from … At Mestd, six kilometers S.E. of the capital, is a place still called Olympi, where was … 3 A. E. Kontoleon in the Ath. Mitth. 1890 xv. 134, S. Reinach Chroniques d''Orient … 4 F. Halbherr in the Museo Italiano di antichita classica 1890 iii. 62 r f. no. 39 … 6 Sir C. T. Newton A History of Discoveries at Halicarnassus, Cnidus, and Branchidce … and interprets as Aios MeiX[i%ioi;] with inventory number. In addition to this mark of … with hesitation that f may be a numeral. He thinks that the name, Harpokras or the like,

1158

1 By a stroke of luck,' says Kleitophon1, 'we happed upon a sacred month of … It may be inferred from this passage, not only that the Alexandrines had a … Coppers of Alaisa, struck during Timoleon's war with the Carthaginians (340 B.C.), … p. lxvii ... IA AO[Z] I M E I AIX105! on the reverse of a copper struck by Augustus. … o-Tpdra, I Mi'/ca, | Xoipiva. P. Paris in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1887 xi. 345 f. no. 15 at

1159

It remains to gather up the results of our enquiry. Early Greek kings, … Verstorbenen" zu vergleichen.' The context rightly maintains that previous derivations … The word *5a<n-p.wv is perhaps related to the name Aacrt^os or Aafrfios. Adcrifios … of the same family, is mentioned in the bronze tabulae Heracleenses (Inscr. Gr. Sic. It. … Lipsiae 1905 no. 18 i, 5, 9, ii, 1, 5, 8). The /-form of this name occurs in AA£IMO£ … schriften Gutersloh 1894 p. 2i7f.). The foregoing can hardly be separated from the definitely

1160

backward to the Golden Age when men lived 'as gods' and the soil was fruitful … Or now again chilling the poor man's blood. … It was pointed out by H. Usener6 that every important conception of a god … 5 The relation of Saip.oju to 8e6s is a thorny topic, which cannot be dismissed in a … 7 The evidence is well presented in Roscher Lex. Myth. iii. 2305—2308 by that … backward to the Golden Age when men lived 'as gods' and the soil was fruitful … Or now again chilling the poor man's blood. … It was pointed out by H. Usener6 that every important conception of a god … 5 The relation of Saip.oju to 8e6s is a thorny topic, which cannot be dismissed in a … 7 The evidence is well presented in Roscher Lex. Myth. iii. 2305—2308 by that

Appendix N: Zeus Phílios

1161

We begin with 'Athens. The priest of Zeus Philios was a personage of … in the archonship … to the Augustan age. … supplied to me by Miss Harrison. The

1162

akin to a divinised ancestor? In view of our discovery1 that at an ordinary … and a table bearing flat and pointed cakes (pyramides made of wheat and … 3 An important consideration during a repast, when the mouth must be opened and … Inschrift' in the Sitzungsber. d. kais. bayr. Akad. d. Wiss. Phil.-hist. Classe 1897 i.

1163

of which would be eked out by means of colour. Behind the goddess stands a … Agathos Daimon. This being so, we should have expected Philia, the feminine … rod 6eov €>t\t'cu | Kal Tvxyi 'Ayadr)l tou 8eov yvvaiKl. Since the names of the three … pp. 543—606 ('The union of gods and men'). The statement 'that Easter falls in the

1164

partly from modern folk-song1, that the Greeks of old aspired to an actual … Mr Lawson might have found further support for his theory in the rich storehouse of … cS 5vo-vu[j.<pevTe, 7. 492. 6 (? Anyte of Mitylene) vvi±<piov dXX 'Aldijv Krjbeptbv evpbpeQa, … take a wife unto me; | The black earth for my wife I take, the tombstone as her mother | … wedding, | Hades I for my husband have, the tomb for my new mother'—from the dirge … der Neugriechen Leipzig 1871 i. 232 f. had already drawn attention to this group of ideas,

1165

Boetticher Baumkultns pp. 445—455 begins his article on the myrtle by distinguishing … These authors by no means exhaust the topic, which deserves fuller investigation. It … Muller) ap. schol. Soph. O. C. 681: illustrated supra i. 220 f. fig. 163, E. Liibbert in the … yevvwaiv coenrep i] yrj]. The poppy of Demeter (Gruppe Gr. Myth. Rel. p. 1179 n- 2) was … heads, as well as myrtle-wreaths, played their part in the Eleusinian initiation {supra i. … Lastly, o-icr6p.l3pioi> or ' bergamot-mint' {mentha aquaticd) was used for the bride- … georg. frag. 2. 57 ap. Athen. 684 b), but on account of its aphrodisiac properties. If the

1166

rank, henceforward he can read a deeper meaning in the old-world wedding- … (xii. 124 Kiihn) of the other variety orav p.ev £ripbv rj, tt}s rpLrris earl rd^eusrwv tfpcuvbvTWv … used by initiates in the rites of Sabdzios, and from him apparently quoted by Hesych. s.v. … Porph. de abst. 1. 1. Probably the so-called proverb was a very ancient charm employed … KadevBeiv Kibbiov; the attempts of the editors to extract sense from the latter line are far

1167

Nor was this union one of merely physical fruition. The Greek was capable … drenched with rain4, the man in the street cried out upon 'loved Zeus.' And … to the Final Cause in met. 12. 7. 1072 b 3 f. Kivei 5?) <i>s ipdi/nevov, Kivovp.evov be TaXXa Kivel. … 108. 4 (Antipatros) rj pa fxaT-qv, Tied <piXe, /3o0? iyivov. It is obvious that the phrases ZeO … 15 Furtwangler Vasensamml. Berlin ii. 549 ff. no. 2278, C. Lenormant in the Ann. d. … 7 Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. v. 1152—1156 record twenty-two bearers of the name.

1168

of Absolute Beauty, timeless, changeless, formless,—the beatific vision which … For all our toil while on the road. … 4 W. Lowrie Christian Art and Archeology New York 1901 pp. 221—223, L. von … 5 Aristoph. ran. 85 es p.andpwv euojxiav, cp. Plat. Phaid. 115 d. Notice the schol. … IloXuapxos, and the like {supra p. 1113 n. o no. (2)), it is at least possible that he bore

1169

The flashes come and go ; … And deepens on and up I the gates … Strown and the tables ready, door ajar, … Drink, and go home again, like Zeus the Friendly3. … in a decree of 277/6 B.C.

1170

chthonian powers1, had a couch set for him and a table spread. The rite was … 4 A. Furtwangler in the Sitzungsber. d. kais. bayr. Akad. d. Wiss. Phil.-hist. Classe … 5 F. Robiou ' Recherches sur l'origine des lectisternes' in the Rev. Arch. 1867 i. … Ant. ii. 15—17, C. Pascal ' De lectisterniis apud Romanos' in the Rivista di filologia … J. E. Sandys A History of Classical Scholarship'1 Cambridge 1906 i. 200. … S. Eitrem in the Class. Rev. 1921 xxxv. 20 finds an illustration of these struppi in a … Halle (Saale) 1921 pis. 23, 24) : ' on a mighty lectus you see on the torus not two recumb-

1171

object known as struppus was placed on the couch of Castor1. We gather, then, … Cp. the woollen effigies of the Lares hung up at the cross-roads during the Compitalia … derived from the Lucernae fictiles Musei Passerii Pisauri 1739—1751 iii pi. 51 (A. Bouche-

1172

occasion, when Seleukos was sending back to Athens the statues of Harmodios … specimens in my collection. The identification of the personage seen above the couch has … Iuno and Minerva each a sella (Val. Max. 2. 1. 2), while the magistrates and senate took … sac(rum) | etc. to that of E. Bormann and H. Dessau qui | . ... Lov(is) epul{o), sac(ris) \ … p. ior, 16 f. Baiter (in J. C. Orelli's ed. of Cicero Turici 1833 v. 2. 101). But a closer … The adjective dapalis, ' sumptuous,' is most frequently found as an epithet of cena

1173

Fowler conjectures that Iupiter himself was originally identified with the flesh, … 1 W. Warde Fowler The Religious Experience of the Roman People London 1911 … B. J. Polenaar on Gaius inst. 1. 112 cp. Adorea as goddess of martial glory (Hor. od. 4. … paedia of Religion and Ethics Edinburgh 1908 i. 166—-175. … B I. C. Dragatses in the 'E0. 'Ap%. 1885 p. 89^ no. b', Svoronos Ath. Nationalmus.

1174

are traces of a third head. The whole is enclosed by an architectural framework, … On the other hand, the same site yielded two reliefs representing a snake … As before3, we must suppose that the snake figures the soul of the divinised … - (1) I. C. Dragatses in the AeXr. 'Apx- 1888 p. 135, Corp. inscr. Att. iv. 2 no. 1572*: … 4 This explains the otherwise inexplicable gloss of Hesych. 0tXt6s (Soping corr. cpi\ios,

1175

repeat the types in question but, having no inscribed dedication, cannot be … porting a large round basket on her head. The fact that in reliefs of this sort … 5 irpbs $l\Lqv Alos Ioul. or. 2 p. 123, 9 Hertlein, or. 3 p. 165, 23 Hertlein, Aineias of

1176

One1,' 'yes, by the Friendly One'V 'no, by your Friendly One and mine3.' … Friends in general swore by Zeus PMlios^, who came to be looked upon as the … 95 p. 694 ov fxa tov Ofxb-yviov tov ipbv re Kal gov. We have a similar usage of the pos- … 5 Phrynichos the 'Atticist' (c. 180A.D.) in Bekker anecd. i. 34, 14 (cited supra p. 1092

1177

was naturally included among the stock epithets of Zeus2. … In particular the epithets Sextos and $tXtos are often combined: Plout. v. Arat. 54 … the chthonian powers !), schol. Eur. Andr. 603 'i'tXtof ...7) Xeiirei to Ata, Iv y <&iXiop Ata, … k.t.X. The restoration is doubtful : see G. Kaibel and E. Cougny ad loc.).

1178

the two deities were certainly of similar origin and somewhat similar character. … 4 H. Brunn in the Sitzungsber. d. kais. bayr. Akad. d. Wiss. Phil.-hist. Classe 1880

1179

to us Orestes and Pylades were revered by the Scythians as Philioi Daimones\ … From Arkadia we pass to Pergamon. 'The Pergamenes themselves,' says … ' <Pi\ioi Acti/uoves.' He also mentions a bronze tablet in the Ore'sieion inscribed with the … 5 Diod. 15. 72, Pans. 8. 27. 3ft'. Prof. J. B. Bury in the Journ. Hell. Stud. 1898 … ii. 285 fig. 201 c, C. Robert in the Jahrb. d. kais. deutsch. arch. Inst. 1887 ii. 245 ft'. … 7 Pergamon v. 2. 1—54 with numerous illustrations and an Atlas of plates (my fig. 979 … 8 T. Mommsen in the Corp. Inscr. Lat. iii Suppl. no. 7086, 18 ff. =M. Frankel Die … quos ea res pertinebit. The official description ib. 13 = 5 [aywv 5evr~\epos nap' vp.elv iepos

1180

are called in another inscription the Traianeia Deiphileia1. From the double … men on the highest point of the hill3. When it was decided to institute the cult … 1 E. L. Hicks The Collection of Ancient Greek Inscriptions in the British Museum … 4 A fragmentary inscription from Hermione speaks of Trajan as Zeus Embaterios … 2155), Artemis 'EKfSarTjpia (id. ib. v. 2158). Such epithets denote a deity invoked by the

1181

course seemed to be to maintain the old altar of ashes on the hill-top and to … Trajan himself more or less on a par with Zeus Philios. Thus the emperor's … Farnell Cults of Gk. States i. 162). Supra p. 897 n. 3. … Benevento' in the Rom. Mitth. 1892 vii. 239—264 with cut, especially p. 251 f., … p. 141 pi. 28, 12, H. Stiller in Pergamon v. 2. 53 fig. 2, H. von Fritze in the Abh. d. berl.

1182

seated god within the same temple (fig. 981)1. On the other hand, the coins … Tpaiavbs 2e/3a£rr6s, rev. <f>t\tos Zet)s YlepyajxrivQiv). A copper of Lucius Verus gives … AMH NflN. Cp. a copper of Traianus Decius (H. von Fritze loc. cit. p. 55 pi. 8, 18).

1183

The cult of Zeus Philios on the mountain at Pergamon was, if I am right in … gotten, or at best left a mere trace 01 itself in the traditional link between … 3 Supra p. 1179 n. 6. Note that T??Xe0os, a clipped form of T^Xe^d^s (F. Bechtel— … and the like).

1184

the Pergamenes invented an eponymous hero Pergamos1, they portrayed him … lay stress on the curious association of Telephos with the vine3. The most we … Popular enthusiasm, or policy, having thus raised the emperor to the level of … H]epya/.io\_v /cat ^JtXe'rat/joj' veov KT[LaTr]v]. On the hero Pergamos and his cult see further … 3 When the Greeks sailed against Troy, they lost their way and attacked Mysia by … entangles Telephos), Dictys Cretensis 2. 3 (Telephus, pursued by Ulysses among the vine- … 7 Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Lydia p. 320 pi. 41, 5 (my fig. 986 is from a cast of

1185

the cunningly-worded legend : 'The emperor Nerva Traianus [Augustus] Ger- … Pergamon, in common with other cities of Asia Minor, frankly regarded the … wonderful copper piece from the Pergamene … Gaia on the right with a turreted crown and … and now in the cabinet of T. Prowe at Moscow „. „_ … A VKHNIAN[OY] TTEPrAMHNn NNEOKOPH N-B (=Art arpar^od M,

1186

to support a nude, youthful Zeus with the features of Geta, who holds a sceptre … behind the one corn-ears spring from the ground ; behind the other a dolphin … Lastly, we turn to Antiocheia on the Orontes, where the worship of Zeus … On the one hand, the Antiochenes had always been devoted to the worship … 4 In 304 a.d. he did to death S. Theodotos and the Seven Virgins of Ankyra (Acta … eiredeiKvvTo. Cp. the loose translation of Rufin. hist. eccl. 9. 3 apud Antiochiam simula- … 'after reciting forms of initiation' etc., clearly taking avayvovs to be avayvovs—an in-

1187

visited lone and, when a storm burst so that the river Orontes, then called … Zeus 'Ne/j.eios appears on a billon coin of Alexandreia with sdlinon (?)-wreath, aigis, … As to the title 'Ettlkclpttlos, my friend Mr G. F. Hill in the … saeculorum'—a most ingenious explanation of the alternatives "A\5o? and 'A\8ti/xlos. … 2 Io. Malal. chron. 8 p. 199 Dindorf says of Seleukos i Nikator after the foundation … 4 With Zeus Botticuos cp. Zeus Buttlos of Bairrta, a village on the Orontes (Io. Malal. … 1 ff.), it is possible that Zeus Botticuos was ultimately of Cretan origin. The story of the

1188

' The whole thing was ordained of God. Forty furlongs from this city of ours … companion and favourite bird and despatched him to the altar. He flew down … Sir J. E. Sandys A History of Classical Scholarship2 Cambridge 1906 i. 390 f. … irokei iepbp /j,eya Aibs Ka7reTu>Ai'ou. The word 'inTiaev must not be pressed.

1189

tended to represent Antiochos himself1; for it seems to have been part of that … hist. eccl. 5. 19 agree that the sanctuary of Apollon Acupvaios was the work of Seleukos i … seated on the omphaUs have obv. head of Antiochos with diadem surmounted by a star … 7 Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Seleucid Kings of Syria p. 36 pi. ir, 9 = my fig. 994, Hunter

1190

retired to Antiocheia and, in order to pay his troops, bade men enter the temple … stater of gold, formerly in the Montagu

1191

of unusual significance at Daphne1, not to mention the high jinks2 which earned … Argyrios and Phasganios8, and still further enlarged by Proklos9. The whole … the take-off of some resurrection-rite ? … drizet in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1900 xxiv. 290 f.), 12 pp. 289 f., 307 Dindorf, 16 p. 396 … Antiquitates Antiochenae Gottingae 1839 P- ^2 ^ thinks it far more likely that the temple … Dionys. per. 916 quotes the dedication as ot '$r)cravTes (fyrriaavTes cod. y.) ave<TTri<xa.v deip (ev

1192

Kdsios on Mount Kasion, where Julian offered a belated hecatomb1. The … (fig. 996)2—sign and symbol of the Olympic sports that he held at Daphne'■>. … Passing from the regal to the autonomous coinage of the town, we have coins … 2 Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Seleucid Kings of Syria p. 40 pi. 13, 1, Hunter Cat. Coins … 4 Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Seleucid Kings of Syria p. 56 pi. 17, 1, Hunter Cat. Coins … in the Hunter Cat. Coins iii. 141, followed by B. V. Head loc. cit., supposes that the mint

1193

large bay-wreath (fig. 998)1. In imperial times the head of Zeus sometimes … on a garlanded altar (fig. 1000)6, or again perched with wreath in beak on the … fig. 998 from a specimen of mine, which likewise shows Nike wreathing the city's title), … pi. 19, 11 and pi. 20, 3. The reverse shows Boule (?), in chiton and himdtion, dropping a … 112 of the Caesarean era, reckoned from 49 b.c. : see B. Pick in the Zeitschr. f. Num. … 5 Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Galatia, etc. p. 177 pi. 22, 2 Otho: 6TOYCA (year 1 of the … e£oi/<n'as, \nraTos to 8'). See F. Imhoof-Blumer 'Zur griechischen Miinzkunde' in the

1194

a little touch implies that the emperor, whose bust appears on the obverse, is … 3 Ib. p. 183 pl. 22, 9: AVTNEPOVAI KAII2EB. On these coins of Domitian … Augustis nostris), no. 634 Thessalonike Herculi Augusto | Iovius ............. (the … A gold medallion of Diocletian and Maximianus, formerly in the Cabinet de Francer … Coins p. 487, Gnecchi Medagl. Rom, i. 12 no. 3). A bronze medallion of Diocletian, at … repeat the reverse type, but show the emperor as Iupiter standing with thunderbolt, sceptre, … The title Iovius was, no doubt, suggested by the name ZJ/tfcIetianus, the origin of

1195

where she dwelt, he inherited the appellation of Docles or Diodes, which, after his assump- … Bekker)), Ato/cA^a [id. ib. 35 (iii. 162 Bekker)) in consequence of the conjecture that … Iovio j Maximiano | ordo Sol., no. 8931 Alexandreia (S. de Ricci in the Comptes rendus … sources a coin showing the head of Licinius with the legend iovivs licinivs avg. On … potin, of the type described by Eckhel. … invict. avg. et caes. Laureate busts of the two Licinii supporting between them a … rom?V\\. 210 f. nos. 1—3 with fig. of no. 2). … A bronae medallion of Maximinus, now at Paris, has obv. iovivs maximinvs nob

1196

struck perhaps by the fact that, so far as names were concerned, Iovius … ' Theoteknos too was summoned by Justice, who had no intention of forgetting … roughly retouched). Another, with the same legend, had for obverse type the bare head … 2 For the implications of this term see now an excellent paper by Miss F. M. Bennett

1197

Again, Libanios the Antiochene, when petitioning Theodosios to protect the … Antiocheia was a city where Christians and pagans jostled each other in the … Sabazius, Bacchus, Liber Pater, and Dionysos7. On the other hand, the … 3 The most careful and thorough-going monograph on Antiocheia in general is still … 8 Mr C. L. Woolley in The Times Literary Supplement for July 10, 1924 p. 436

1198

ened danger. The treasure trove, at first divided among the finders and widely … 1 In 341 A.D., when the 'Golden' Basilica of Antioch, begun by Constantine the … that after a futile attempt to intimidate Theodoras, the ' guardian of the treasures ' in the

1199

thick sheet of silver, the rim of which has been bent outwards over itself and … of his followers, who raise their arms as before. Most of the ten, if not all5, hold … I am indebted to Dr Eisen for sending me his three articles in the New Era … ' The objects on the plate are : seven loaves of bread, two fishes, an oval object with

1200

rolls in their hands. Two (nos. 12 and 9 on fig. 1008) show the right arm wound … (s. vi a.d.) landatio S. Barnabae Apost. 1. 13 in the Acta Sanctorum edd. Bolland.

1202

To determine the date of the chalice is a task of primary importance. Sound … Norwas it. Bronze coins of uncertain denomination struck by Simon Maccabaeus … Accepting the attribution of the Epistle to the Hebrews to St Barnabas, Dr Rendall points … 5 Miss G. M. A. Richter in Art in America 1918 vi. 171 ff. with pi., Am. Jonrn. … deeper vessel, standing on a square plinth, with a couple of wreaths in it.

1203

must be dated before the fatal year 79 a.d. Plate was naturally imitated in less … 6 We can hardly escape from this improbability by urging that the silver holder was

1204

was later, not earlier, than the shell. He argued that the inner bowl appropriate … 2 L. Stephani in the Co7>ipte-rendu St. Pet. 1872 p. 143 ff. Atlas pi. 2, 1 and 2 (in … * (a) DOMITIl.LAE I STATILIO CONIVGI, (b) SALVS | GEN • HVM. Below the foot is an

1205

are we to understand Athenaios' statement that 'two glass vessels of open-work … 1 A. Kisa op. cit. ii. 604 notes that its handles, inlaid with gold, resemble those of … 3 Kallixenos of Rhodes wepl 'AXe^avSpeias 4 [Frag. hist. Gr.'m. 62 Muller) ap. Athen. … 6 A circular mirror of about s. iii a.d., found in a woman's grave near Sofia and now … 8 Sir Martin Conway in The Burlington Magazine for Sept. 1924 (xlv. io6ff.)

1206

branches1, on the other hand, the vine-scroll in the Catacomb of Praetextatus, … pi. 19, 1. The vine spreads over the vaulted roof in the oldest portion of the catacomb. … 5 G. A. Eisen in the New Era Magazine for June 1920 p. 416, id. The Great Chalice … 6 Whether this individualisation was in any degree due to tooling or retouching of the

1207

This shows a youthful Christ (cristvs) seated with a group of eight or more1 … But the makers of these gilded glasses often gave new names to old designs, … Archdologie Paderborn 1913 p. 623 fig. 253, 7. On the vestments lettered j£ and J see … G In The Cambridge Review 1923—1924 xlv. 254.

1208

Christ above the eagle (no. i) and much of the adjoining space are due {vide … 41 pi. 233, 2, W. Lowrie Christian Art and Archceolo°y~New York 1901 p. 330 f. fig. 141, … It is a curious coincidence, if nothing more, that the Phoenician Ba'al-hamman is … 6 The seated Shepherd in the mausoleum of Galla Placidia ' is clothed in imperial

1209

general effect to the figure of Augustus on a silver skyphcs from Bosco Reale1. … Apostles (St Peter and St Paul), who raise their hands in salutation. The other ten … 6 I do not deny that the eagle here may have had a further significance. C. M.

1210

in the midst of his trusty followers is, to those at least who have in mind the … 2 Prof. Strzygowski, after personal inspection of the chalice and prolonged study of

Addenda

1211

ii. i n. 4. The: painted marble tablet from Tarragona, though accepted as genuine by … ii. 32. The relief of Zeus KparaL/BaTrji is now figured by Svoronos Ath. Nationalnms. … ii. 44. Platon's comparison of the Galaxy with ' the undergirders of triremes' perhaps

1212

folio iiirect0): 'There shall be a pillar (cT'sAoc = arvXos) of light, like unto silver, in … ii. 45 n. r. After repeated inspection of the marble (in the spring of 1922) and … ii. 51 n. 5. Mr B. Dickins has sent me the following notes in criticism (Oct. 8, 1920) … (b) Stephens, No. 9, taken from Cott. Dom. A. 9, the writer or copyist of which was. … Later a more drastic attempt is made to harmonize the Latin alphabet, the English

1213

in O.H.G. it was necessary to find a fresh symbol. Now was the last letter of the … Put shortly, the association of the character | with the name of the god Ziu appears … ii. 57 n. 4. Recent articles on 'Jupiter-columns' are listed by W. Deonna in the Rev. … Frage der Juppitergigantensiiulen ' in the Rbmisch-germanisches -Korrespondenzblatt 1912 … ii. 86. On the group from Luxeuil see now E. Esperandieu in the Rev. Arch. 1917 … ii. 90. Mr C. D. Bicknell notes a second example—British Museum: A Guide to the … ii. 93 ff. The Column of Mayence continues to provoke discussion. To the biblio- … (reviewed by K. Wigand in the Rbmisch-germanisches Korrespondenzblatt 1915 viii. 47 f.), … Nerosdule des Samus und Severus Leipzig 1919 pp. 1—32 with 2 figs. (' Nachtrag' to the … Of points made since my section on the subject [supra p. 93 ff.) was written the most

1214

drums of the column have hitherto been incorrectly placed. Kessler observed that in its … Quilling now maintains that the entire monument refers to its dedicators, the Canabarii. … its authenticity has been very seriously questioned (id. p. clxxxiv n. 1). Coppers of l'atrai, … ii. 106 n. 2. Add R. Traquair and A. J. B. Wace 'The Base of the Obelisk of … plains the name 'EXacpbcrriKros (Lys. or. 13. 19 Qebtcpirov rbv rod 'EXa^oari'/crou nakovfievov)

1215

1903 lxii. 125—132 (reported in the Am. Journ. Arch. 1903 vii. 4775.). … ii. 131 n. 1. W. B. McDaniel ' The Holiness of the Dischi Sacri' in the Am. Journ. … de' Liguori Glories of Mary (extr. from The Christian Remembrancer Oct. 1855) London … turbam secum agrestem coadunans civitati improvisus advenit. The upshot was un-

1216

nomination and consecration of Germanus to the episcopal throne of Auxerre in the room … attenuated, Christianised, form a Gallic parallel to the cult of Diana Nemorensis. … all repeat the same type, derived—according to Courby—from a statue of Arsinoe ii with … ii. 174. In the Rev. Arch. 1920 i. 172 C. Picard attempts to discredit the omphalos … ii. 176 n. 1. On Themis at Delphoi see also F. Courby in the Foitilles de Delphes ii. … In the hymn composed by Aristonoos of Corinth and inscribed on the Athenian … ypdp.pi.aTa Ae\c/>t/cd' in Philologies 1900 lix. 21—41 labours to prove that the mystic eZ is … ii. 190 n. o. Further references for the history of rliytd are given by F. W. von

1217

inelvov Te\evT?}s. We have here, apparently, Themis on the Delphic tripod impregnated … ii. 229 n. 7. Zeus as Artemis wooing Kallisto is the subject of a painting by … on the Name Sabazios :— … There seems to be another possible etymology for the first part of the compound. The … ii. 285 n. o no. (3). The relief from Philadelpheia (Ala-Shehir) in Lydia, hitherto

1218

a kratir, set on the ground, about which two snakes are twined, apparently drinking out … Egypt 1916 pp. 151 —162 draws attention to the existing African custom of treasuring in … Mnemosyne 1921 xlix. 286—294 (summarised by S. Reinach in the Rev. Arch. :g2i ii.

1219

ii. 386. The petasos as a sky-symbol possibly meets us again on the tomb of Porsenna … see Quatremere de Quincy and the Due de Luynes in the Ann. d. Inst. 1829 i. 304—309, … ii. 388 n. 4. Janiform busts of Zeus and Hermes are implied by the word Atep/mt … ii. 397 11. o. R. B. Onians in the Class. Rev. 1924 xxxviii. 5 takes Zeus 'HAa/care^s … ii. 465. For horned female deer see L. P. Hatch ' A Doe with Horns' in The American … ii. 482. For the Milky Way conceived as a tree cp. W. Gundel Sterne und Steru- … says : ' The kiskanu is not a common plant, and is rarely, if ever, used in the medical … hardly be a very special tree, since it is to be found at the mouth of the rivers.' … on the trunk of a bay-tree, holding a … ii. 493. I am indebted to Mr B. F. C. Atkinson for the following important com-

1220

transliteration from one language into the other ^(7) and k(n), d (5) and t(r), b (H) and … ii. 496 n. o. On Zeus Ilep^eperas or Qepcpeperas as worshipped by the Phrouroi … ii. 498 n. 2 : 'Has it been noticed etc.?' The answer is, Yes. See Campbell Bonner … the other side, an interesting paper by Mr J. Whatmough ' Inscribed fragments of stags- … ii. 542. W. Gaerte 'Die Bedeutung der kretisch-minoischen Horns of Consecration' … ii. 583. E. W. Fay in the Class. Quart. 1917 xi. 215 derives Hor-eiddpuv from *7roTt-, … i. 161 f. no. 146 H. Gregoire gives a photographic cut of … ii. 619 n. 4. On the Mithraeum of Allmendingen, excavated 1824—1825, see further

1221

1896 ii. 505 figs. 450—455. Seven little hatchets of bronze were found, inscribed IOVI, … ' Minoan' goddess, flanked by a pair of lions erect … by the British Museum. The main difference … yap 6 weXeKvs, and accordingly proposed to call the goddess Kybele (id. in the Journ. … ii. 637. Four fine examples of carving in … in the Journ. Hell. Stud. 1925 xlv. 53 ff. … were an ivory fibula of ' spectacle'-type and two bronze pendants of the Hallstatt period.

1222

Zeus ' in the Class. Rev. 1922 xxxvi. 110—112. … this statue as it stands in the Galleria dei Candelabri of the Vatican, with a bow restored … Hut. de la Sculpt, gr. i. 318). But that is definitely to reject the testimony of Paus. 4.

1223

ii. 741 f. fig. 674. A rare variety of this Messenian tetradrachm shows Zeus holding, … example from the same dies, as I am informed by Mr C. T. Seltman, was in the collection … Zeus, with abundant hair and wreath of large bay-leaves, advances brandishing a three- … figured Vases in American Museums Cambridge Mass. 1918 p. 38 ('in the style of the … ii- 757 fig- 7°°- A second and better preserved specimen of this important coin has

1224

illustration of it (fig. 1022) is drawn. The obverse is irom the same die as that of fig. 701 ; … of a tetradrachm of Alexander, showing a beardless god enthroned to left with a flower … during May and June the leaves of the giglio (iris fiorentina) are hung up outside the

1225

ii. 798. Mrs A. Strong 'Treasure from Vatican Rubbish ' in The Illustrated London … found by W. Amelung in magazzini of the Vatican, a neo-Attic relief of s. i a.d., which … found in the Tomba del Tridente at Vetulonia and is figured by Milani Stud, e mat. a'i … seen a terra cotta of the same questionable sort on sale at Naples. He describes it as … in the Rev. Arch. 1913 i. 340 ff. adds two from the village Golemo-Selo in the district … an inscription from the village Chatrovo in the district Dupnitza Au Z3e[\];<Toi;p5a; | rui

1226

ii. 823. J. Whatmough ' The Tijw'/ae-dedications from S. Maria di Capua' in the Class. … ii. 873 n. 2. Cp. Zeus Kapaos of Akarnania (K. A. Rhomaios in the'Ap%. AeXr. 1918 … Schrader Reallex!1 ii. 245 compares Zeus QaXaxpos with the ancient Roman Divus … ii. 897 n. 5. Mr C. W. Blegen has kindly furnished me (Aug. 16, 1924) with the … this cult; but it is tempting to conjecture that we have here the site of the worship of … See now Am. Journ. Arch. 1924 xxviii. 337 (citing Art and Archaeology 1924 xvii. … ii. 904 n. 1. W. Vollgraff in the Ann. Brit. Sch. Ath. 1907—1908 xiv. 225 : ' Two

1227

ii. 904 n. 3. For Mt Ossa and its cults (no sign of Zeus) see F, Stahlin Das hellenische … Homolion and states that on its akropolis (233111 above sea-level), beneath the unroofed … tion of the mountain with concise geological, topographical, and historical notes. … illustrated monograph contains a historical introduction (pp. 7—35), a full record of … include 3 photographic panoramas, 14 plates, and 2 coloured maps, one of which (scale … ii. 91011. 1. B. Pace ' II tempio di Giove Olimpico in Agrigento' in the Mon. d. Line. … ii. 920 n. o. C. Picard in 1923 reconstructed from remains of sculpture in the … ii. 922 n. o. See now Rubensohn 'Das Delion von Paros' in the Jahrb. d. Deutsch. … ii. 929 n. o. W. Aly Der kretische Apollonkult Leipzig 1908 p. 47 n. 4 regards the … quotes from two Lydian inscriptions the four following phrases :

1228

lie observes : 1 Hyde was the ancient, or one of the ancient names, of Sardis (->trab. … Tzetzes ad loc), so one could probably have mentioned Hudans without the additional … form, and it certainly suggests the Greek termination Zap5i-ae6s, or -yjvbs. Or perhaps … ' Zu den lydischen Inschriften' in the Skrifter utgifna af Kungl. Humanistiska Veten- … equates PXdilns with ' AtrbXXwv {-Xd- = -XX-, cp. Carian"TcrcrwASos = KWwXAos in the last- … Aafipa vvSov, 277 ('in der zweischiffigen Halle") small altar of grey-blue marble decorated … the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1896 xx. 398 f. = Dittenberger Orient. Gr. inscr. set. no. 28 small … (2) J. Keil—A. v. Premerstein ' Bericht uber eine dritte Reise in Lydien ' in the

1229

solemn prayer to Zeus "Surrip (vv. 60—64). The first and last portions are as follows : … (3) J. Keil 'Denkmaler des Meter-Kultes' in the Jahresh. d. oesl. arch. Inst. 1915 … elderly god (Zeus), whose hand held a sceptre. On the left margin of the relief is a small … ii. 1065 n. o. H. Bolkestein 'The Exposure of Children at Athens and the eyxvrp- … ii. 1089. G. Seure ' T E A£I<bO POX-TI AEXTTOPOS: ' in the Rev. Et. Gr. 1918 … Thracian name *Ti\e-<T7r6pis, "TtXe-o-Trbpos, of legitimate formation but of unknown signi- … ii. 1 r 18. G. Welter 'Das Olympieion in Athen ' in the Ath. Mitth. 1922 (published

1230

with the great Ionic temples of eastern Greece—the Artemision at Ephesos (ic>9*2omx … (Hdt. 5. 36); and Hipparchos was at one time under the influence of Onomakritos … ii. 1143 fig. 964. A specimen in the British Museum (fig. 1024

Corrigenda

1231

ii. 24 1 11. 4 line 6 from bottom of page. For ' Pherekyde ' read ' Pherekydes.' … ii. 729 n. o line 15 from bottom of page. For ' ii 208 f.' read ' ii. 208 f.' … ii. 960 n. o line 13 from bottom of page. For ' Hadrianas ' read ' Hadrian as.'

1232

Bronze medallion of Commodus,

Index I: Persons – Places – Festivals

1233

The contents of each item are arranged, as far as possible, under the … In the Genealogies f. = father, m. = mother, s. =son,d. =daughter, b. ^brother, … Abbaltis, coins of -565 … Abirkios, tombstone of 288 ff. … -coins of 1084 … -oath of 7300 (i. 16) … Rites: sacrifice of a full-grown victim … Epithet: 'Lord of the Island' (sc. … Genealogy: f. of Pyrrhos 9152 9160 … -seal of 769x

1234

Aditya 1035 f. of Motos (?) by Anra 1036 1038 … Genealogy: h. of Aphrodite 6940 s. of Genealogy: b. of Mercurius secundus … Associated with Aphrodite (Venus) 984x Aetios, king of Troizen 4142 … In relation to Aphrodite 293 5524 Genealogy : m. of Palicus by Volcanus … Genealogy : m. of Aither, Chaos, and 9330 transformed by Hera into eagle … Myths: makes golden ball for infant Function: hypostasis of Zeus (?) 1075 … Function: protectress of laws 933o ava^ avbpwv 1070 evpvKpeiwv 1069 … Adrastos sceptre of Zeus 5472 9562f. Tegea … Myth: Polytechnos 693--sceptre of 11324 1132c soul of, … regard king as Zeus 1088 Genealogy: w. of Zeus $/Xios 1104 f. … Genealogy: f. of Mot by Chaos 1038 11270

1235

nike 1127o Khodes the town 9250 … -toast of 11290 • … Function: a sort of Zeus 11260 … 9 6 94 castrated by the gods 9694 … Identified with Kybele 9700 Mother of … 970,, 9710 Zeus and the Magna … Agis, f. of Amphikles 421 … -■ coins of 667 6673 Olympion at … Agyieus, the Hyperborean 169

1236

Genealogy : s. of Zeus by Aigina d. of … Myth : birth of Zeus 925, … Aigeus consults Themis 206 sword of 6276 … Aigina, d. of Asopos 1878 1890 8943 … Myth : sinews of Zeus 4490 … Genealogy : s. of Aix 9330 … Aigyptos, the river Nile … -coins of 869n … -coins of 1079 … -ascent of 9072 9080 … Genealogy : 98l! s. of Ianus 337 … Aison, the vase-painter 206x (?) … Genealogy: f. of Eros by Nyx 315^ 1051 … -coins of 908i 9090 … Genealogy: m. of Palikoi by Zeus 9090 … Genealogy: m. of Aigokeros 933,j

1237

Aizanoi (cont.) Aktor, reputed f. of Kteatos and Eurytos … Priest: veuicdpos 9670 -coins of 2470 2480 … Myths: Aizen, s. of Tantalos 9643 Azan, Cult: Zeus 'EXtvOepios H586 … Aizen, s. of Tantalos 9643 Alani … - coins of 412 7437 ' one-eyed' Albanon 6940 … Akmon, founder of Akmoneia 3125 Genealogu : f. of Kepheus 1083 1148 … "T\pio-Tos 8820(23) 968i Alexander (sc. Alexandros of Abonou … Functions: doublet of Akrisios 1155 11280 Sarapis 1158 Theos"T^kttos … Cult: Larissa in Thessaly 1155 - coins of 102n 7730 9860 1128,, … Functions: doublet of Akrisias 1155 Alexandreia in Troas, coins of 485 … Ak Tash in Lydia Alinda, coins of 572

1238

Genealogy : d. of Aiolos 1088 d. of … Genealogy: m. of the nymphs Adras- … -coins of 9750 f. … -coins of 707 9180 … - bronze statuette of Zeus from … -horn of 7730 masks of 8080(1T) … f. of Amphilochos 4890(4) s. of … the Great 1071 Trophonios (Tre- … Genealogy: s. of Alkmaion 4890(4, s. of

1239

Functions: harp-player 1013 one of … Amphios, s. of Merops 1072 … Type: with head-dress of crab's-claws … dress 377 procession of Salii 375 … Genealogy : m. of Aither, Chaos, and … Anatolian association of Mother-goddess … Anchiale, m. of Idaean Daktyloi 929q … -coins of 1079 … Anemos in Phoenician cosmogony 1037 f. … Anien, the river-god 1016 … -coins of 491|}(o) … -coins of 566 … Anthas, king of Troizen 414;, … Antiocheia on the Maiandros

1240

Autiocheia on the Orontes (cont.) … Myths: founded by Alexander the … - chalice from 1197 ff. coins of … Genealogy: d. of Nykteus 1013 m. of … -house of, struck by lightning 10 … protection of Kouretes 9689 … Myth: birth of the first Aphrodite 1029 … — coins of 572 f. 681 1220 … Rites : emergence from sea 1322 taboo … from genitals of Ouranos 4480 cp. … Aphros, forefather of Aphroi

1241

on the Orontes (?) 11925 Ardettos … the Orontes 1188 Delos 2233 249, … Larisa on the Caystrian Plain 958q

1242

Ebdomaia 237o nrst day of month … 237o seventh day of month 456 … 4873 d) sacrifice of asses 463 f. 843 … Priestess : the Pythia 203 ff. 238 3227 … staios 1042 (?) arranges the limbs … exiled by Zeus to land of Hyper- … months' child 2370 sheds tears of … Genealogy: f. of Amphissos by Dryope … prophetes of Zeus 2030 2044 841

1243

arrows 257 ball of resin (?) 4920(0) … archer 459 with attributes of Zeus … of light 1217 playing lyre 1634 165o … - &TrodT]/.dai and iwidri/xLai of 233 ff. … -■ coins of 161 ff. 485 499 Nymphaion … Apollonia, later name of Eleuthernai … --• coins of 563 … Apulia, persistence of ' Minoan ' motifs in

1244

-coins of 1224 … Aratos, s. of Asklepios (not Kleinias) by … Arcadians, common hearth of, at Tegea … Archonides, head of, consulted by Kleo- … Rite: oath of dikastai 730o … ■ of asses 464 yearly sacrifice of … ■--horses of 436i … 978o image of, on altar 9780 image … Argenidas, relief of 1062 ff. … - coins of 1079 1143 omphalos at

1245

Argos, watcher of Io (cont.) … Aristodama, m. of Aratos by Asklepios … Aristonous of Aigina 740 1222 … Myths: Arkas 228,5 birth of Apollon … Genealogy: s. of Zeus by Euryodeia … - to be identified with the Idaean … Arnaia, former name of Penelope 691 f. … Arpi, coins of 1159i … horn of Zeus 'Afifiuv 7730 11364 … Artemiche, d. of Kleinis 463! … Olymos 5862 Pagai, port of Me-

1246

Bites : Pw/liovIkm 4213 contest of rustic … Genealogy: d. of Demeter 1032 d. of … 457 vegetation 411 younger form of … 1227 mountains (?) 457 necklace of … 4070 4090 wreath of flowers 405 4070 … hands 4080f. filling piddle of Apol- … - effigy of, carved on trees near … pasa), the Scythian Aphrodite Ov- … Arvi, the cleft at 9452

1247

7rvpo(poptiv 4137 1076 sacrifice of … 1088 f. of Aratos by Aristodama … of Paros 1078 f. with sceptre and … - grave of 1088 f. underground … Astakos, s. of Poseidon 6653 … Astrape, personification of lightning 828 … Atella, coins of 831^2) … Antiocheia on the Orontes 1197

1248

at Tegea 1148 sacrifice of cow 9022 … ii364 Helene, consort of Simon … Genealogy: d. of Brontaios 8337 d. of … of Zeus 5022 spinning 66(j 1029 … 625 birth from head of Zeus 709

1249

Kallirrhoe, d. of Acheloios 1117 (?) … the house 1060 1065 iyxvTpiarpiac … 816 f. sacrifice of pig to Zeus ■tu'Aios … 13) 1139 wearing of white-poplar … -Asklepieion at 1078 coins of 2320 … 11354 talisman of 1148 … Genealogy : f. of Alkyone 4142 … Attes, s. of Kalaos 444 … at altar of Zeus MeiXtx'os 2912

1250

299 ff. formula of exhortation 306 … loved by Mother of the gods 9694 … Genealogy: s. of almond-tree 295 s. of … goatherd 295 green ear of corn 295 … -formula of devotion to 2782 … -coins of 7437 … - birthday of 419i house of 147 … Genealogy : d. of Pothos and Omichle … Autonoos, f. of Anthos 4142 … Function : rebirth of Axiokersos 314 f. … Axios, f. of Pelegon 5880

1251

and the planet Ares 6940 Zeus … Rites: sacrifice of asses 463i sacrifice … ■-Hittite relief from 766i pillars of … -on the column of Mayence 96 … Myth: stabbed by Hodhr with lance of … Ballenaios, s. of Ganyinedes 270s … -coins of 446 f. … Baton, charioteer of Amphiaraos 1071 … Genealogy : m. of Protogone and Misa … Beda, a goddess of the Prisii

1252

Genealogy: s. of Inachos and b. of … Beroe, nurse of Semele 1031 … Bessoi, oracle of Dionysos among 269 … Cults: Phyllis the river-god 904! Theos … -coins of 296n … -coins of 563 … except under name of milk in a

1253

Genealogy: f. of Zetes and Kala'is by … -land beyond blast of 465 … Bottia, village on the Orontes … Cult: Antiocheia on the Orontes (?) … Genealogy : s. of Poseidon 79312 … Genealogy: h. of Sarasvati 7744 … --as centre of earth 167 omphalos (?) … -■ coins of 313 … Bronte, horse of Helios 828 851 … -coins of 709 8311(2) … Buddha, ladder of 1293

1254

Oupavds 8860(so) head of Osiris … - coins of 162 f. 167 f. 798 om- … Genealogy: f. of Ianus by Hecate … Callistus, Cemetery of 1208 … -coins of 324 … Genealogy : d. of Ianus 3943 … Capua, coins of 370 831-j (2) cp. 331 tomb … -bronze bull (of Phalaris ?) at 9104 … - couch of 1171 on column of … -coins of 323 ff. fear lest sky should … Centaurus, the constellation 477s … Functions: one of the Penates 1059 … -on column of Mayence 96 98 … -coins of 8700 9810 … -coins of 9807 9810 … Genealogy: child of Chronos 1024

1255

females on hand of Apollon 2320 … Functions: ferryman of the dead 6412 … --eyes of 6420 … Genealogy: s. of Kronos by Philyra … Chonai, cleft of 115 … the cross 305o descent into Hell 305q … harrowing of Hell 1380 Orphic 1208 … -resurrection of 9410 … Genealogy: f. of Aither and Chaos 1024 … sippos (?) 864 snake with heads of … - chariot of 8310 in Phoenician … Chryses, s. of Zeus by Hesione d. of … Chrysothemis, s. of Karmanor 1900 … Chytroi, the festival 1139

1256

Clusium, tomb of Porsenna at 1219 … Myths: Adiounios Tauros 349 birth of … -coins of 7437 933q tomb of Zeus … Daes (?), consort of Daeira 3125 … Genealogy: f. of Iapyx 30 … Daita or Daito (Daiso). m. of Enorches … Rites: head wrapped in fleece of black … ing from Mother of the gods 949,-, … - coin of 251j … Genealogy: m. of Perseus 464 m. of

1257

Genealogy: f. of Hesione 11502 f. of … Daphnis the mountain-nymph 176! … Dea Roma See Roma, the personification … -dance of 86s4 … -Artemision at 1227 as centre of … Festivals: birthday of Apollon (Bysios … vernal rites of Dionysos (Theo- … and burial of the Orphic Dionysos … foundation of oracle 169 Hyper- … by pillar of light ( = Apollon) 1217 … -as centre of earth 167 as vital

1258

coins of 1769 2180 267x 4900(5) E at … near 11460(o) succession of cults at … Demaratos, oath of 7280 … Nisaia, port of Megara 4880(3) Pagai, … Myths : boiling of Pelops 2125 consorts … . Genealogy: m. of Artemis 252 m. of … Demoi of Antiocheia on the Orontes (?) … Demos of Borne … Deos (Dios), the Phrygian Zeus 278 ff. … to people the world 971o Athens … Genealogy: h. of Pyrrha 971o s. of

1259

Dia, d. of Lykaon 486! … Dian (?), consort of Diane (?) 3510 … spoils of chase 412G weapons laid … Genealogy : consort of Dianus (Ianus) … -oak-tree of 400 ff. on column of … Dias, a form of Zeus 352 … Diias See Dias, one of the Titans … Dikte, headland on south coast of Crete … tyloi 9290 birth of Zeus 9280 9860 … south-west of Praisos 929,, identified … Diogenes of Apollonia 1024 … - coins of 810 851

1260

Dion (?), consort of Dione … -coins of 1111 … -coins of 2854 566 … by Pherekydes of Leros 275 Lenaia … put bowls of bronze or iron over … Labyadai 235 243 f. wearing of

1261

kings of Thrace 2710 Mithradates vi … 2370 sits on throne of Zeus 1030 … Genealogy : s. of Semele 220 s. of Zeus … rebirth of Zeus 381 823x snow 275 … art, but not in literature 2460 … 9250 the Egyptian Herakles 12 Kore … - as one of the first three Dios- … Dios, island off coast of Kephallenia 9080 … Epithets: NCcros (hence the Hellenic

1262

Rites: lectisternium 443 sacrifice of … kings of Sparta 436 440 Nero Caesar … feud with sons of Aphareus 437 … Genealogy : sons of Tyndareos 9180 … - in folk-tales 1003 ff. jars of 1062 ff. … Dirke, the spring 1013 … Rite: drink-offering of honey and pure … Rites: caldron of hot water 214 ff. … -bronze statuettes of Zeus from

1263

4132 677 692 848 painting of 677 … Domitilla, Catacomb of 1205 f. … Donatus as author of the scholia P. … Dorians, Agyieus-^iU&rB of 165 f. originally … Homonoia Se/Wr?) 280x Mother of … - bust of Zeus BpovTwv from 836 … Drakon, king of Thebes in Boiotia 1087 … -oath of 7300 … Genealogy: m. of Amphissos by Apollon … -migration of 458 (?) 1123 (?) … nos(?) 11127 coins of 1159! … -coins of 429 f. columns of 428 ff. … of society 1132G Bes 457 cat 9870 … 1035 flight of the gods from

1264

w. of Philippus i 9700 … Elaton, charioteer of Amphiaraos 1071 … Elektra, d. of Agamemnon 11326 … made of pig-skin 499j … Rites: burial within the house 1060 … Eleutheria, the festival 974(J (?) 11210 … -coins of 491o(6) … -ascends to heaven by the Milky … Genealogy : f. of Epigeios (Autochthon) … Elmo, St, fires of 9800 … Emathia, hill at Antiocheia on the Orontes

1265

-coins of 1039 f. … -in town-arms of Girgenti 9150 … Daito (Daiso) w. of Thyestes 1021 … Enyeus, f. of Homoloia 900i … -coins of 763! folk-song from 828 f. … 7280 thigh-pieces of oxen sacrificed … Ephesos, personification of the town 3195 … 4873(d Ourania, the Carthaginian … - coins of 1078 f. metopes (?) from … Epigeips (Autochthon)OipavSs, s. of Elioun … Epio, short form of Epione 1086 … Genealogy: f. of Marathon f. of Sikyon … Erato, w. of Malos 488q(o) … Genealogy: f. of Metion f. of Sikyon

1266

-coin of 9030 … Eridanos, as original name of Pbaethon … -sceptre of 1026 … Myth : sprung from blood of Ouranos … - euphemistic titles of 11127lll30(i) … Functions: angry ghost 2070 soul of … Eriza, coins of 565 … Myths : judgment of Eros 949,-, springs … of the sky-god 3153 specialised form … butes of Herakles 1046 with attri- … ing from head of Pegasos 1040 … down from behind shoulder of

1267

Erymne, old name of Tralleis 5872 … Genealogy: f. of Orchomenos and Min- … 378 Dioskouroi 431 f. 1064 god of … Etrusci, lightning-lore of 5$ 805 mirrors of … Functions: one of the first three Dios- … Eukleia, the goddess 1183 … Cults: Agathos Daimon ( = the em- … Rites: libation of /xeXi^paro^ (water … Euphorbos, priestly ruler of Aizanoi 9643 … -coins of 572 ff. 1220 site of 5887

1268

Eurymede, m. of Belleropkon 7212 … Genealogy: b. of Kteatos 317 s. of … Faunus, king of Aborigines 4040 … Fiumicino, koilros of 1221 … Genealogy: s. of Ianus 368 3943 … Function : one of the Penates 1059 … Laodikeia on the Lykos 1186 … Rite : drink-offering of honey and pure … -coins of 1133x

1269

Galla Placidia, Mausoleum of 1208 I2O80 … - burial within the house in 1059 … Gallos, king of Pessinous (?) 9700 … Genealogy : f. of Ballenaios by Mede- … Gargaris, the district 949s … Gargaros, the town 9500 9510f. … - coins of 673 ff. cosmic picture at … Genealogy: d. of Elioun "T^kxtos by … -omphalos of 231 239 1216 … bidden to beware of rbv TeTpduroi* … Genealogy: f. of Tages 1060 s. of … -of a man corresponds with Iuno

1270

Function: one of the Penates 1059 … Geraistos, eiDonym of Cape Geraistos … 8880(0) the Virgin 8880(o) Zeus … - house of 147 … -spoils of 9820 tattooed 1230 … Attributes: club 80 82 pair of clubs … of Ouranos falling on Gaia 447s … -as arms of Girgenti 9H0 915o … Cult: The&'Tipiffrr) 8810(2o) … Glaukos, s, of Sisyphos 720 7212 … Gnostics, amulets of 625 f. 9380 (?) 1084 … Gordios (Gordies), s. of Midas 311g

1271

-coins of 9460 Pythion at 9480 … Gosforth, the sculptured cross at 305o … Graeco-Scythian kings, coins of 607 f. … Myth: contest of Kalchas with Mopsos … HA of the Double Axe … with 1164 ff. name of, taboo 11140 … Priest: president of Panhellenic … -as favourite of Zeus Kdaios 9860

1272

Hageladas, the younger (?) 7423 7424 … Bite: sacrifice of bull 517 522 … --coins of 7212 8720(5> the Mauso- … Haimos, s. of Sisyphos and f. of Chryso- … ---coins of 904x … Harpasos, s. of Kleinis 463x … Type: introduction of Herakles to … Genealogy: m. of Ianus by Caelus … Rite : libation of honey 11428 … Genealogy: sons of Ouranos by Ge … Myths: brought up as d. of Leda 1015 … Genealogy : d. of Tyndareos 9180 d.

1273

Way 42 f. 476 shed tears of amber … krene and altar of Zeus 8986 singing- … Rite : sacrifice of horses on Mt Taleton … Genealogy: f. of Elektryone (Alek- … of white-poplar 469 … of 41 horses of 828 851 … Hellenes, the Thessalian tribe 8943 … Genealogy; m. of Memnon by Tithonos … double axe 693 sceptre of Zeus … -road-making sons of ( = Atheni-

1274

. Genealogy: d. of Phanes by Nyx 1026 … Types: branch of tree 8990 enthroned … -garden of 1021 meadow of 1021 … -treaty of, with Miletos 3180 … -coins of 560:5 … Myths: Antaios 134] apples of Hes- … plants two oaks beside altar of Zeus … Kalchas, of Siris in Lucania 4900(o) … of poplar 3888 wreath of white-

1275

heads of god, snake, lion 1023 … -hunger of 683 pillars of 422 f. … --011 column of Mayence 96 … desses to judgment of Paris 266 … Genealogy: i. of Pan by Penelope 691 … jjillar of stone 3840 double bust … heap of stones 3837 3840 herm 1520

1276

-blood of (vervain) 3959 sceptre of … Hermippe, d. of Boiotos 1150 … Hesiod, portrait-herm of (with Homer) … Personated by Agrippina, w. of Ger- … Lairbenos 566 Mother of tbe gods … -coins of 565 f. 571 1158g kata- … --coins of 3420 oath of 7230 7310 … Hieron, the potter 777 … Himera, coin of 5584 … temple of Aphrodite KaracrKoiria at … Genealogy: s. of Theseus 1087

1277

Hippothoos, s. of Lethos 11543 tured armour 99 … Histie See Hestia Genealogy: daughters of Zeus by … 766i 767o -910! winged deities 457 from the orbis annuus held by … In relation to Amazons. 560 Artemis -as attribute of Zeus 1138^ sym- … Phodes 615 Horatius Codes, statue of, struck by … Myth: stabs Baldr with lance of Genealogy: s. of Isis 126 … Functions: snow 660 spinning 65 660 on lotos 7740 holding genitals of … In relation to Milky Way 66o -ladder of 126 soul of, identified … Homer, apotheosis of 1203^ indebted to But see P\dans … Cults: St Elias 1227 Zeus '0/j.oXwlos (?) Myth : sword of Mars 5480 … Homonoia Hyde, old name of Sardeis 1228 … Homoroka 558,, -coins of 705 f.

1278

and bay-branch in guise of Apollon … Hyperborean Maidens, arrival of, in Delos … fice of asses to Apollon 463 f. 843 … Hyperes, king of Troizen 4142 … Genealogy: b. of Tbanatos 317 … --in the Salian hymn 3300 3310 341

1279

Ji(7es : archway at entrance of Boman … Myth* : drives Sabines out of Rome … oldest god of Italy 335 seasons 336 … arch 365 f. 842 face of Alexander … Iupiter in the Salian hymn 328 ff. … Forum 3410 355 ff. in the plural … Genealogy : s. of Daidalos 30 … Myths: caldron of apotheosis 211 Hera … Iasos, b. of Dardanos 317 … Idaia, as name of Crete 9400 … Genealogy: b. of Lynkeus 317 … Bites: annual dance of modern Cretans … throne strown annually for the god

1280

ascent of 939o fruitful poplar (or … plateau of Nida on 9350 937q summit … Myths: birth of Daktyloi 9495 Dak- … Ide, personification of Mt Ide in Phrygia … s. of Deukalion, s. of Minos, s. of … -coins of 9500 … -Agyieus-^iWars of 165 f. eight- … Genealogy: f. of Kasos and Belos 981x … -pillars of Herakles and Dionysos … sprays 1041 plots death of Phrixos … Myths: bride of Zeus 9610 driven from … -coins of 1202 … Genealogy: b. of Herakles 317 1017

1281

Iphiklos, s. of Phylakos … -road of 52 … -as effigy of sky-god 57 as link … Ischys, s. of Elatos 1089 … Bites: effigy of Osiris buried in pine- … -soul of, identified with Kyon by … Islands of the Blest 36 117 465 … Isthmia, the festival 490q(5) 9510 … Rite: burial within the house 1059 … ■-coins of 11307 oath of 9290 … sanctuary of Zeus 890q … 600 with foot on head of cow 98 f.

1282

-breasts of 372 of a woman corre- … 5700 Antiocheia on the Orontes … Rites: feast of roast flesh and wine … struck with flint of Iupiter Feretrius … peror 100 ff. forefather of family … Genealogy: f. of Genius 1060 f. of

1283

tainer and sustainer of the world Associated with Fontes 3690 Fontes … 7250 universe 335„ a younger Ianus -acorn of (walnut) 7750 beard of … Attributes: bay-wreath 7512 dog (?) 331 334 830e 831j flame of (a flower) … spear 711 f. 848 thunderbolt 803 f. the Salian hymn 328 ff. … trident, and fork 803 f. bearded Genealogy: w. of Ianus 3683 394-3 … 11720 enthroned on a pillar 47 flint 1088 s. of Aution s. of Periphas … thunderbolt to Trajan 11810 on Jacob and Esau 451t ladder of 127 f. 129! … Janiform 326 ff. protecting emperor Jains, sacred column of 1502 … right hand and sceptre in left 11030 Type: on chalice of Antioch 12020 … right hand and sceptre in left T]jVe '■ 011 chalice of Antioch 12004

1284

of Adiabene near H460 tomb of … - of the Dispersion propagate the … Type: on chalice of Antioch i2oo4 … 939j burial of Minos (?) 9440 … Myth: witness birth of Zeus 9540 … eros) conceived as rebirth of the … of Semele's child 28 f. … Genealogy: youngest s. of Zeus 859 … -coins of 9780ff. 9830 earlier names … Genealogy : s. of Boreas by Oreithyia, … -coins of 4610 … Myth: attack the tree or column or … Genealogy: m. of Orpheus 1024 … Kallirrhoe (Kalliroe), d. of Acheloios

1285

Kallirrhoe (Kalliroe), d. of Acheloios (cont.) … Ao%ia, Eileithyia, Acheloios, the … Kamise, st. and w. of Ianos 3300 … m. of Bpaphos 9610 … -coins of 2960 Kj'klops in folk-tale … -coins of 573 f. … of Dioskouroi 9844 … Kasios, eponym of Mt Kasion in Egypt … Kasios, eponym of Mt Kasion in Syria 9814 … Kasos, f. of Kleomachos 981j … Genealogy : b. of Polydeukes 317 10157 … Katabasion of Trophonios at Lebadeia … -coins of 4865 … Genealogy: s. of Minos and f. of Al-

1286

Kaukasos, the giant 694n Keraunos … — coins of 1040 ff. 899j … Myth: founds altar of Zeus "Tiraros Compared withgolden hound 1227 … Myths: Apollon sheds tears of amber 1101 … -poplar in land of 468 Myth: Herakles 1041 f. (?) … Genealogy: s. of Apollon by Stilbe Type: ithyphallic 772j … -coins of 7847 Kibyra … Kephisos, river in Attike near Eleusis 1103 - coins of 1210 … Cult: Phaleron 183 f. Myths: buried in sanctuary of Aphro- … Ker Genealogy: f. of Adonis 6940 f. of … coins of 575 f. 5992 Odj-sseus 186 … See also Zeus Epithets Kepavpios Rites: burning of oaken images (Sot-

1287

8a\a) 011 altar of wood piled with … Plataia, d. of Asopos 898(i … Myth: contest of Kalchas with Mopsos … Klymene, m. of Phaethon 4733 479 (?) … •-ancient grove of cypresses at 52o5 … tomb of Zeus at 6950 wall-painting … Kokynthos, headland of Bruttii 1042 (?) … -Egyptian kyrbeis of 10950 … Myth: Kyknos, s. of Poseidon 669 … Genealogy: d. of Zeus by Rhea or

1288

.-coins of 906;; 907o coins struck in … Lakereia 484 bears the second As- … Myths: drown cries of infant Zeus … Rite: wearing of white-poplar 470 … Kotys, s. of Manes 311 f. with Atys as … 9622 drown cries of infant Zeus … Genealogy: sons of Zeus 940n … the child Zeus or Dionysos 1210 … Kragos, eponym of Mt Kragos … --■ coins of 832 f. … Krateuas, herbal of 3952

1289

fice of children by Kouretes 548 … out by Zeus 9410 9420 driven out of … from Rhea stone instead of Zeus … 550 553 f! 845 861 head-dress of … laws of 9330 pillars of 422 sceptre … day of month 237n … Genealogy: w. of Zeus 298

1290

Genealogy: sons of Ouranos by Ge … Kyknos, king of Liguria 477 ff. … Function: maddens the lover 11640 … ■—— coins of 424 three-eyed ogre in … -coins of 708.) leaden anchor from … Myth: nuises of Zeus 227 f. … ■-remains of temple at 588ff. sacred … Labryandos, the king 588 … -oaths of 233 2337 7300 sacrifice of

1291

Genealogy: d. of Ouranos by Ge 1023 … Ladon, the dragon 1017 … Laios, f. of Oidipous … Genealogy: w. of Vishnu 774x … -coins of 674j Xenophon at 1106 f. … Laodikeia on the Lykos … protection of Kouretes 9683 … -coins of 1192 formerly called … -migration of (?) 1123 … Rites: erection of beam pierced by … Function: souls of deified ancestors

1292

Larisa, old name of Tralleis 5872 … Gargaros, s. of Zeus 9500 … Genealogy: m. of Lar 1059 … Latos, oath of 7300 … -hdthros of Agamedes at 1075 con- … cp. 9410 keeps egg of Nemesis in … -egg of (?) 1062 … Rite: workmen begin the year's work … Myths: Enorches 1021 head of Orpheus … Genealogy: m. of Apollon 2 370 4 84

1293

Leuke, d. of Okeanos 468 … Leukippos, b. of Aphareus 4382 1089 … 1031 descent to the dead 256 reared … Libye, the country … -rock-engravings of 6880 … 9230 Dionysos 9250 Psithyros the … Lips in Phoenician cosmogony 1037 f. … prayers of injured man 11000 1101 … Myth: Road of the Birds 38 462 … Livia, fresco from house of 145 ff. … Longinus, the blind soldier 3050 … --coins of 709 … Type: on chalice of Antioch 12004

1294

-coins of 2960 1210 religious pro- … -bronze statuettes of Zeus from … Genealogy: f. of Dia 486! f. of Kallisto … Rite: imprecations by the Theoi ZkXi;- … -solar symbol of 698 … Lykoros (Lykoreus), s. of Apollon by … Lykos, god of light (?) 9020 1013 … Lyons, marble statuette of Zeus at 759 f. … -oath of 7230 7310 … Rite: sacrifice of bull 5652 … Ma as equivalent of M??t?7p 2934 … Macrobii of Apollonia on Mt Athos 500 … Magnes, a herdsman of Mt Ide in Phrygia, … -coins of 2492 … -coins of 957o … -coins of 1079

1295

Magni, s. of Thor 640 … -coins of 32 3 41 2 5 480 11364 folk- … Malkandros, f. of Palaistinos or Pelousios … -coins of 552 845 9830 (?) … Malos, s. of Zeus 4880(o) … Manes, forefather of the Lydians 311 f. … sea-water in sanctuary of Poseidon … -battle of 854 tetrapolis of 875x (3) … Genealogy: f. of Sikyon 1146 s. of … Type: on chalice of Antioch 120041202p … Maroneia, coins of 271., … Myth: herdsman finds sword of Mars … -head of, as shield-sign of Salii … Marys, the three 1380 … -coins of 563

1296

made of stone from Mt Agdos flung … Type: on chalice of Antioch 12004 … Mayence, column of 93 ff. 1213 f. … -coins of 324 … Genealogy: m. of Chrysaor 457 … Demeter, etc. as a form of the … — coins of 163 1684 185 f. 1139o … Megaros (Megareus), s. of Zeus by one of … Myths: cures Iphiklos, s. of Phylakos … Meliai, nymphs of Mt Dikte 933„ … Melindia, m. of Persephone by Aides king

1297

Genealogy: f. of the nymphs Adrasteia … --coins of 7880 ii364 incised gem … Memnon, s. of Heos … -sceptre of 11325 … Genealogy: b. of Aesculapius secundus … Merops, king of Kos … Merops, seer of Perkote 1072 … -coins of 794 … --coins of 741 f. 1222 1223 … -■ coins of 6673 … Theon, Mother of the gods … Mother of the gods … Genealogy: d. (?) of Erebos and Nyx … Meton, the astronomer 1130;

1298

Myth : cleft of Chonai 115 … -well of 115 … Mid-Lent, folk-celebrations of 868 … Demos of Rome 1228 Ai6s 'EA7u<5es … Myth : Neleus, s. of Kodros 405 ff. … Genealogy : s. of a Satyr by the nymph … part of terrestrial road 497 844 … of sun 40 conceived as path for … tion of solar rays 40 conceived as … versed by 4778 names of 37 f. 52 62x … -helmet of 95x … Myths : buried in precinct of Rhea on … Genealogy: f. of Glaukos 1087 f. of … 9400 priestly king of Knossos 9440

1299

Genealogy : f. of Orchomenos 11505 s. … Genealogy: m. of Muses by Zeus … Genealogy: daughters of Ouranos by … -as attribute of Zeus 11385 … Genealogy: sons of Molione, nominally … Rite: sacrifice of first-born 11082 … --coins of 563 f. 6075

1300

Mother of the gods (cont.) … Genealogy: m. and w. of Zeus 2982 … Genealogy : child of Aer and Aura 1036 … Genealogy : daughters of Zeus 'OXv/x- … of 572 ff. 577 f. 5924 5973 1220 head … -coin of 680 f. … -coins of 259o 1079 votive ladders … Nabu, statue of, at Calah 1089

1301

Nana, d. of Sangarios 9694 … -coins of 4865 … -coins of 4080f. 8870(3i) 1080 … Neda, the nymph 8906 … Identified with Eridanus the constel- … Nemea, the festival 490C(5> 1226 … females touching bosom of dress … Antiocheia on the Orontes 11913 … Genealogy: m. of Helene by Zeus … Rite: rule of succession to office of … -on column of Mayence 96 99 … -contorniate medal of 11280 … New Year's Day, pagan rites of, denounced

1302

-coins of 349 918j 10992 … -of gold 1190 … -: coins of 1084 … Nilus, the constellation 481 … Nisaia, port of Megara … Noah," axe of 609 f. … -in Phoenician cosmogony 1037 f. … Genealogy : f. of Antiope 1013 f. of … Tritonides 8980 as nurses of Dio- … -coins of 564 801 … Genealogy: d. and w. of Phanes 1026 … -oracle of 2574 sceptre of 1026

1303

Oceanus, the constellation 481 … -coins of 11260 … 3050 rides through the hall of … -coin of 661 f. … -raft of 9063 … Genealogy: f. and b. of Eteokles and … -grave of 1154 … Oinomaos, house of, at Olympia 706 … Myths: Drvope 486 pyre of Herakles … Genealogy : f. of Leuke 468 f. of … Types: recumbent with head-dress of … Way 481 garden of 1021 woods of … - coins of 4930(7> leaden bucrania … Olenos, s. of Zeus by Hippodameia d. of

1304

Rites: altar of Zeus made of ashes … cut pieces of boar 726 f. ox sacri- … -altar of Zeus at 21 Altis at 9152 … --gods on summit of 853 remains … -coins of 9724 … Genealogy: m. of Aer and Aura by … Ophis, king of Salamis 1087 … Orchomenos in Arkadia, coins of 2285 … Rite : burial within the house 1060 … Genealogy: d. of Erechtheus 444 m. … Genealogy : s. of Agamemnon 1179 … the planet Kronos 6934 6 940

1305

Orontes, personification of the river … -Amphiareion near 1071 f. coins of … Genealogy : s. of Kalliope 1021 s. of … Christian art 1208 Polygnotos 1220 … -gold tablets of 118 ff. numerical … Myth: birth of Artemis 9622 … Byblos 2900 ladder of Ba.126 wooden … -seed of 4820 … -hall of Dendrophori at 297 Me- … Gemalogy: f. of Chousoros 1037 f. s. … Ourania, the Carthaginian goddess … Genealogy: b. of Zeus 9400 f. of Aphro- … --coins of 386 … Pagai, port of Megara

1306

Pagasos the Hyperborean 169 … 9320 larnax of painted earthenware … Palaistinos, s. of Malkandros 9860 … Function: one of the Penates 1059 … Genealogy: s. of Volcanus by Aetna … Genealogy: sons of Adranos (the … death of Pan 347 ff. … -cave of, at Aule in Arkadia 2492 … 879pd7) Tyche 1066 Tyche of An- … Panamoros, the Koures 587 … -coin of 3232 (?)

1307

-journey of 42 f. 43j 476 … -view from summit of 9012 … may not enter precinct of Zeus … Parthenon, east frieze of 1135 ff. east … Parthenos = Virgo, the constellation 399i … Pas (Pa?) as equivalent of Harr)p, Pater … Genealogy: d. of Helios 947o … -coin of 186 omphalos at 167 votive … — coins of 1214 … -coins of 7437 821 … -on column of Mayence 96 98 … Pegasus, the constellation 1017^ 10180

1308

Genealoyy : f. of Lykaon IO964 … Pelegon, s. of Axios 5880 … of apotheosis 212 … Rite: procession of men clad in fleeces … -remains on summit of 8700 871o … Rite: wood of white-poplar used for … Genealoyy: f. of Atreus 957o f. of … -coins of 9860 … Genealoyy : s. of Malkandros 9860 … tecting the penus 1068 … Genealoyy : m. of Pan by Hermes 691 … Rites: altar of Zeus made of ashes

1309

of bull's flesh 2872 9540 … altar of Zeus <£t\toj at 1180 para- … -coins of 5603 6653 7730 … Periphas, s. or f. of Lapithes 1122 f. … Genealogy: d. of Zeus by Rhea or … -marriage with 1164 ff. name of, … Genealogy : s. of Danae' 464 s. of Pikos … Perseus, the constellation 464 477§ … Rite: sacrifice of horses 8902 … Mater 9694 Mother of the gods 310 f. … -coins of 708 f. … combs 12004 on chalice of Antioch

1310

stone instead of Zeus 901j … Genealogy: s. of Helios by Klymene … after the dpi-rravov of Kronos or … --celt from 509 coins of 4910(6) … Phalakron (Phalakra, Phalakrai), the … Phalaris, bull of bronze made for 910, 9240 … liroe), d. of Acheloios 183 Kephisos … Genealogy: f. by Nyx of Ge or Gaia … his back, heads of lion, goat, ram … -sceptre of 1026 … Genealogy : s. of Zeus 6940 9430 … - career of 757s … Rite: beating of Underground Folk … -bridal chamber of 11640 11642

1311

Rite: procession of Ianus on Kalendae … Pbilandros, s. of Apollon 2180 … Genealogy: m. of Zeus 'E7rtre\etos … Philip of Macedon … Genealogy : m. of Aphros and Cheiron … -sacred pillars of 423 425 … Phoibe, one of the Heliades 500n … Functions : interpreter of Zeus 500 sky … factors of society 11320 Esmun … Phoinike, old name of Tenedos 662 … Genealogy : s. of Okeanos by Tethys … Genealogy: s. of Athamas and f. of … 1156 Mother of the gods 9700 … -coins of 2960

1312

Phrygia, personification of the district … Phylakides, s. of Apollon 2180 … Phyllis, the river-god … Pictones, coins of 1040 … king of Assyria 6940 695o king of … -tomb of 2206 3420 … Pinalos, eponym of the Lycian town … Pisias (Pisides?). eponym of Pisidai 973j … Plain of Zeus 1021 … -coins of 572 f. … -as s. of Apollon 2370 portrait- … Types: rape of Persephone 801 seated … -palace of 1226 tomb of 348 … Genealogy: b. of Machaon 317 … -coins of 363

1313

Cults: Larissa in Thessaly 1155 Ski- garden of Zeus 1027 … Associated with Hermes 1155o Zeus Porsenna, tomb of 1219 … Polybios, the Giant 713 Pontos 9750 Praisos 7310 Selinous … Genealogy: b. of Kastor 317 10157 s. of 786! Kopvcpaios £ir Ovktifiiroio Kap-qvwv … Polygnotos, the painter 1220 plunged into sea 975o sacrifice . of … Polyk'leitos 389., 7113 (?) 742 749 749x 893, strikes with trident the Akropolis … Polyphemos, s. of Elatos 471 form of Zeus 318 582 786 846 850 … -coins of 3420 Attributes : bident 8060 eagle 798 Nike … Cults: Poseidon 975o Zeus 'Srpa.Tws attributes of Zeus 796ff. … pillars of Herakles in 422 582 ff. Zeus and Ares 1225

1314

■-crabs sacred to 6652 ' sea" of, on … Genealogy: f. of Aer and Aura by … Praetextatus, Catacomb of 1206 … --coins of 8713(4) … Praxidike, w. of Tremilos (Tremiles ?) 9712 … Genealogy : gs. of Ilos 8 … Rite : sacrifice of asses 464 … - shrine of 1540 … 5055 picture of 9860 … -coins of 907-) … -coins of 9722 f. … and heads of bulls and snake 1022 f. … Protogonos in Phoenician cosmogony 981i … Prousias, eponym of Prousa ad Olympum

1315

Psithyros, the god … -apsidal temple of 9000 … -as hypostasis of Apollon (?) 453 … Pyrrha, w. of Deukalion 971o … Functions: as rebirth of Apollon 221 ff. … tion from mind of Zeus 225 dis- … 557i on semicircles of Dioskouroi … Pythia, the priestess … -■ bones and teeth of, kept in Del- … -— nostrils of 7730 7740

1316

Function: one of the Roman Dios- … 524 mysteries of Zeus 'ISaios 9324 … gives Kronos stone instead of Zeus … Genealogy : d. of Okeanos by Tethys … Mother of the gods 9700 Semiramis … -thickets of, in Crete 9410 … --coins of 4920(0) … ------coins of 5470 … fivpios (?) 9240 statues of Harmodios … -coins of 253 f. 4697 9240 colossus … Rhodos, w. of Helios 6849

1317

Soma, the personification of Korne … 7250 spear of Mars 5472 Theos … -bronze plaque from 6644 coins of … lanus at 400u pyramids of 11451(f,) … -oak of 92 f. … Function : one of the Roman Dios- … Eosarno, pinax of terra eotta from 1043 … Festival: Feast of the Golden-reindeer- … Sabas, St, founder of monastery near … Sabus. s. of Sancus 7240

1318

-full moon at battle of 854 … -hymn of 2940 328 ff. 337 … 825 1088 imitates thunders of Zeus … Ciilt: summit of Mt Gerizim 8880(o) … --pyramid of 9830 … Genealogy : w. of Brahma 7744 w. of … -coins of 424 957q formerly called … coins of 143

1319

Saron, the hunter 413 f. … Saron, the place-name or river-name 4140 … Genealogy : f. of Iupiter 9400 9410 … of a Satyr by the nymph Myrice … Scandinavia, rock-carvings of 687 the … Seirios, rising of 949;-, … Seleukeia, a later name of Tralleis 9580 … — coins of 809 f. 85 0 9 820f. 1192 … Selinous in Kilikia, coins of 1010 … drinks potion containing heart of … Genealogy : m. of Dionysos 220

1320

-ascent of 242 nurse of 1031 pic- … Genealogy: w. of Nebrod (Nimrod) … -as euphemistic title of Erinyes … --coins of 7440 821 1079 … Rite: burial of lobster 665i … Set, ladder of 126 … Myths: burial of Kronos 5550 burial … -coins of 8690 … of 4552 … Asklepios becomes f. of Aratos by … Types: kneeling 1992 with wreaths of … Genealogy: f. of Apollon 221 252 … -coins of 572 (?)

1321

Simon Magus Cults: Achilles 'Lord of the Island' … Sinjerli, Hittite relief from 767<> stele of Tlairaios 2924 … 8830(25) Zeus Zdpaircs UH3 Slingsby and the Snapping Turtle 1151 … -throne of Pelops on 9562 ——- bronze medallion from 629 f. … Sirens 1784 Smyrna, old name of Ephesos 9622 … Optimus Maximus 11944 siades 2 portrait-herm of (with … Genealogy: f. of Halmos and Por- Sol … Skamandria, coins of 9495 Types: colossal 2545 driving chariot … Cult: Zeus'ISatos (ElSalos) 9510 -in hymn of Salii(?) 329o(D(3)(6)(6) … Cults: Polis 878o(o) Zeus "T^kttos -temple of 425ff. 8880(0) 12040 … Skyllis 739 Solymos, eponym of Solymoi 9734

1322

Sophokles, portrait-herm of (with Eu- … Sotades, the potter 3460(?) … Spalaxos or Palaxos, the Koures 587 … octennial probation of kings 4402 … Stektorion, coins of 566 … Sterope, d. of Kepheus 1147n … Stilbe, d. of Peneios … -coins of 573 7142 … Symaithos, eponym of the river Symaithos … ■-coins of 313 362 f.

1323

Rite : contest of rustic singers wearing … --coins of 761 8I64 1189 f. Sun, … --coins of 7437 … Tahiti, the Scythian Hestia 2930 … Tacitus, M. Claudius, statue of, struck … Tainaros, s. of Zeus 8905 … -tomb of 3420 … Genealogy: f. of Aizen 964.; f. of Pelops … Rite: sacrifice of asses to the Winds … Rite: sword of Apollon washed in … -coins of lOlj 5503 571 761 f. … Genealogy : f. of Typhon by Ge 448-> … -coins of 754j 7899 1064

1324

Taurus, the constellation 1030 664! … Apollon 'AyvKvs 1640 of Skephros … 1148 pyramid-on-pillar as form of … Tegeates, f. of Skephros 1646 … Telamcm in Etruria, coins of 383 … -a parallel to the story of, from … Genealogy : h. of Astyoche 28I4 … Function: procreative power of As- … -coins of 313 566 … -coins of 8730(9) … of bull-calf 522 … -— coins of 654 ff. 668 673 847 double … weights of 658 … Tennes, king of Sidon 662 … Terentum in the Campus Martius 32

1325

-coins of 973x 9740 … Cults: Hittites 766! 7670 910! list of … Genealogy: d. of Ouranos by Ge 1020 … Tetraotos, a Phoenician freebooter 322fl … Cults: Laodikeia on the Lykos 1186 … dress of crab's-claws 6653 1185 … --antefix from 1230 coins of 3880 … -coins of IIO7 '0/xoAwt'5es TrvXai at … Rite : TraWcLKides of Zeus 07](Saievs 9600 … pillar of light ( = Apollon) 1217 … --a possible doublet of Thetis 268 … -coins of 3125 313 … Theognetos, the Thessalian 1024

1326

Laodikeia on the Lykos 8820(23) … eiairoiwToi d8e\<poL, under control of … the Zeus or Iupiter of Heliopolis … -cult of, propagated by Jews of … Theoteknos introduces cult of Zeus $t\ios … -archaic inscriptions of 1226 votive

1327

Genealogy : f. of Hippolytos 1087 gs. … Thespia, d. of Asopos 11513 … -apsidal temple of 9000 … -coins of 411(5 … Rites: burial within the house 1061 … Type : with head-dress of crab's-claws … Rite : erection of beam pierced by iron … Genealogy: f. of Magni 640 s. of … temple of 5332 … Myth : gives wings etc. to the gods … Thoukydides, portrait-herm of (with … Greece 114 coins of 1133J (?) kings … Myth: death and burial of Dionysos

1328

Thrasyllos, monument of 2455 … - coins of 561 f. 845 coin of, in … Thyestes, f. of Enorches … —— sceptre of 11324 11326 … Thyonianus as rebirth of Dionysos (?) 393g … Genealogy : sons of Ouranos by Ge … In relation to the Cretan Zeus or … Tloos, eponym of the Lycian town Tlos … Myths: birth of Zeus 9572 1228 Zeus … -coins of 563 … -coins of 1140 … Traianopolis in Kilikia, coins of 101o … ■-Arch of, at Beneventum 11810

1329

iepofjivfjfjLoves 9580 priest of Zeus … Tremilos (Tremiles ?), eponym of Tremile … --coius of 1079 underground ddyton … Cults : Antiocheia on the Orontes 981! … -coins of 416 797 kings of 414 … Function : hypostasis of Zeus (?) 1075 … Myths: birth of Zeus 9510 capture … Cults: Antiocheia on the Orontes … Personated by Antiochos i of Komma- … -of Antoninus Pius 8790(i7> of

1330

Type : supporters of sky 432 … -coins of 917j 918„ … sinews of Zeus 228 4482 cuts up … Syria 981i swallows eye of Horos … -coins of 6653 1036 f. 12095 … Myth : sprung from blood of Saturnus … - mirror of 609x on column of … Rites : feast of roast flesh and wine

1331

-on column of Mayence 96 99 100 … -on coins of Prostanna 9722f. … -on column of Mayence 96 98 on … Functions: consort of Diana 392 ff. … Virgin, the … Virgins, the Seven, of Ankyra II864 … -on column of Mayence 96 100 … Genealogy: h. of Lakshmi 7744 h. of … -sixth incarnation of 66O4 seventh … -coins of 382 f. … Genealogy: f. of Palicus by Aetna 9090 … ■-- on column of Mayence 96 100 … Ilite: sacrifice at beginning of summer

1332

Xenokles, the potter 785 7899 … Xenophilos, the sculptor 1079 … sits on throne of Zeus 838 1030 … Genealogy : s. of Zeus by Phersephone … route as Aigokeros 9380 toys of … Zamis, b. of Ehea 6940 … shippers in form of a divine bull … -in the plural [laves) 3430 349 354 … Zanes, plural of Zan 3430 349 354 … of Kronos 4480 … Genealogy : s. of Boreas by Oreithyia, … Cult: Antiocheia on the Orontes 428

1333

Genealogy: b. of Ampkion 317 s. of … Functions : herdsman 1013 one of the … Antandros 815 Antigoneia on the … the Orontes 11874 Boutbroton … Chaironeia (sceptre of Zeus) 5472 … Daphne, near Antiocheia on the … Antiocheia on the Orontes 1187 f.

1334

mene 817 Laodikeia on the Lykos … Nicopolis on the Danube 8080(9)

1335

9230 9240 9250 9460 Ehodes the … (Termessus Maior) 321i 973! f. the

1337

Antiocheia on the Orontes 1191

1339

mon made of ashes from thighs of … burial of bull 345 539 ceremonial … god killed and eaten in form of … initiation 1186 jars of Zeus Kttj- … Zeus 'OXvp-irios and the Olympians … cheia on the Orontes 11866 my- … offerings on altar of Zeus "Tiraros … tion in cult of Zeus $i'\ios 1186

1340

sion 987o thigh-pieces of oxen burnt … may not enter precinct of Zeus … 9220 head of priest of Zeus '0-rr\6a- … 1225 £v\evs at Olympia 471 of Zeus … Priestesses: buried near temple of … 1228 forefather of family 1061 … scended from Aiolos 1159 kings of … 448i 1027 birth of Athena 7212 1029 … Tmolos 9572 brings the babe Diony- … of souls 630 childhood 8990 chooses … Hermippe d. of Boiotos 1150 He- … one of the Sithnides 897x Thaleia

1341

and Kronos 1027 creates the world … brother 932x 9330 has sinews of his … jars of good and evil 1067 f. Kapa- … Typhon 909o places heart of Dio- … Kronos and becomes king of Italy … stead of him 7938 901i Rhea, preg- … king of Italy 6940 swallows Metis … create the world 316 transforms … round the world and ties up the … Genealogy : b. of Ouranos 9400 f. of

1342

of Dionysos 317 10980 f. of the … gonic 1230 counsel 3172 creator of … of clan 1162 generous giver 321i giver … server of right and wrong 1130 1130! … 1023 prayers 1099 preserver of the

1343

faring 987o sender up of souls 1058 … of gold 9160 himdtion of wool 9160 … golden wings and heads of bulls … 301 bust as support for arm of Attis

1344

of Herakles to Olympos 735 ff. 771 … means of fillets 574 long-haired … Polykleitos the younger (?) 1178 pot … in attitude of benedictio Latina 291 … hands above head of Acheloios

1345

eagle beside him 1143 1230 standing chanos 9460ff. the world 1028 f. … upborne on eagle between horns of Selene, Asklepios, Hygieia, etc. … 2930 Agamemnon, the god (?) 1069 2590Herakles 4920(0) 1157i Herakles … form god 323 Chrysor, the Phoe- and Erinys 11027 Muses 8985 Nike

1346

of Dione 353 Dios, the Thraco- … cosmogony (?) 1051 acorn of (chest- … visch' 11370(?) back of, aer 1028 … immoralities of, attacked by Chris-

1347

9330 sacred stone of 9820f. in the … driver of two-horse chariot 75 rider … -name of, attached to Runic letter … Genealogy: children of Mot 1038

Index II: Subjects – Authorities

1348

The larger numerals refer to pages, the smaller numerals … Acorn of Iupiter (walnut) 7750 of Zeus … Adelphofc in cult of Theos Hypsistos … Adyta of Asklepios at Trikke 1088 of Zeus … -■ conceived as ear(?) of Zeus 10288 … Allegorical (?) figure of Kairos by Lysippos … -bearing image of Mt Argaios 9780 … holed 1056 1058 in two stages 9750 of … tops 873i fire-altars (?) 426 of Zeus 2318

1349

juice or sweat of solar rays 499 as tears … of 636 f. studs of 618 with neolithic … -correspond with routes of Hyper- … Ambrosia, a mixture of water, oil, and … Anchor as symbol of Okeanos 479 … 9694 of Orphists: Ananke or Adrasteia … Animals made of bread or wax as surrog- … of Sanchouniathon 1037 … of herbs, puppet, bust, statue) 1172 … Apotheosis, caldron of 210 ff. 841 1031 f. … Appellative of deity becomes separate … golden, surmounted by cross 609 of … of Diana Nemorensis (?) 4204 of king … as type of Ianus 354 ff. 842 at Oea 3602 … Armlets of silver 998 .

1350

Arrows of Kama 774x … of Titans made into men 1032 … 994 cult of 4646 milk of 463! must … Atonement, rite of 10972 … father of she-bear's son 679 as visible … monial, of bronze over clay core 618 … part of horse 633 f. combined with … column or pillar implies union of sky- … union of sky-father with earth-mother … in rites of Intercidona 6438 inscribed, … scribed 619 1221 of iron set up as … 533 845 as heirloom of Lydian kings … between horns of bucrania 539 between … means of fillet with amphora 657 con- … 6474 decoration of 635 ff. deity of 543 ff.

1351

537 653 duplication of 652 ff. 668 … trunk 517 f. 520 f. 533 845 head of, … Crete, primarily the attribute of … tite pillars 530 ff. 845 of amber 636 f. … passes through successive phases of … ship of 517 f. 519 ff. shouldered by … union of sky-father with earth-mother … -of ' Minoans' identified with Kronos … art of western Europe 685 ff. … Axe-head adorned with figure of horse or … with lioness 1221 of semi-precious … Axe-worship 5443ff. development of 609 … 5450 5460 in northern islands of Aegean … Axis of universe 443 169 170i 840 … Ball as agonistic type 9642 (?) as toy of … Banner of Constantine the Great 603

1352

Base, the Chigi 1992 pi- X1i … BasUissa (BasUinna) on eastern frieze of … Bay-leaves chewed by the Pythia and … 1193 of gilt bronze 30^ of gold 301 (?) … Beam worshipped at Home as sort of … metamorphosis into 227 ff. priestess of … Beard of Iupiter (silver-bush) 7750 … Beauty of the Land 1007 1016 … Bed of Prokroustes 627 … Kronos drunk on honey of 1027 nurture … Bee-eater in myth of Merops king of Kos … Beetle, Aetnaean 909o wings of 1047 … of Phrygian Zeus 291

1353

Bifrontal deity as local variety of the … Bird as numen of sacred tree 692 golden … Birds, language of 1004 1016 not wor- … Birthday of Apollon 236 … Black-poplar in myth of Dryope 486 of … the Ustrinum Augusti 472 in woods of … Blood from birth of Zeus 9280 9290 let … means of baptism 306 of Giants made … Blue hair of Zetes and Kalais 4450 colour … relief on altar 1063 at foot of altar (?) … Boat, model of 521 solar 6482 with bull's … Bones, human, ground for bread 1002 of

1354

Bow of Apollon 202x 11925 of Artemis 2024 … Bowls of bronze or iron used by Bacchants … of prince with golden sun 1012! of … bowls of terra cotta or metal 3460 347o … Bridge of spikes 1380 … Borne 664! sheathing of the archway of … Broorh, folk-lore of 6423 in rites of De- … cadence of 540 ff. garlanded, on me- … Building-inscription for temple of Zeus … dragged by 1015 as centre of procreative … of corn-ears 2994 Zagreus as 1030 … Bull's head as prow of boat 142i in hand … 538 f. golden, in the sky 117 1028 sup- … Bull-worship of Hittites 910i

1355

1064 f. of head separately 2900 of infants … Burmannus, P., the elder 13f. … Butterfly as soul 3153 6454 on chalice of … Caduceus held by eagle 1193 of Agathos … Cakes called eXacpos 11404 in shape of … cooked 1030 f. of apotheosis 210 ff. 841 … 235 f. 841 fourfold division of Julian … Car, bronze, shaken in time of drought … 9150 1227 origin of 535 Phaethon's … Castration by knife 2996 684 f. by noose of … Catalogue of the gods 11354 … Cave-gods, syncretism of 839 … Celestial deities, worshippers of, look up

1356

Chalice of anti-Montanists 1208 of Antioch … Champion, local, as embodiment of Zeus … horses 4533 in cast bronze 9380 of … Chest of Kypselos 451 7390 … Christianity, appeal of, to Thraco-Phrygi- … Chthonian deities, worshippers of, look … Circle of fires or torches in Orphic ritual (?) … Cistern, curative, on rock-cut altar of Zeus … Clothes of women worn by men 11370 … aged and infirm 7032 of Argos 380 of … Index I under names of various states … Colossal statues of Herakles at Athens

1357

Column, monolithic 9152 9650 of Antoninus … mounted by image of goddess 9030 … priests of Zeus 580 … Communion with the dead by means of … 9694 by apple 682 by eye of Cod 671i0 … Conspectus of Orphic theogonies 1033 f. … Mother Earth necessary to priests of … as form of Attis 295 … Comu copiae as symbol of earth 1050 … Phoenician 1036 ff. … 1169 ff. in precinct of Zeus Kwftos 9210 … Cow of Ilos 349 … of Zeus 'Oaoywa 577 f. on chest of … Crab's claws as head-dress of Ampbitrite

1358

Crow as prophet of storm 5190 followed by … of Artemis 147i of Diana 147i of rex … Crucifixion, Hadrian erects statue of … Cuckoo as form of Zeus 8932 11442 in … Cup on Arch of Titus 12037 … Cursing, formulae of, on Phrygian tombs … Cycle of life in Orphic ritual 119 f. … Cypress-wood, roof of 932x 9340 … 600 'Minoan' 3^ of Death 8684 of … Danse Macabre See Dance of Death … Day, divisions of the 74 87 89 … Deities, dicephalous, of Baris in Pisidia

1359

Diadem ending in two stars 1189 of Zeus … Discovery of fire 981a of fishing 7154 1037 … 538 solar, radiate, on coins of Rhodes … Disks of bronze dedicated to Semo Sancus … Distaff of Zeus (vervain) 775o … Divination by appearance of Milky Way … 635 by sacrifice of pigs 1107 by severed … Doe, horned 465 f. 854 1219 in myth of … arm of lady 1380 in myth of Katreus … Dog-star, rising of 9495 … 7953 on either side of obelisk 1632 … Double busts of a single deity 365 ff. of a … Dove as oblation 535 of marble 8960 (?)

1360

Doves, bones of, in jar (?) 5550 in relation … folk-tales 990 ff. 1005 1016 f. of Mar- … 2822 1177 1228 of Achilles' son 414 … bazios 2830 sent by Zeus 2822 1228 the … Duplication of Attis 308 ff. of Augustus … -of corpse causes sound sleep 996 … of dialectic 177o as symbol of five sages … Eagle as animal counterpart of Zeus 752 … double, of Hittites 7792 flight of 7522 … fig (?)-tree 9642 in myth (?) of Agamem- … in Cretan cave 9280 of Agathos Demon … chalice of Antioch 1208 f. on column … on roof of shrine or temple 9820 on … sceptre and dolphin as emblems of

1361

4620 look at sun 2308 of Zeus 231 239 … Earth conceived as belly of Zeus 1028 … as half of cosmic egg 1020 1023 invoked … Egg as offering to dead 1060 birth of … 1035 f. 1039 halved to form caps of … Eight years' distribution of land in Dal- … Electrum, cup of, modelled on the breast … Emasculation of Agdistis 9694 of Attis … Enthronement, ritual, in cave of Zeus … Epiphany of Hector 9610 of Hemithea 671 … violator of tomb 277 ff. … Euphemistic titles of ancestor 1125x bear-

1362

Euphemistic titles of (cont.) … Exposure of children at Athens 1229 in … Eye as seat and doorway of soul 504 evil … Fasces of Roman lictors 635 1221 … of, in Christian art 1210 … Feet of Hephaistos 451x of Podaleirios 451j … 'Fig,' a prophylactic gesture known as the … at Sykea in Kilikia 11038 in myth of … beside the Eleusinian Kephisos 1103 … Finger, golden, in Epirote tale 224x of … in rites of Asklepios Zevs TeXetos 1076 … on common hearth of primitive folk … 4175 perpetual, on mountain of Zoro-

1363

34 sanctuary of, at lone 1187 springing … Fires of St Elmo 9800 … Fir-trees in myth of Dryope 486 on Mt … folk-tale from Epeiros 672 in hand of … ventor of 7154 1037 … Fleece as head-dress of priests at Anagnia … Flies as emissaries of a god, if not the god … Flute of Archigallus 299 (?) 300 … Folk-tales, types of : 1 Bluebeard' 9952 … buried in the house 1059 1060 f. called … Fork in relation to thunderbolt of Zeus … Foundation-myths of Alexandreia 1127o … in myth of Ap jllon and raven 8330 Sea

1364

Gad-fly on back of bull 9460 … Garden of the gods 1021 of Hera 1021 of … Gates of Day 42 of the gods 42 of men 42 … 450x of Attis 9700 of Jacob 451x … Gestures of salutation 1199 12092 of sup- … gilded) statues of Iupiter 45 46 … Globe as seat of Eros 1047 beneath feet

1365

86210 beneath foot of Kairos 860 8605 … Glue of bull's hide 9340 … Zeus 9280 9610 9680 of Mercurius 701 … Goats discover oracle at Delphoi 2172 of … tween horns 538 bull's horns in the … disks 9380 double axe 518 520 eagles of … Dareios 2814 plane-tree of Persian … 525 543 652 ring of Wodan 62x 990 … in Delos 2820 vine of Persian kings … Goose as form of Zeus 1075 in relation to

1366

Grave of 'Ascanius' 1146q of Asklepios … Griffin as support of Minerva's helmet … Gypsum, image of, containing heart of … form head of Boreas 380 ' Minoan ' … Half-man, folk-tale of, from Epeiros 671 f. … Hammer of Charles Martel 660x of Charon … Hand of God holding horn full of rays

1367

outwards, the other in profile 536 sup- … of Asia Minor 550 of Demeter 4480 of … Hat of bifrontal sky-god 385 f. of Odhin … Hawk as embodiment of Horos 7740 as … Head as means of divination 2900 as seat … (ancient Egypt) 1218 of priest of Zeus … Head-dress, Egyptian 9870 of crab's claws … Heart of Dionysos or Zagreus 1031 of … of Wodan 622 of Zeus "Apeios 705 f. … Herald of Zeus 1141 … cinct of god 9532 buried in sanctuary

1368

Hero-feast an antecedent of the celestial … Hetairai in service of temples 9590f. … Hierbs gdmos of Zeus and Hera 1020 … Holed vases convey liquid offerings to the … Honey as ingredient of cake 11404 (£X<k/>os) … Hoopoe as form of Zeus 1130 f. compared … horn) held by Heimdallr 305o of Zeus … cp. 1221 of devil, four, six, or eight in

1369

1220 ritual, originate in shrine of … precinct of Elektryone 4995 of the Plain, … 453.3 of children in ' Expulsion' tales … 9780 golden 1227 of Diana 69 of Perseus … Human sacrifice at foundation of Antio- … Human victim wrapped in skin of sacred … Hypaethral lightning-shrines of Kome 850 … Ianus as parent of the triumphal arch … Image hidden in bundle of wood 4213 of … Imprecations by the Theoi Skleroi 9720 … Initiates of Demeter and Kore 1322 of … Iron, discovery of 7154 9495 1037 … shoulder of Pelops 224 throne at Ba-

1370

as tattoo-mark 1220 (?) of Apollon 246 … Jackdaw as prophet of storm 5190 … Kronos 552 statues of the Slave Coast … Judgment of Eros 9495 of Paris 9495 … ised Irminsul 91 influence the com- … Kdlathos of Agdistis 1229 of Apollon … Keys of Ahriman 1054 of grief and glad-

1371

of, among Semites 11082 divinity of, … in sanctuary of goddess 9440 priestly, … Klste for severed genitals in cult of Kybele … oak 684 f. 848 hidden meaning of, in

1372

Kf/rbeis of Colchians 1095o of Solon 81;">i … Ladder as amulet 131 as emblem of various … Lamb on chalice of Antioch 1199 1208 on … Lamp-lighting in cult of Hypsistos 8810(2o> … Lance of mistletoe 3050 … Lapis lazuli, axe of 5105 cylindrical bar … Laws as voice of Zeus 10950 of Solon … Lead, imprecatory tablets of 11130(2) … Legs of couches 7602 of thrones 7602 … Latin 613 on vestments 1207o Phoe- … Libation as drink for soul of dead man

1373

to Zeus 'OXv/jiTnos and the Olympians … Lictors, Eoman 11810 axes of 633 ff. 680 … Lightning as an axe 505 ff. 685 as the … 805 8056 death by, a kind of euthanasia … 639 ff. son of 829 spiral 779 Zeus con- … 805 f. in Ionian art 769 f. 849 in Meso- … Lightning-lotos, Greek modifications of … Llknon, golden, as cradle of Zeus 9330 in … 527 774 dance in field of 49x loved by … Lion as amulet 3874 as form of Dionysos … ' tree-of-life' 9300 in folk-tale from … Lion-god of Hittites 550 ff. … 9380on axles of chariot-wheels 831i on

1374

Lion-skin beneath feet of Hera at Argos … Loadstone, discovery of 9495 … chalice of Antioch 11992(?) 11994 (?) … coins of Astakos 6663 … Lotos as symbol of reproduction, resur- … Mt Argaios (?) 9780 symbolism of 771 ff . … surmounting the head of divinity or … (Rhea ?) 515 rise from the mummy … Lyre in cult of Zeus ISpovrwv 838 f. 852 of … Magic as origin of jewelry 637 in cult of

1375

Mallet, iron, in myth of Prokroustes 627 … Manumission of slaves 8830(27) 8840(o) … with god or goddess of the Underworld … Mask, comic 11240 comic, as carapace of … Mattock of Zeus 806! … Meadows of Hera 1021 of Zeus 9330 … Milk as diet of newborn soul 41 f. 134 as

1376

Mint 11660 aphrodisiac 1165! taboo on Moon as egg 10157 (?) 1035 as eye of Zeus … Mirror, as toy of Dionysos 2512 face of Mooney, G. W. 8244 … Mistletoe, Baldr stabbed with lance of Morgan, M. J. de 766x … Mitre of high priest symbolises sky 3865 398 ff. 3980 420j … Molinet, C. du 626i two-peaked 8880(o) cults of Zeus on … axe 613 f. 846 Christian, on coins of Movers, F. C. 6754 7154 1038 11100 … Montgomery, J. A. 8880(0) Mule, hind foot of 7576 must not enter … kalendae Martiae 11397 'ATreAXcuos 9820 8930 types of deities 3224 3410 367 8930

1377

Myrtle, quickening qualities of HGSj … Myrtle-wreath, possible significance of … 9870 in Samothrace 3142 of Demeter … Nail of Talos 6450 sacred 57i 4233 5332 … Nativity, site of, occupied by grove of … Navel of Earth 1875 of Vishnu 774x of … Nectar as drink of infant Zeus 9280 as … Nome, divisions of the Pythian 2390 … Nudity necessary in capture of the bird … Nurses of Dionysos 274 f. 276 3470 1022 … Oak-brides of Zeus burnt on Mt Kithairon

1378

Italy 400 ft. of Keltoi 5700 of Make- … Oak-tree as effigy of Celtic Zeus 1110 as … cut down, decked as bride of Zeus, and … personified by priest of Nemi 400 of … 448i 1027 of Querquetulanae Virae … Oak windows, king of 722x … affirmations of private life 7273 7280 … pieces of boar 726 f. by Zeus "Zwrrjp … by Zeus, Poseidon, Demeter 7300 of

1379

Omphalos as centre of disk-shaped earth … 186 of Ge 231 239 1216 on coins of … Onions cause death of Diktys 986o grow … livered by snake or snakes 1075 of … horned 1304 1036 f. of Minerva 95x on … gamon 9550 on coins of Tyre 1036 f. on … 9500 tomb of, in Crete 3420 345 354 … Palace as name of temple 311 of brick at … of Zeus 2ad£tos ( = 2aj3d^ios) 2840 (?) … Pan-pipes of Apollon 246 2492 2493 of

1380

Paradise, various forms of Greek 465 … Peacock of Iuno 60o 67 with herm and … Pediments of Olympion at Agrigentum … Pe'plos of Athena in eastern frieze of … Pestle in rites of Pilumnus 6438 … relic 450iinade of deer-skin 1022 made … Phoenix as form of Ba 1035 on globe 3732 … Pictograph of double axe 613 … Pig in parody of mystic formula 3455 in … 1157 snout of, in clay 8960 worshipped … Pig-skin, articles made of, must not be

1381

Pillar as aniconic image of Arcadian god … solstice 11307 of early Germanic sky- … relation to double axe 528 ff. of Bri- … stars 386 of Attis 386 of Dioskouroi … Pine-tree, eagle on 9090 in grove of Diana … with effigy of Attis attached to it 3032 … in -yma, -ijmos 318 of ' Twin '-localities … drum 891o figure of Dionysos found … Planets, ladder of the seven (Sabian) 129 … Plough on altars of Zeus Bpovrwv 836 on … Pomegranate held by priest of Attis 300 … Pomegranate-twigs held by priest of Attis … Poplar-tree, fruit-bearing, in mouth of

1382

Poppies of Aphrodite 1165i of Bonus … Portraiture in Roman art of various … as a god 9500 keeps in his house the … Priesthood, annual tenure of 7414 743 … palace 9580 buried in precinct of deity … in Greece 7343 in Italy 99i 7343 of … Punishment of mother in ' Expulsion' … Puppies in rites of Diana Nemorensis … Putto as survival of Eros 1050 … Pyramids on tomb of Porsenna 1219 … Pyre as type of sepulchral monument (?)

1383

Queen of Athens receives diphros 1135 f. … Eain as sweat of Kronos 558o as water … Earn as ahroterion (?) 164 as centre of … Barn's head beneath foot of Asklepios … Earns of Ba'al-hamman 12082 … Eaven as bringer of rain 832 as prophet … Eebirth by means of taurobolium and … Beduplication in language and art 654 … Zakynthos 505 on basket of Archi- … Eelics 190 ff. {6fM<pa\6s of Zeus, etc.) 221 … Bending of Dionysos or Zagreus 218 f. … Besurrection, Attis as emblem of 309

1384

Rhdmbos 1030 Eolls on chalice of Antioch 1199 f. … Eichmond, 0. L. 1472 Rosary, beads of, sticking if owner is dead … Eiddle by Simonides of Keos 659i Rose held by Aphrodite 1043 on coins of … Riese, A. 573 716 82 896 3942 Rosettes on chalice of Antioch 1200 1204 … RifEer, V. 2912 tharos from Tiflis 1204 on sheath of … magical, in folk-tales of Kyklops 989 f. Ross, M. 2426 … Road of Apollon 499 f. of the Birds 38 462 Rouse, W. H. D. 111„ 513x 5392 6003 6462 … Eobiou, F. 11705 of bull to Zeus Srpartos 9750 of chariot … Eochette, E. 2070 2654 2870 1042 1145x deer 9260 of dogs 9260 of first-born to

1385

Sailing, inventor of 7154 1037 … Scallop-shell, symbol of Mother-goddess … mits divinity of king to successor … 7230 of Agamemnon 1132 11324 11326 … emblems of earth, air, and sea (?)

1386

of Ares 5473 680 … ' Sea' of Poseidon on Akropolis at Athens … Seed as food for dead 1058 of Osiris … Seventh day of the month, sacrifices to … Cave 938o of marble dedicated to Zeus … Shirts turning black at failure of owners … of buried bull 539 f. See also Temple … Silence of Eleusinian mystics 2952 of … bowl of Augustan age 1205s bowls … ( = Milky Way) 4800 'shrines of Diana'

1387

553 statuettes of Zeus 755 ff. … Sinews of bears 450o of Hippolytos 416 of … Skeuomorphic conception of thunderbolt … Skin of sacred animal wrapped round … gateway 160 178 as half of cosmic egg … Twins of different aspect 435 f. resting … of, personified 422 ff. 843 symbolised … of 434 f. 843 … Slaves, emancipation of 7290 … Snails on chalice of Antioch 1199 … euphemistic names of 1153x golden … 1057 in tree of life 1380 kept in Erech- … heads of god, bull, lion 1022 Zeus

1388

willow-tree 829 of Apate 854 of Artemis … Snake-heads of terra cotta in shrine at … Son conceived as rebirth of his own father … as wind 1039 issues from the mouth … Sow beneath oak(?)-tree 324 in contest of … Spear, oath by 13x 5472 of Achilles 799 … Spear-head, double-pointed 799 on coin of … temple of Zeus Acktcuoj 931o held down … Spiral relief of columna cochlis 107 … Spring, the, marriage of sky-god with … Pompeii 149 of Artemis 411 4533 of … Stags, foreparts of, on sheath of Artemis … Stalactite pillars of Psychro Cave full of … of the Nativity 12002 (?) of Venus

1389

of Zeus 1028 as lamps hung by cords … shipped in Arabia 428 f. of children in … Statue, evolution of 149 fallen from Zeus … Storks, land of 998 men transformed … 158i as egg 1035 as eye of Wodan … lotos in India 774 golden, on breast of … Supplication, gesture of 1175 … thunderbolt with wings of 781

1390

(from) land of Hyperboreans 459 ff. … Swine of Molpadia and Parthenos 670 f. … of Attis with Adonis, Osiris, Dionysos, … Table-altar) invoked 7280 of Zeus 11418 … Talisman, snake (soul of ancestral king) … (fipddu) 981! flourishes on the Maian- … in palaeolithic times 1220 of Thraeians … Tears of Apollon (amber) 484 of Heliades … dipteral, of Zeus '0\v/j.ttios at Athens … Testicles of bull in taurobolium 3064 of

1391

Theogonies of Akousilaos 3154 of Hesiod … Theriomorphic conceptions of Arcadian … Thigh, golden, of Pythagoras 223 ff. … Tholos-tombs of Asklepios at Trikke(?) … Threatening of barren tree 681 f. … Thunder as chariot of Zeus 830 as horse … cp. 810 from the blue 65 from the eyes … Thunder-drum (?) of Ziu 83

1392

Tiger as form of Dionysos or Zagreus … from, significance of 345@ made of … Tomb of Apollon 221 225 of Dionysos … to horns of wild bull 1015 of Artemis … rites of Mountain-mother 934q in rites … Tortoise beneath foot of Aphrodite Qvpavla … Tower of Kronos 36 52 of Zan 178 spiral' … Tree as graffito on chalice of Antioch (?) … rites of Persephone 3032 identified with … Trees as life-tokens 1165x list of lucky … vegetable form of the earth-mother 3032 … Triad of sacred trees 9270(?) 9380 of … pronged 7880lotiform 786 ff. of Apollon

1393

Trident-mark of Poseidon on Akropolis at … Triplication of Greek oaths 7300 … evolution of columnar 193 ff. 1216 in … with golden effigies of Asklepios, … Triumphing general as embodiment of … Turtle, the Snapping, and Slingsby 1151 … tradition 440 ff. list of mythical 317 … 9380 9390 of Agdistis 1229 See also … Underworld conceived as feet of Zeus 1028 … on border of 471 … Urn, agonistic 4900(5) 491o<o) 562 9642 of … Vases : amphorae of Dioskouroi 1062 ff.

1394

Apulia 541 ff. neolithic 9340 of bronze … Vegetation animated by souls of the dead … Vine, golden 2814 11843 1217 in myth of … Vine-branch of Dionysos 1133i … Vine-staff of Zeus Airvaws 909o … Vintage in relief of Asdoules 2703 of Erotes … altar 1540 magnify the god 463 repeat … Vulture in myth of Melampous 684 in … Walnut called 'acorn of Iupiter' (iuglans)

1395

Water as gift to the dead 9770 1056 1058 … Water-mint, aphrodisiac properties of … Week, days of the 69 ff. … in garden of Zeus 1119 of St Micbael … of Thrace and Paionia 500 f. wrapped … magical 1030 of Fortuna 576 °f lupiter … Whip, Corcyraean, at Dodona 826 of … Mt Kynthos 9220 ladder in dream of … Acheron 467 ff. in land of Chalybes … Herakles 469 symbolism of 469i 471 … 467 cp. 471 wreath of, in rites of

1396

Wild Hunt compared with myth of Phae- … land of Hyperboreoi (?) 466 at Olympia … 9460 947o fruit-bearing, in mouth of … Windows in temple of Zeus at Labranda … weapons 719 of Ahriman 1053 f. of … Witches cause death of two Jewish … Wolf as emblem of river Lykos 5722 (?) … Women excluded from cult of Theos … from 'woodman' of Zeus 471 for sacri- … Woodpecker as form of Cretan Zeus 524 … Africa 6970 names of 6929 6933 6960 … Wool, bosom of Attis covered with 970o … Woollen clothing, taboo on 9850 effigies of … 1035 figured by Egyptians as circle of

1397

Wreath of bay 244 2 6 6 3 8 8 3 9 0 5 973 7142 … Xoanon 11962 made of lucky tree stripped … hood, annual tenure of and Index I … Yoke as symbol of Ianus Quirinus (?) 364j … Zoistic conception of burning sky 11 f. of

BY W. LEWIS AT THE

Tafeln

Plate 33

The Eastern Pediment of the Parthenon (Restored)

Plate 33a

The Eastern Pediment of the Parthenon (Existing Fragments)

Maßstab/Farbkeil

The central slab from the Eastern Frieze of the Va&Q?* * ^'j^al Apotheosis of the King and Queen at Al jj^ ^ c

OCR fulltext

Information about OCR text

The Mountain-cults of Zeus

899

Mount Laphystion1.
A mountain near Lebadeia2.

the battle of Plataiai (479 B.C.) was bidden by the Delphic oracle to pray to Zeus, Hera
Kidaipuvia, Pan, and the Sphragitid nymphs (Plout. v. Aristid. 11): Pausanias, turning
towards the Heraion outside Plataiai, prayed to Hera KLdaipuvia and the other deities of
the Plataean land (id. ib. 18). The image of Hera Kidaipuvia at Thespiai was a lopped
tree-trunk (Clem. Al. protr. 3. 46. 3 /cat rrjs Kt#atpaw'as"Hpas ev Qeo-ireiq. irpep:vov iKKeico/j.-
p.evov, cp. Arnob. adv. fiat. 6. 11 ramum pro Cinxia Thespios). She had a sanctuary also
at Thebes (schol. Eur. Phoen. 24 rj otl Kidaipwvias "Hpas earlv iv 0??/3cus iepov). Scholl—
Studemund anecd. i. 269 'iiiridera "Hpas (ro) KLdaipwv'ias.

In the traditional singing-match between Kithairon and Helikon (for which see
Demetriosof Phalerona/. schol. Od. 3. 267 and Eustath. in Od. p. 1466, 56 ff., Lysimachos
(? Lysanias) of Kyrene frag. 26 (Frag. hist. Gr. iii. 342 Mtiller) ap. schol. Hes. o.d. p. 33,
4 ff. Gaisford, cp. Tzetz. chil. 6. 917 ff., Hermesianax of K-ypros frag. 2 (Frag. hist. Gr. iv.
428 Mtiller) ap. Plout. de fluv. 2. 3) the former sang of the childhood of Zeus (Korinnain
the Berliner Klassikertexte Berlin 1907 v. 2. 19 ff. no. 284, cp. ib. p. 47, =/rag. 1 Diehl3).

1 On Mt Laphystion near Orchomenos was a precinct and stone statue of Zeus
A.atpvffTios. It was here that Athamas was about to sacrifice Phrixos and Helle, when Zeus
sent the ram with the golden fleece to aid their escape (Paus. 9. 34. 5, cp. i. 24. 2).
Higher up on the mountain-side was a Herakles Xdpoi/'; for here, according to the
Boeotians, Herakles had brought up the hound of Hades (Paus. 9. 34. 5). Dionysos too
was worshipped on the mountain as Aa^iVrtos (et. mag. p. 557, 51 f. Aa</w<rrtos- 6 Aidvvaos,
aird tov iv BoLwria AacpvaTiov opovs = Tzetz. in Lyk. Al. 1237), and his Maenads were
AcupvffTicu (Lyk. Al. 1237 with Tzetz. ad loc).

Laphystion has been identified with Granitsa, a steep mountain (896111) of reddish stone
with a summit like a crater and warm springs at its north-eastern foot (C. Bursian Geo-
graphie von Griechenland Leipzig 1862 i. 235 f., Frazer Pausanias v. 172, H. Hitzig—
H. Bltimner on Paus. 9. 34. 5).

That AcMpvarios must be connected with XcHpvacreiv, ' to devour,' is commonly admitted.
But beyond this point agreement ceases. Was the god named after the mountain, or the
mountain after the god? (1) U. von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff in his ed. 2 of Eur. H.f.
Berlin 1895 i. 34 n. 67 holds that Mt Laphystion got its name from the crater that engulfed
the unwary. And doubtless Zeus Acupvo-rios could have derived his appellation from Mt
Laphystion. But we have already (supra i. 416 f., 428) seen reason to think that Zeus
Aa<pv<TTLos was originally a Thessalian god, and we hear of no Mt Laphystion in Thessaly.
(2) Maybaum Der Zeuskult in Boeotien Doberan 1901 p. 8 conversely assumes that Mt
Laphystion derived its name from Zeus Aacpvonos. It is then open to us to interpret
Aa<pv<TTLos as 'Devouring' with allusion to human sacrifice. For that grim tradition
attached to the cult of Zeus Aacpvarios, not only in Boiotia, but also in Thessaly (infra
Append. B Thessalia); and the Dionysos of Orchomenos had an equally sinister reputa-
tion (Plout. quaesit. Gr. 38, Ant. Lib. 10, Ov. met. 4. 1 ff. Frazer Golde7i Bough3 : The
Dying God p. 163 f.). See further P. Buttmann Mythologus Berlin 1829 ii. 230, W.
Drexler in Roscher Lex. Myth. ii. 1850 f., J. W. Hewitt in Harvard Studies in Classical
Philology 1908 xix. 102 f.

- Paus. 9. 39. 4 dvaj33.o'i he eirl to fxavTeiov (sc. tov 'Ipocpuviov) /cat avrodev iovatv is to
TrpoacoTov opovs, Koprjs eoTt KaXovpLevrj drjpa (Ka.\ovp.iv7)S drjpas codd. fam. L1. K. Goldhagen
cj. Ka\ovp.eurjs ZojTeipas. H. N. Ulrichs cj. /caAou,u,ei'7?s"Hpas. F. Spiro : 'an dvpa?r) kcli
Atos BatrtXews vabs. tovtov p,ev Si] 5ta to piiyedos rj /cat tQiv iro\ep.o)v to aWeira.W7)\ov
acpe'iKaaiv rj/xiepyov • iv 8e iripcp vaq; Kpovov /cat "Hpas /cat Atos iffTiv dydXpiaTa. iffTi de Kal
'AwoWwvos iepov. The unfinished temple of Zeus BacrtXeus is believed to have stood on Mt
St Elias, a height which rises west of the castle-hill of Livadia at a distance of half an hour
from the town. Here the ground is still strewn with big building-blocks, though most of
the material was carried off in Turkish times (Sir J. G. Frazer and H. Hitzig—H. Bliimner
ad loc). The temple seems to have been 46'02m in length (E. Fabricius ap. H. Nissen

57—2

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