Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,2): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Appendixes and index (Cambridge, 1925)

906

Appendix B

Mount Athos1.

Aigai, Kerdylion, etc. (?)2.

Korkyra

Kassiope3.

the north, and in the centre the Venizelos peak, the highest of the three. The point of
junction between this barrier and the northern range is the St. Elias. The joint which
unites the central peaks with the southern range is more complicated. It includes the
Skolion, which forms the counterpart to the St. Elias on the opposite side of the Megali-
Gurna, and the Isto-Cristaci more to the west. The St. Anthony and the domes of
Stavoidia link these two summits to those at the western end of the southern range, of
which the Sarai is the most important.' [The peaks seen in pi. xl, from left to right, are
—according to Baud-Bovy's nomenclature—(a) the Throne of Zeus (capped by cloud),
(/>) Peak Venizelos (the true summit), (c) the Cock's Comb, (d) the Virgin, (e) the Tar-
peian Rock.]

M. Kurz in The Alpine Journal 1921 xxxiv. 173 f. reports that in August 1921 he
surveyed the whole mass of Olympos with a photo-theodolite and that he has in prepara-
tion a map, covering an area of c. 100 square kilometers, on a scale of 1 : 20,000. The
heights calculated to date are: Skolion = A 2905.45™, Pic Venizelos (Mitka, 'Needle')
= 2917.85'", Throne of Zeus (Stephan) = 2(jo^.g^m.

1 Zeus 'A6<fios (Soph. Thamyras frag. 216 Nauck2,, 237 Jebb ap. Eustath. in II. p. 358,
40 f. Qprjoffav o~KOTTLciv 7yqvbs ' Adipov, cp. Aisch. Ag. 285 'Adcpov aTiros Z-rjvbs i^edi^aro) was
worshipped on Mt Athos (Eustath. in II. pp. 218, 3, 358, 43 f., 953, 45 f., schol. II. 14. 229),
where he had a statue (Hesych. s.v. 'A6loos' 6 iirl tov"AQw rovopovs Idpvpiivos avbpcas, 6 Zei/s)
and a sanctuary on the summit (et. mag. p. 26, 47 f. 'Acajou Atos- Aids lepbv iv &Kpui"A610
opei, 'Adwov Ka\ovp.tvov). For beliefs concerning the mountain-top and its altars see supra
i. 82 n. 1, 103 n. 4 (Solin. 11. 3 there adduced is dependent on Mela 2. 31). The presence or
absence of clouds on Mt Athos betokened rain or fine weather (Theophr. de signis tempest.
3. 6, 4. 2). Other allusions are collected by W. Capelle Berges- und Wolkenhdhen bei
griechischen Physikern (Srotxeta v) Leipzig—Berlin 1916 pp. 1, 27, 32 n. 5, 37, 39. On
the various monasteries of this "Ayiov "Qpos see the literature cited by E. Oberhummer in
Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. ii. 2068 f. and by C. M. Kaufmann Handbuch der christ-
lichen Archdologie Paderborn 1913 p. 120.

2 Zeus "TypiffTos (supra p. 878 n. o no. (9)).

3 Kassiope, a town and promontory (Ptol. 3. 13. 9 \\aaaL6irrj tto\is km. aKpo.) in the
north-eastern corner of Korkyra, is still called Kassiopi. As a convenient haven it figures
from time to time in ancient records (L. Biirchner in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. x. 2314 f.,
xi. 1413). It possessed a temple of Iupiter Cassius (Plin. nat. hist. 4. 52 et oppido Cas-
siope temploque Cassi Iovis), at whose altar Nero sang (Suet. Ner. 22 ut primum Cassiopen
traiecit, statim ad aram Iovis Cassii cantare auspicatus certamina deinceps obiit omnia).
Two dedications to Iupiter Casius have been found in Korkyra (Corp. inscr. Lat. iii
no. 576 = Orelli Inscr. Lat. sel. no. 1224 P. Hetereius | Rufio | Iovi Casio sac(rum), Corp.
inscr. Lat. iii no. 577 (cp. p. 989) = Dessau Inscr. Lat. sel. no. 4043 M. Valerius Corvi[ni] |
[1. LJorico 1 Iovi Casio v. s.). A ship built of marble and dedicated by a merchant to
Zeus Kdaios was sometimes regarded as the raft of Odysseus, and is compared with the
stone ship made by Tynnichos and dedicated by Agamemnon to Artemis Bo\oala at
Geraistos (Prokop. de bell. Goth. 4. 22 klxltoi oil p,ovoeides to ir\olov tovto icrTiv, dXKa £k
\lOuv oti fiaXiara ttoWlov ^vyKeirai. /coi ypafifxaTa iv avrcZ iyKeKoKairTai xal diapprjdrii' /Boa
tGov Tiva epnropwv iv tois Hvlc xpbvois iBpvaaadai to avadypLa tovto Ad rep Kacrtw. Ala yap
Kdcnoj' iripwv irore oi rrj8e avdpwiroi, iirel /cat rj iro\is, iv fj to w\olov tovto ecrTrjKev, es
Tov8e tov xpbvov I'Lao'ibirrj (sic) iirLKaXe^Tai. k.t.X.).

Autonomous bronze coins of Korkyra from 48 b.c. to 138 a.d. often have for reverse
or obverse type the figure of ZGVC KACIOC (occasionally Z£VC KACCIOC) seated
on a high-backed throne with a sceptre in one hand and sometimes a phidle in the other