DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.14697#0090
93°
Appendix B
Dionysios by the kSsmos or chief magistrate of Praisos in accordance with a treaty of
s. iii B.C. between that town and Stelai (Michel Recueil cPInscr. gr. no. 440 A, 15 ff.
= Dittenberger Syll. inscr. Gr.2 no. 427, a 15 ff., ib.s no. 524, a 15 ff. cited supra p. 731
n. o. The restoration 6p.v{iu Aij\[va Aiktcliov] exactly fills the gap and is justified by Strab.
475 tovtwv (sc. Od. 19. 175—177) 077(7i Srd^uXos (frag. 12 (Frag. hist. Gr. iv. 507 Miiller))
rb p.ev irpbs ew Awptets KaTexeiv, to 5e Svap.LKbv KivoWas, to <8e> votlov 'EreoKprfras, div
elvai iro\Lx"iov TLpdaov, ottov to tov Aiktcllov Aids iepbv, id. 478 elp^rai M, otl twv
^^TeoKprjTuv virr}px^v V llpdaos, Kal diori evTavda to tov AiktclIov Aids iepbv k.t.X.) :
(4) a long inscription, dated in 139 B.C., of which one copy was found near Itanos,
another at Magnesia ad Maeandrum (Dittenberger Syll. inscr. Gr.2 no. 929, ib.3 no. 685
= R. Cagnat Inscriptiones Graecae ad res Romanas pertinentes Paris 1911 i. 345 ff- no.
1021). It deals with a dispute between Itanos and Praisos—later between Itanos and
Hierapytna—respecting the territory of Heleia and the island of Leuke. Itanos ultimately
appealed to the Roman senate, which entrusted arbitration in the matter to Magnesia.
The document in delimiting the territory of Itanos more than once mentions the sanctuary
of Zeus Aiktcuos, which must have lain on the border-line of Itanos and Praisos (ii, 37 ff.
TTafioi ttoXiv olkovv\t€S etridaXdacnov Kal x&p&v &X0VT€i irpoyoviK-qv yenovovaav t&l tov Aids
tov AiKTcdov iep&L, exov\Tes 8e Kal vrjaovs /cat vep.bp.evoi, ev ah Kal ttjv Ka\ovp.ivr\v AevKr/v,
47 ff. ovtws lepainjTvioi t9)s tc vrjaov Kal rfjs xcipas ap<pia(3riTeiv 'iTaviois eweftaXavTO,
(pdp.e\voi tt)v p.ev x&pav elvai iepdv tov Zrjvbs tov AiKTatov, TTjv 8e vrjo~ov TrpoyoviKTjv eavruiv
VTrdp\xeiv, iii, 69 ff. tov 5e lepov tov At6s ^ktos tt^s SiapcpLcrfirjTovpevrjs \ x&pas 8vtos Kal
7repLOLKo8oprjp.acnv Kal eTipoLS Tr\eiocri[y &]TroSeiKTiKois Kal o~rjp.eiois Trepi\a[p.][3avo\pevov, 81 f.
vop-ois yap lepois Kal dpah Kal eirLTLpois avwdev 5ieKeKu\vTo tva pt,r]dels ev TqJ i\epu>i tov Albs
tov AiKTaiov p.7]T€ evvep.7}L p.r)Te ivavKocfTaTriL p.i]Te crireLprjL pA\Te £v\evr\i).
Finally, excavations of the British School at Athens undertaken in 1902 at Heleia
(Palaikastrd) on the eastern coast, south of Itanos (Eremopoli) and east of Praisos, located
the actual site of the Hellenic temple (R. C. Bosanquet in the Ann. Brit. Sch. Ath.
1901—1902 viii. 286 ff.). This was partially explored in 1903 and 1904 {id. ib. 1902—1903
ix. 280, ib. 1903—1904 x. 246) and fully cleared in 1905 (id. ib. 1904—1905 xi. 298 ff.).
The site was an artificially levelled platform half-way down the south-eastern side of
a hill. The timenos was enclosed by a wall of undressed stones, of which a few courses
survive, and can be traced along the north and north-eastern face of the slope for a distance
■of 36"1. The temple itself has wholly vanished, huge blocks of freestone having been
carried off by the villagers of Palaikastro about a generation ago. But the position of the
.altar is fixed by a bed of grey wood-ash, at least 31" long by o"25m thick. Round it were
found bronze bowls, miniature shields, and an archaic scarabaeoid seal.
More widely scattered were tiles and architectural terracottas of two distinct periods:
'(a) Archaic. Many pieces of a sima in low relief decorated with the motif of a two-horse
chariot, driver, two hoplites, and hound (Ann. Brit. Sch. Ath. 1904—1905 xi. 300 ff. pi.
15). Antefixes in the form of a Gorgoneion (ib. p. 303 fig. 20). Akroteria (?) of large
birds (eagles?). The leg of a crouching or running human figure in high relief, probably
from the pediment (ib. p. 300 fig. 18). Transitional in character is an antefix representing
the Gorgon with two snakes rising from her shoulders and two others held in her hands—
a pose which recalls that of the 'Minoan' snake-goddess (ib. p. 304 fig. 22). (b) Developed
style. Fragments of a deeper sima with lion-heads etc. of the conventional sort. Fragments
of palmetteTshaped antefixes (ib. p. 304 fig. 21).
The votive offerings belong mostly to the archaic period (s. vii—v B.C.) and comprise:
(i) Bronzes. At least four large shields decorated with zones of animals. One (o-49m
across) had as central boss the head and forepart of a lion, which pins down a couple of
sphinxes and is flanked by two lions rampant on either side of a ' tree-of-life.' A dozen
small shields, a miniature cuirass, a miniature helmet. Parts of about fourteen tripods.
Eight bowls. Numerous small figures of oxen, (ii) Terracottas. About forty lamps and
twelve torch-holders (ib. p. 307 fig. 23). About thirty large cups or bowls.
A mile to the north-west of the site there was found in 1907 a slab, which records the
restoration by Hierapytna (c. 145—139 B.C.) of certain statues in the temple of Zeus
Appendix B
Dionysios by the kSsmos or chief magistrate of Praisos in accordance with a treaty of
s. iii B.C. between that town and Stelai (Michel Recueil cPInscr. gr. no. 440 A, 15 ff.
= Dittenberger Syll. inscr. Gr.2 no. 427, a 15 ff., ib.s no. 524, a 15 ff. cited supra p. 731
n. o. The restoration 6p.v{iu Aij\[va Aiktcliov] exactly fills the gap and is justified by Strab.
475 tovtwv (sc. Od. 19. 175—177) 077(7i Srd^uXos (frag. 12 (Frag. hist. Gr. iv. 507 Miiller))
rb p.ev irpbs ew Awptets KaTexeiv, to 5e Svap.LKbv KivoWas, to <8e> votlov 'EreoKprfras, div
elvai iro\Lx"iov TLpdaov, ottov to tov Aiktcllov Aids iepbv, id. 478 elp^rai M, otl twv
^^TeoKprjTuv virr}px^v V llpdaos, Kal diori evTavda to tov AiktclIov Aids iepbv k.t.X.) :
(4) a long inscription, dated in 139 B.C., of which one copy was found near Itanos,
another at Magnesia ad Maeandrum (Dittenberger Syll. inscr. Gr.2 no. 929, ib.3 no. 685
= R. Cagnat Inscriptiones Graecae ad res Romanas pertinentes Paris 1911 i. 345 ff- no.
1021). It deals with a dispute between Itanos and Praisos—later between Itanos and
Hierapytna—respecting the territory of Heleia and the island of Leuke. Itanos ultimately
appealed to the Roman senate, which entrusted arbitration in the matter to Magnesia.
The document in delimiting the territory of Itanos more than once mentions the sanctuary
of Zeus Aiktcuos, which must have lain on the border-line of Itanos and Praisos (ii, 37 ff.
TTafioi ttoXiv olkovv\t€S etridaXdacnov Kal x&p&v &X0VT€i irpoyoviK-qv yenovovaav t&l tov Aids
tov AiKTcdov iep&L, exov\Tes 8e Kal vrjaovs /cat vep.bp.evoi, ev ah Kal ttjv Ka\ovp.ivr\v AevKr/v,
47 ff. ovtws lepainjTvioi t9)s tc vrjaov Kal rfjs xcipas ap<pia(3riTeiv 'iTaviois eweftaXavTO,
(pdp.e\voi tt)v p.ev x&pav elvai iepdv tov Zrjvbs tov AiKTatov, TTjv 8e vrjo~ov TrpoyoviKTjv eavruiv
VTrdp\xeiv, iii, 69 ff. tov 5e lepov tov At6s ^ktos tt^s SiapcpLcrfirjTovpevrjs \ x&pas 8vtos Kal
7repLOLKo8oprjp.acnv Kal eTipoLS Tr\eiocri[y &]TroSeiKTiKois Kal o~rjp.eiois Trepi\a[p.][3avo\pevov, 81 f.
vop-ois yap lepois Kal dpah Kal eirLTLpois avwdev 5ieKeKu\vTo tva pt,r]dels ev TqJ i\epu>i tov Albs
tov AiKTaiov p.7]T€ evvep.7}L p.r)Te ivavKocfTaTriL p.i]Te crireLprjL pA\Te £v\evr\i).
Finally, excavations of the British School at Athens undertaken in 1902 at Heleia
(Palaikastrd) on the eastern coast, south of Itanos (Eremopoli) and east of Praisos, located
the actual site of the Hellenic temple (R. C. Bosanquet in the Ann. Brit. Sch. Ath.
1901—1902 viii. 286 ff.). This was partially explored in 1903 and 1904 {id. ib. 1902—1903
ix. 280, ib. 1903—1904 x. 246) and fully cleared in 1905 (id. ib. 1904—1905 xi. 298 ff.).
The site was an artificially levelled platform half-way down the south-eastern side of
a hill. The timenos was enclosed by a wall of undressed stones, of which a few courses
survive, and can be traced along the north and north-eastern face of the slope for a distance
■of 36"1. The temple itself has wholly vanished, huge blocks of freestone having been
carried off by the villagers of Palaikastro about a generation ago. But the position of the
.altar is fixed by a bed of grey wood-ash, at least 31" long by o"25m thick. Round it were
found bronze bowls, miniature shields, and an archaic scarabaeoid seal.
More widely scattered were tiles and architectural terracottas of two distinct periods:
'(a) Archaic. Many pieces of a sima in low relief decorated with the motif of a two-horse
chariot, driver, two hoplites, and hound (Ann. Brit. Sch. Ath. 1904—1905 xi. 300 ff. pi.
15). Antefixes in the form of a Gorgoneion (ib. p. 303 fig. 20). Akroteria (?) of large
birds (eagles?). The leg of a crouching or running human figure in high relief, probably
from the pediment (ib. p. 300 fig. 18). Transitional in character is an antefix representing
the Gorgon with two snakes rising from her shoulders and two others held in her hands—
a pose which recalls that of the 'Minoan' snake-goddess (ib. p. 304 fig. 22). (b) Developed
style. Fragments of a deeper sima with lion-heads etc. of the conventional sort. Fragments
of palmetteTshaped antefixes (ib. p. 304 fig. 21).
The votive offerings belong mostly to the archaic period (s. vii—v B.C.) and comprise:
(i) Bronzes. At least four large shields decorated with zones of animals. One (o-49m
across) had as central boss the head and forepart of a lion, which pins down a couple of
sphinxes and is flanked by two lions rampant on either side of a ' tree-of-life.' A dozen
small shields, a miniature cuirass, a miniature helmet. Parts of about fourteen tripods.
Eight bowls. Numerous small figures of oxen, (ii) Terracottas. About forty lamps and
twelve torch-holders (ib. p. 307 fig. 23). About thirty large cups or bowls.
A mile to the north-west of the site there was found in 1907 a slab, which records the
restoration by Hierapytna (c. 145—139 B.C.) of certain statues in the temple of Zeus