Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,2): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Appendixes and index (Cambridge, 1925)

The Mountain-cults of Zeus 933

Se yiyovev. ix€i Orjpiov ra Karoo pipt] koll Kepara ewl rrj KecpaXrj. eTiprjdri Se 5id to crvv-
rpotpos elvai too Ad, Kadairep 'l^TrLpeviSrjS 6 ret KprjTiKa laTopoov <pr\aiv, otl ev rrj "ISy o~vvr\v
avroo, ore itri tovs Tltolvcls earpdrevorev (ovtos Se Sotcei evpelv tov kSxXov, [e~v] op tovs avppd-
Xovs KaddnrXiaev), <r)> 5ia to tov ijxov HaviKov naXovpevov, 5 oi Tiraves £<pevyov. irapaXa/3oov
Se ri]v apxw T0'* dffTpois avrbv £dr]Ke nal tt}v alya tt\v pr/repa. Sid Se rbv koxXov rbv
daXdaaiov ira.pda-rip.ov <?x€L 9C^0S> CP- schol. Arat. phaen. 284, Arat. Lat. p. 237 f. Maass,
schol. Caes. Germ. Aratea p. 407, 9 fF. Eyssenhardt, Hyg. poet. astr. 2. 28). Adrasteia
his nurse made him a golden ball (Ap. Rhod. 3. 132 fF. Ka'iKiv rot oTraaaipL Aibs wepiKaXXes
ddvppa I Keivo, to oi iroirjae tpLXr} rpotpbs 'ASprjffTeia | dvrpoo ev 'ISaiop 'en vrjiria Kovpl^ovTL, \
o~<pa?pav evrpoxaXov... | ... | xpt/crea ^v 01 KVKXa reTetJXarar d/x0t 5' eKao~Top | 8nr\6aL
abides 7repi7]yees eiX'urffovTai- \ hcpvirral Se pacpai eiffiv e\t£ 5' ewiSeSpope irdaais \ Kvaver).
drop et p.Lv eats evl xepcrt fiaXooo, \ dvTr\p cos, tpXeyedovra Si -rjepos 6\kov ir/criv. H. Posnansky
Nemesis und Adrasteia Breslau 1890 p. 175 f. finds Adrasteia, the infant Zeus, and his
ball on a coin of Laodikeia illustrated supra i. 153 fig. 129. More ad rem are the coin-
types discussed supra i. 51 f. figs. 27 and 28, 547 ; for there the cosmic significance of the
ball (K. Sittl Der Adler tend die Weltkugel als Attribute des Zeus Leipzig 1884 p. 45 ff.)
is apparent) and put him to sleep in a golden liknon (Kallim. h. Zetis 46 ft. Zed, ae Se
KvpfiavTiov erapai irpoLTeTrrixvvavTo | AiKTaiai MeAtat, o~e 8' iKolpurev ' ASprjcTTeia \ Xlkvoo
evl xpvceu), av 8' edrjaao irLova pa^bv | aiybs ' ApaXdeiijs, eirl Se yXvKv ktjp'lov efipoos. \ yevro
yap e^awLvata UavaxpiSos epya peXlaaris \ 'ISaiots ev opencri, rd re (cXeiowi IldvaKpa).
Hence in the Rhapsodic theogony Adrasteia, daughter of Melissos and Amaltheia, is
associated with her sister Eide (Gruppe Gr. Myth. Eel. p. 1086 n. o: 'die Gdttin Ida?')
as protectress of all laws including those of Zeus and Kronos (Orph.' frag. 109 Abel ap.
Herm. in Plat. Phaedr. p. 148 (p. 161, 15 ff. Couvreur)). Lastly, Zeus was first served
in the Idaean Cave by Aetos the beautiful child of Earth (interp. Serv. in Verg. Aen. 1.
394 est et alia fabula. apud Graecos legitur, puerum quendam terra editum admodum
pulchrum membris omnibus fuisse, qui 'kerbs sit vocatus. hie cum Iuppiter propter
patrem Saturnum, qui suos filios devorabat, in Creta insula in Idaeo antro nutriretur,
primus in obsequium Iovis se dedit, post vero cum adolevisset Iuppiter et patrem regno
pepulisset, Iuno permota forma pueri velut paelicatus dolore eum in avem vertit, quae ab
ipso derbs dicitur Graece, a nobis aquila propter aquilum colorem, qui ater est. quam
semper Iuppiter sibi inhaerere praecepit et fulmina gestare : per hanc etiam Ganymedes
cum amaretur a love dicitur raptus, quos Iuppiter inter sidera collocavit. Cp. supra
pp. 751 n. 2, 777). Copper coins of Crete issued by Titus (Rasche
Lex. Num. iii. 306, Suppl. ii. 262) and Domitian (J. N. Svoronos
Numismatique de la Crete ancie7ine Macon 1890 i. 344 pi. 33, 22
(= my fig. 831), Head Hist, num.'1 p. 479) have for reverse type an
eagle inscribed A101 IAAIOY.

Other myths were readily attached to the same locality. It
was 'in Idaean caves' that Hermaphroditos was reared by Naiad
nymphs (Ov. met. 4. 288 f.) and that the Telchines were wont to g
work (Stat. silv. 4. 6. 47).

The worship of Zeus 011 Mt Ide, famous throughout the classical world (Lact. Plac.
in Stat. Theb. 4. 105 Olenos Arcadiae civitas, in qua Iovem Amalthea capra dicitur
nutrisse, quae in cultum Iovis Idam provocat, montem Cretae, in quo Iuppiter colitur),
centred about the Idaean Cave. This was distant from Knossos some twenty miles as the
crow flies; but the two were connected by a tolerable road and pilgrims could rest in the
shade of trees by the wayside (Plat. legg. 625 a—b). The Cave itself was sacred to Zeus and
the meadows near it were regarded as his (Diod. 5. 70 /card Se tt)v "ISrjv, ev 77 avve^Tj rpa-
(prjvai tov debv, to re dvTpov ev op tt\v Slairav el%e Kadiepcorai Kal oi irepl avrb Xetpcoves
bpoioos dveivrai irepl rr\v aKpobpeiav bvres). He had repaid his debt to the bees by turning
them gold-bronze in colour and making them impervious to wintry weather [id. ib.).
Concerning the cavern-ritual we know but little. Votive offerings were to be seen in the
entry (Theophr. hist. pi. 3. 3. 4 quoted supra). Pythagoras is said to have gone down
into the Cave with Epimenides (Diog. Laert. 8. 3 elr ev KpriTy avv 'EiripeviSrj xarr/Xdev