DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.14697#0135
The Mountain-cults of Zeus 973
Mount Solymos1.
.Miinzen ii. 391 no. 10 pi. 14, 5, A. Markl in the Num. Zeitschr. 1900 xxxii. 157 no. 4
pi. 7, 4, Head Hist, num.'1 p. 709). Since another coin-type of Prostanna shows Zeus
seated with Demeter (?) behind him (G. F. Hill in the Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Lycia, etc.
p. cvi n. +, Head Hist, num.2 p. 709), it is possible that the cult of the god was connected
with the mountain which dominates the town (for views see A. de Laborde, Becker, Hall
et L. de Laborde Voyage de PAsie Mineure Paris 1838 p. 111).
1 Termessos (Termessus Maior) was built, a good iooom above sea-level, on Mt Solymos
(Strab. 630) or Solyma {id. 666), the modern Giildere Dagh or Giillik Dagh. It was an
ideally placed stronghold of the Solymoi, whose eponym Solymos figures on imperial
coppers of the town {Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Lycia, etc. pp. xc, 271 no. 27 pi. 41,
12 rev. CO AY AAOC Solymos standing to left, with cuirass, spear, and short sword,
272 no. 36 pi. 41, 14 COAV AAOC Solymos enthroned to left, with crested helmet and
right hand raised to face, cp. Imhoof-Blumer Kleinas. Miinzen ii. 410 no. 6 pi. 15, 15
and 411 no. 10 pi. 15, 17, Head Hist, num.'2 p. 712). As a warlike hero he was affiliated
sometimes to Zeus (Antimachos frag. 16 Bergk4 ap. schol. P.T. Od. 5. 283 66ev Kal oi
1ibXv/xoi thvofj-affdriaav (8e add. T., omissis bOev Kal oi XoKv/jloi) airb 'ZoXvfiov rod Atbs Kal
KaXx??cWtas, cos 'Avri/xaxos dr/Xoi, Rufin. recognit. 10. 21 (Iupiter vitiat) Chalceam
nympham, ex qua nascitur Olympus (where O. Hofer cj. Chalcedonian and Solymus: see
his remarks in Roscher Lex. Myth. iv. 1154), Steph. Byz. s.v. ILtncit'a- oi HialSai
Trporepov HoKv/jloi, airb Ho\vfj.ov rod Aibs Kal X.a\8r;v 77s), sometimes to Ares {et. mag. p. 721,
43 ff. 26\vpL0i (so T. Gaisford for 26Xu/xos)- IQvos irepl KiKiKiav airb ~Zo\vp.ov rod
Ka\8rji>7]s rrjs Ulctiov Kal "Apeus" oi vvv "laavpoi).
The principal deity of the town in classical times was Zeus 2oXup.ei»s. Mionnet
Descr. de me'd. a?it. Suppl. vii. 138 no. 228 gives (after Sestini) a coin reading ZEYC
COAYAAEYC, and J. Friedlaender in the Zeitschr. f. Num. 1885 xii. 6 figures another,
at Berlin, with obv. AI[OI] IOAYMEfi[I] bust of Zeus Zo\vp.eus (but see G. F. Hill
in the Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Lycia, etc. p. xc n. The head of Zeus appears as the
normal Termessian coin-type c. 71—39 B.C., in the time of the Antonines, and from
Gordian to Gallienus [Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Lycia, etc. p. 268 ff. pi. 41, 8—11, pi. 42,
1 f., Head Hist, num.'1 p. 712). E. Petersen in K. Lanckoronski Stcidte Pamphyliens und
Pisidiens Wien 1892 ii. 47 ff. describes the remains of what was probably the temple of
Zeus HoXv/j-evs. The site is a raised terrace (1054™) adjoining the southernmost part of
the gymnasium and close to a group of other temples (N3 on the large plan opposite
p. 21). Here were found Doric column-drums, Attic bases with portions of shafts and
plinths, architrave-blocks, coffering, the right-hand end-block of a pediment, statue-
pedestals, and two reliefs from a frieze representing a Gigantomachy (Zeus and Apollon
v. Giants with serpentine legs). These last were published by G. Hirschfeld in the Arch.
Zeit. 1881 xxxix. 157—160 figs. A, B. Further, a cylindrical base (i'i8m high), which
once supported a bronze statue (of Zeus?), is adorned with a relief of a priest presiding at
the sacrifice of a humped bull (E. Petersen op. cit. ii. 32, 48 f. figs. 7 and 8) and bears the
inscription 'Ordvis I 0 TA K | iep(e)[i/]s j Ad XoXvp-er | Aiovvaios 'Hpa/cXe^Sou] | 'AXe^a[^]-
5pe[v]s [iiroiei (?)] (K. Lanckoronski op. cit. ii. 206 no. 78). Another base from the same
site was set up when a certain Strabon was priest of Zeus SoXi^e^ {id. id. ii. 206 no. 80,
I5ff. aveo-radri \ iirl ieptws | SoXu/xews Ai[6s] | ~2Tpd(3wi>os [/3']). Another carried the statue
of a distinguished priest {id. id. ii. 206 no. 79, 1 ff. dpx^pea Kal iepta Aids 2oX[u,ueco?] |
yevbp.evov Aaepr-qv ^sa\yvafj.6ov\ | Aaiprov k.t.X., cp. 207 no. 85, 2 ff. [apj^iepea avroKpar-
opo! Kaiaapos 1.e(3ao-Tou \ [tep]ea Aibs SoXu/xews 5icx /3lov Aae[p\n)i> \ \^avvap.o]ov (pLKoirarpiv
Kal iraripa 7r6Xewj). Other life-priests of Zeus SoXu/xet/s are recorded {id. ib. ii. 200 no. 39,
4 f. Ti. KX. Tetj/xoSwpcw, 200 no. 41, 4 Ti. KX. TeLfxoScopov, 201 no. 48, 6 ff. 31ap. Avp.
MeiStaji'O!' HXaTWviavbv \ Qvapov, 208 no. 93, 4 ff. Map. j Avp. MetSia^oc | Qvapov).
The same deity was believed to have under his special protection the tombs of the
dead, for any violation of their sanctity was punished with a fine usually payable to him.
Numerous inscriptions of the sort are given by G. Cousin in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1899
Mount Solymos1.
.Miinzen ii. 391 no. 10 pi. 14, 5, A. Markl in the Num. Zeitschr. 1900 xxxii. 157 no. 4
pi. 7, 4, Head Hist, num.'1 p. 709). Since another coin-type of Prostanna shows Zeus
seated with Demeter (?) behind him (G. F. Hill in the Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Lycia, etc.
p. cvi n. +, Head Hist, num.2 p. 709), it is possible that the cult of the god was connected
with the mountain which dominates the town (for views see A. de Laborde, Becker, Hall
et L. de Laborde Voyage de PAsie Mineure Paris 1838 p. 111).
1 Termessos (Termessus Maior) was built, a good iooom above sea-level, on Mt Solymos
(Strab. 630) or Solyma {id. 666), the modern Giildere Dagh or Giillik Dagh. It was an
ideally placed stronghold of the Solymoi, whose eponym Solymos figures on imperial
coppers of the town {Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Lycia, etc. pp. xc, 271 no. 27 pi. 41,
12 rev. CO AY AAOC Solymos standing to left, with cuirass, spear, and short sword,
272 no. 36 pi. 41, 14 COAV AAOC Solymos enthroned to left, with crested helmet and
right hand raised to face, cp. Imhoof-Blumer Kleinas. Miinzen ii. 410 no. 6 pi. 15, 15
and 411 no. 10 pi. 15, 17, Head Hist, num.'2 p. 712). As a warlike hero he was affiliated
sometimes to Zeus (Antimachos frag. 16 Bergk4 ap. schol. P.T. Od. 5. 283 66ev Kal oi
1ibXv/xoi thvofj-affdriaav (8e add. T., omissis bOev Kal oi XoKv/jloi) airb 'ZoXvfiov rod Atbs Kal
KaXx??cWtas, cos 'Avri/xaxos dr/Xoi, Rufin. recognit. 10. 21 (Iupiter vitiat) Chalceam
nympham, ex qua nascitur Olympus (where O. Hofer cj. Chalcedonian and Solymus: see
his remarks in Roscher Lex. Myth. iv. 1154), Steph. Byz. s.v. ILtncit'a- oi HialSai
Trporepov HoKv/jloi, airb Ho\vfj.ov rod Aibs Kal X.a\8r;v 77s), sometimes to Ares {et. mag. p. 721,
43 ff. 26\vpL0i (so T. Gaisford for 26Xu/xos)- IQvos irepl KiKiKiav airb ~Zo\vp.ov rod
Ka\8rji>7]s rrjs Ulctiov Kal "Apeus" oi vvv "laavpoi).
The principal deity of the town in classical times was Zeus 2oXup.ei»s. Mionnet
Descr. de me'd. a?it. Suppl. vii. 138 no. 228 gives (after Sestini) a coin reading ZEYC
COAYAAEYC, and J. Friedlaender in the Zeitschr. f. Num. 1885 xii. 6 figures another,
at Berlin, with obv. AI[OI] IOAYMEfi[I] bust of Zeus Zo\vp.eus (but see G. F. Hill
in the Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Lycia, etc. p. xc n. The head of Zeus appears as the
normal Termessian coin-type c. 71—39 B.C., in the time of the Antonines, and from
Gordian to Gallienus [Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Lycia, etc. p. 268 ff. pi. 41, 8—11, pi. 42,
1 f., Head Hist, num.'1 p. 712). E. Petersen in K. Lanckoronski Stcidte Pamphyliens und
Pisidiens Wien 1892 ii. 47 ff. describes the remains of what was probably the temple of
Zeus HoXv/j-evs. The site is a raised terrace (1054™) adjoining the southernmost part of
the gymnasium and close to a group of other temples (N3 on the large plan opposite
p. 21). Here were found Doric column-drums, Attic bases with portions of shafts and
plinths, architrave-blocks, coffering, the right-hand end-block of a pediment, statue-
pedestals, and two reliefs from a frieze representing a Gigantomachy (Zeus and Apollon
v. Giants with serpentine legs). These last were published by G. Hirschfeld in the Arch.
Zeit. 1881 xxxix. 157—160 figs. A, B. Further, a cylindrical base (i'i8m high), which
once supported a bronze statue (of Zeus?), is adorned with a relief of a priest presiding at
the sacrifice of a humped bull (E. Petersen op. cit. ii. 32, 48 f. figs. 7 and 8) and bears the
inscription 'Ordvis I 0 TA K | iep(e)[i/]s j Ad XoXvp-er | Aiovvaios 'Hpa/cXe^Sou] | 'AXe^a[^]-
5pe[v]s [iiroiei (?)] (K. Lanckoronski op. cit. ii. 206 no. 78). Another base from the same
site was set up when a certain Strabon was priest of Zeus SoXi^e^ {id. id. ii. 206 no. 80,
I5ff. aveo-radri \ iirl ieptws | SoXu/xews Ai[6s] | ~2Tpd(3wi>os [/3']). Another carried the statue
of a distinguished priest {id. id. ii. 206 no. 79, 1 ff. dpx^pea Kal iepta Aids 2oX[u,ueco?] |
yevbp.evov Aaepr-qv ^sa\yvafj.6ov\ | Aaiprov k.t.X., cp. 207 no. 85, 2 ff. [apj^iepea avroKpar-
opo! Kaiaapos 1.e(3ao-Tou \ [tep]ea Aibs SoXu/xews 5icx /3lov Aae[p\n)i> \ \^avvap.o]ov (pLKoirarpiv
Kal iraripa 7r6Xewj). Other life-priests of Zeus SoXu/xet/s are recorded {id. ib. ii. 200 no. 39,
4 f. Ti. KX. Tetj/xoSwpcw, 200 no. 41, 4 Ti. KX. TeLfxoScopov, 201 no. 48, 6 ff. 31ap. Avp.
MeiStaji'O!' HXaTWviavbv \ Qvapov, 208 no. 93, 4 ff. Map. j Avp. MetSia^oc | Qvapov).
The same deity was believed to have under his special protection the tombs of the
dead, for any violation of their sanctity was punished with a fine usually payable to him.
Numerous inscriptions of the sort are given by G. Cousin in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1899