Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,2): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Appendixes and index (Cambridge, 1925)

1042

Appendix G

with one of the Kerkopes (F. Streber 'Ueber die Miinzen von Caulonia' in

the Abh. d. bayer. Akad. i8j7 Philos.-
philol. Classe ii. 709 ff.), Apollon with
laurel-branch and the purified Orestes
(K. O. Mfiller Handbuch der Archaolo-
gie der Kunst2 Breslau 1835 p. 516, id.
Denkmdler der alten Kunst Gottingen
1835 i- 8 pl- ID> 72)> Apollon as KadapTtjs
or Kaddpaios with Aristaios (Honore
d'Albert due de Luynes in the Nouv.
Ann. i. 426), Apollon with Daphnis or Hyakinthos (J. de Witte in the Rev. Num.
1845 P- 400 ff. makes these suggestions, but prefers to follow T. Panofka : see
infra), Apollon as Kadaprrjs—or else the Demos of Kaulonia—performing the act
of lustration with the genius of ayvi<rp.6s or Kada.pp.6s on his arm (R. Rochette Mi-
moires de Numismatique et d'antiquiti Paris 1840 p. 1 ff. followed by C. Cavedoni
in the Bull. d. Inst. 1842 p. 90 f.), Apollon as sun-god with a lustral branch and
a wind-god dispersing miasmas (W. Watkiss Lloyd ' On the types of the coins
of Caulonia' in the Num. Chron. 1847 x. 1 ff. followed by P. Gardner Types of
Gk. Coins p. 85 pl. 1, 1, cp. G. F. Hill A Handbook of Greek and Roman Coins
London 1899 p. 171 pl. 3, 3), Apollon chasing the thief Hermes (S. Birch 'Notes
on types of Caulonia' in the Num. Chron. 1845 viii. 163 ff.), the headland Ko-
kinthos with the wind-god Zephyros (Garrucci Mon. It. ant. p. 186), 'Some
local myth, which has not been handed down to us' (Head Hist, num.1 p. 79
after Eckhel Doctr. num. vet? i. 169). Specially ingenious was the view of
T. Panofka 'Tiber die MUnztypen von Kaulonia' in the Arch. Zeit. 1843 i. 165 ff.:
accepting the identification of the larger figure with Apollon, he regarded the
smaller as Kaulon (Steph. Byz. s.v. Kav\covla) or Kaulos, son of the Amazon
Kleite and eponymous founder of the town (interp. Serv. in Verg. Aen. 3. 153),
and suggested that both figures bear an olive-branch not without a punning
allusion to nav\6s, caulis. Head Hist, num.2 p. 93 does not mention Panofka,
but adopts and modifies his interpretation : the main figure is the founder KaiXos,
who carries as his emblem a KavXos or ' parsnip' (pastinaca saliva); the running
genius is 'Aya>v (G. F. Hill in the Journ. Hell. Stud. 1897 xvii. 80, cp. W. Wroth
ib. 1907 xxvii. 92), or Hermes 'Aycovto? (Pind. Isthm. 1. 85, cp. 01. 6. 133 ff. with
scholl. ad locc.) or Ap6p.ios (G. Doublet in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1889 xiii. 69 f.
publishes an inscription from Polyrrhenion 'Eppai Apo/xi'ou, with which S. Eitrem
in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. viii. 755 cp. Hesych. ovvios-...8pop.evs), carrying
apparently the same emblem, which is also shown growing beneath the stag.
P. Gardner Types of Gk. Coins p. 86 came nearer to the truth, when he wrote :
' The most plausible alternative view would be to regard him [the small figure]
as an embodiment of the ^6X0? or wrath of the Apollo, who is about to attack
the enemies of the deity....' I hold that he is in fact the soul of the god sent
forth to work the divine will. The god himself is Apollon, whose epithets
(udepyos, €KaTT]$e\eTris, €K.aTi](3okos, eKaros, eK?;/3oXos are all connected with €KO)v
(A. Fick—F. Bechtel Die Griechischen PersoneJinamefi2 Gottingen 1894 pp. 107,
127, Prellwitz Etym. Wbrterb. d. Gr. Spr.2 p. 133, Boisacq Diet. etym. de la
Langue Gr. p. 236 f., O. Jessen in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. vii. 2664 f., 2799 f.,
2800 ff., F. Bechtel Lexilogus zu Homer Halle a. d. S. 1914 pp. 114—117) and
betoken his magical will-power (cp. supra i. 12 n. 1, 14 n. 1). Apollon eKr/ftoAos
would thus mean Apollon 'who strikes what he wills' (less probably 'who pro-
jects his will'). And I am reminded by Mr F. M. Cornford that Plat. Cratyl. 420 c

Fig. 891.