DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.14697#0227
Zeus Ktesios
were retained as signs of the divinised dead long after the custom in question
had ceased to be. If Zeus Ktesios was, as I maintain, an early Greek king buried
in his own house, it is certainly permissible to assume that he was buried in a
pithos. Platon, who states that the primitive Athenians used to bury the dead
in their houses {supra p. 1060), informs us in the same context that their successors
among other old-fashioned burial rites 'sent for women to fill the jars' (Plat.
MlllOS. 315 C cocnrep Kal r/pas airovs oicrdd nov Kal avrbs aKovcov, otot? vopois i^p^peda
npb rov rrepl roiis dnoOavovTas, lepeld re ttpoacparrovTes Trpb rr)s incpopds rov veKpov
Kal iy^vrptcrrplas peTaTTepuopevoi with schol. ad loc. rds ^oar rot? TereXevrrjKocnv
iTriCpepovcras, cos eVt roCSe. eXeyov 8e Kal to /3Xdyj/ai (/Ba^ai Zonaras. C. A. Lobeck
CJ. &d\j/ai) KaraxuTplo-ai (J. G. Baiter cj. e'y^urpto-at), cos 'ApicrToCpdvrjs (Aristoph.
vesp. 289 ov ottcos e'y^urptet?). Xiyovrai 8e Kal ocrai rovs ivayeis Kadalpovaiv, atpa
eVt^eoucrai tov lepelov. en 8e Kal ai 8prjvrjTpiai, Kal 8rj Kal at palai at iKTiBelo-ai iv
Xvrpais ra fipecpr] = Souid. s.v. iy^vrplo-rpiai = el. mag. p. 313, 41 ff. (cp. 39 f.) = Zonar.
lex. S.V. iyxyTp'io-Tpiai (cp. S.V. iy^vrpl^eiv), cp. Hesych. S.VV. ey^wrpiet?, iyxvrpi(eiv,
schol. Aristoph. vesp. 289, Moiris lex. s.v. ey^urpto-p-o?, Thom. Mag. p. 264). It
seems reasonable to infer that, when^//^fj-burial withinthehouse was abandoned,
offerings to the dead were still placed in memorial jars by a special class of
mourning-women. My contention is that the ar/pela of Zeus Ktesios were just
such memorial jars retained in the house, though their original significance had
long been forgotten. The divinity whose presence they betokened would naturally
be deemed the guardian of the household stores ; for the master, himself buried
in a pithos, would know how to protect his own goods bestowed in other pithoi.
(5) Zeus Ktesios in Literature and Cult.
Hence his title-Ktesios, 'god of Property,' which occurs in literature from
S. V B.C. onwards (Aisch. SUppl. 443 ff. kul xpVIJLaT0}v pev €k 86p.cov rropdovpevcov | ...
yevoir av dXXa Kttjijiov Aios ydpiv■> Hippokr. de insomniis 4 (xxii. 10 Kiihn) Kal rot?
deois evxecrdai, iirl pev rolcriv dyadolcriv 'HAi'a), Ail Ovpavlco, Ail Kr^aia), 'Adrjva Kr-qcrlj],
'Epp?-/, AttoXXcovi, eVt 8e toZctiv ivavrloicri rolaiv aTrorpoTTioio-i KalTfj Kal rjpcocriv k.t.X.,
Hypereid. irpbs 'A-rreXXalov frag. 13 Blass2 ap. Harpokr. s.v. Krrjo-lov Aios who
adds KTTjo-iov Ala iv rot? rapet'ot? ibpvvro, Menand. Pseudherakles frag. 2, 2 f.
{Frag. com. Gr. iv. 223 f. Meineke) ap. Harpokr. loc. cit. tov 8e Ala tov Kttjo-iov |
%X0VTa T0 rafiieiov ov KeKXeio-pevov, Autokleides (?) ap. Athen. 473 B—C {supra
p. 1054 ff.), Plout. de repugn. Stoic. 30 6 8e Zeus yeXolos, el Krr]aios xaiPeL Ka>l
'E7rtKap7rto? Kal XaptSorry? irpocrayopevopevos, on 8rfXa8r] xPv0~as dpi8as Kal xPV0~d
Kpdo-ne8a x<ipi£eTai T0LS (pavXois, rot? 8' dyaOols atjia 8paxprjS drav ttXovctioi yevcovrai
Kara rrjv rov Aios rrpovoiav, Cornut. tkeol. 9 p. 9, 16 f. Lang Kal Krrjaiov.. .avrbv (sc.
Ala) ttpoo-ayopevovaiv, Dion Chrys. or. 1 p. 57 Reiske Kr^o-to? 8e Kal 'EniKapTuos
are tcov Kapirmv a'lrios Kal 8orrjp ttXovtov Kal KTrjaecos, ov Trevlas ov8e drropias, or. 12
p. 413 Reiske Krrjo-ios 8e Kal 'ErriKapTrios are tcov Kapircov ainos Kal 8orrjp ttXovtov
Kal 8vvd/jL.ecos, Souid. s.vv. Aios kco8iov (supra i. 423 n. I = Apostol. 6.10), Zeu? Kr^o-to?'
ov Kal iv rot? Tap.ielois l8pvovro cos ttXovtoSottjv, Kttjo-ios' b Zevs, Krrjaiov Aios ' rov
Krrjo-iov Ala iv rot? rapielois l8pvovTo, Scholl—Studemund anecd. i. 266 no. 51
(Ato?) Kr?;o-tou).
Under this title Zeus was worshipped at Athens (Dem. in Mid. 53 Atl Ktt]o-Ico
j3ovv XevKov (supra i. 717 n. 2), Corp. inscr. Att. iii. 2 no. 3854, if. from the
Asklepieion [. ./c]at Ato? [ [Kjrr/o-tou) including the Peiraieus (Antiph. or. 1. 16
pera ravra eri^e rco <&iX6vecp iv Iletpatet ovra lepa (C. Wachsmuth Die Stadt Athen
im Alterthum Leipzig 1890 ii. 1. 146 n. 1 would read 6Wt 8veiv lepd) Ail Krrio-lcp, 6
8e TraTrjp 6 ipbs els Nd^ov rrXelv epeXXev. KaXXiarov ovv e'SoKet etVat rco $tAoVea> Trjs
were retained as signs of the divinised dead long after the custom in question
had ceased to be. If Zeus Ktesios was, as I maintain, an early Greek king buried
in his own house, it is certainly permissible to assume that he was buried in a
pithos. Platon, who states that the primitive Athenians used to bury the dead
in their houses {supra p. 1060), informs us in the same context that their successors
among other old-fashioned burial rites 'sent for women to fill the jars' (Plat.
MlllOS. 315 C cocnrep Kal r/pas airovs oicrdd nov Kal avrbs aKovcov, otot? vopois i^p^peda
npb rov rrepl roiis dnoOavovTas, lepeld re ttpoacparrovTes Trpb rr)s incpopds rov veKpov
Kal iy^vrptcrrplas peTaTTepuopevoi with schol. ad loc. rds ^oar rot? TereXevrrjKocnv
iTriCpepovcras, cos eVt roCSe. eXeyov 8e Kal to /3Xdyj/ai (/Ba^ai Zonaras. C. A. Lobeck
CJ. &d\j/ai) KaraxuTplo-ai (J. G. Baiter cj. e'y^urpto-at), cos 'ApicrToCpdvrjs (Aristoph.
vesp. 289 ov ottcos e'y^urptet?). Xiyovrai 8e Kal ocrai rovs ivayeis Kadalpovaiv, atpa
eVt^eoucrai tov lepelov. en 8e Kal ai 8prjvrjTpiai, Kal 8rj Kal at palai at iKTiBelo-ai iv
Xvrpais ra fipecpr] = Souid. s.v. iy^vrplo-rpiai = el. mag. p. 313, 41 ff. (cp. 39 f.) = Zonar.
lex. S.V. iyxyTp'io-Tpiai (cp. S.V. iy^vrpl^eiv), cp. Hesych. S.VV. ey^wrpiet?, iyxvrpi(eiv,
schol. Aristoph. vesp. 289, Moiris lex. s.v. ey^urpto-p-o?, Thom. Mag. p. 264). It
seems reasonable to infer that, when^//^fj-burial withinthehouse was abandoned,
offerings to the dead were still placed in memorial jars by a special class of
mourning-women. My contention is that the ar/pela of Zeus Ktesios were just
such memorial jars retained in the house, though their original significance had
long been forgotten. The divinity whose presence they betokened would naturally
be deemed the guardian of the household stores ; for the master, himself buried
in a pithos, would know how to protect his own goods bestowed in other pithoi.
(5) Zeus Ktesios in Literature and Cult.
Hence his title-Ktesios, 'god of Property,' which occurs in literature from
S. V B.C. onwards (Aisch. SUppl. 443 ff. kul xpVIJLaT0}v pev €k 86p.cov rropdovpevcov | ...
yevoir av dXXa Kttjijiov Aios ydpiv■> Hippokr. de insomniis 4 (xxii. 10 Kiihn) Kal rot?
deois evxecrdai, iirl pev rolcriv dyadolcriv 'HAi'a), Ail Ovpavlco, Ail Kr^aia), 'Adrjva Kr-qcrlj],
'Epp?-/, AttoXXcovi, eVt 8e toZctiv ivavrloicri rolaiv aTrorpoTTioio-i KalTfj Kal rjpcocriv k.t.X.,
Hypereid. irpbs 'A-rreXXalov frag. 13 Blass2 ap. Harpokr. s.v. Krrjo-lov Aios who
adds KTTjo-iov Ala iv rot? rapet'ot? ibpvvro, Menand. Pseudherakles frag. 2, 2 f.
{Frag. com. Gr. iv. 223 f. Meineke) ap. Harpokr. loc. cit. tov 8e Ala tov Kttjo-iov |
%X0VTa T0 rafiieiov ov KeKXeio-pevov, Autokleides (?) ap. Athen. 473 B—C {supra
p. 1054 ff.), Plout. de repugn. Stoic. 30 6 8e Zeus yeXolos, el Krr]aios xaiPeL Ka>l
'E7rtKap7rto? Kal XaptSorry? irpocrayopevopevos, on 8rfXa8r] xPv0~as dpi8as Kal xPV0~d
Kpdo-ne8a x<ipi£eTai T0LS (pavXois, rot? 8' dyaOols atjia 8paxprjS drav ttXovctioi yevcovrai
Kara rrjv rov Aios rrpovoiav, Cornut. tkeol. 9 p. 9, 16 f. Lang Kal Krrjaiov.. .avrbv (sc.
Ala) ttpoo-ayopevovaiv, Dion Chrys. or. 1 p. 57 Reiske Kr^o-to? 8e Kal 'EniKapTuos
are tcov Kapirmv a'lrios Kal 8orrjp ttXovtov Kal KTrjaecos, ov Trevlas ov8e drropias, or. 12
p. 413 Reiske Krrjo-ios 8e Kal 'ErriKapTrios are tcov Kapircov ainos Kal 8orrjp ttXovtov
Kal 8vvd/jL.ecos, Souid. s.vv. Aios kco8iov (supra i. 423 n. I = Apostol. 6.10), Zeu? Kr^o-to?'
ov Kal iv rot? Tap.ielois l8pvovro cos ttXovtoSottjv, Kttjo-ios' b Zevs, Krrjaiov Aios ' rov
Krrjo-iov Ala iv rot? rapielois l8pvovTo, Scholl—Studemund anecd. i. 266 no. 51
(Ato?) Kr?;o-tou).
Under this title Zeus was worshipped at Athens (Dem. in Mid. 53 Atl Ktt]o-Ico
j3ovv XevKov (supra i. 717 n. 2), Corp. inscr. Att. iii. 2 no. 3854, if. from the
Asklepieion [. ./c]at Ato? [ [Kjrr/o-tou) including the Peiraieus (Antiph. or. 1. 16
pera ravra eri^e rco <&iX6vecp iv Iletpatet ovra lepa (C. Wachsmuth Die Stadt Athen
im Alterthum Leipzig 1890 ii. 1. 146 n. 1 would read 6Wt 8veiv lepd) Ail Krrio-lcp, 6
8e TraTrjp 6 ipbs els Nd^ov rrXelv epeXXev. KaXXiarov ovv e'SoKet etVat rco $tAoVea> Trjs