Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,2): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Appendixes and index (Cambridge, 1925)

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Appendix M

Zeus Meilichios as an angry god readily appeased by the man-slayer might
conveniently be ranged under this joint-category, his title being interpreted as
' the Kindly One.'

and H. Bliimner ad loc. Wide Lakon. Kulte p. 9 aptly cites Philostr. v. Apoll. 4. 31
p. 149 Kayser TrepLtrravres Se avrbv oi AaKedaifibvLOL !~evov re irapd ti2 Ad eiroiovvTO k.t.X.).
A broken relief in the Terme Museum (fig. 939) shows Zeus Eeiuos as a traveller sitting
with a rumpled himdtion over his knees and a knotted stick in his left hand, while he
extends his right in welcome to a draped figure before him and offers a seat on his own
eagle-decked couch (Matz—Duhn Ant. Bildw. in Rom iii. 146 f. no. 3772, P. Arndt La
Glyptotheque Ny-Carlsberg Munich 1896 p. 64 fig. 34, Reinach Rip. Reliefs iii. 330 no. 2,
R. Paribeni Le Terme di Diocleziano e II Museo Nazionale Romano^ Roma 1922 p. 217
no. 546). The lower border of the relief bears an archaising inscription, which G. Kaibel
in Inscr. Gr. Sic. It. no. 990 transcribes [6 Selva ...]eous kcl6' vttvov avedriKa Aiel ^.tvioji ...
(facsimile in W. Helbig Fiihrer durch die offentlichen Sammlnngen klassischer Altertiimer
in Romz Leipzig 1913 ii. 173 ff. no 1405 fig. 38).

4 Hesych. ' ApdvTLcriv (Musurus cj. apavriaiv)- 'Epivvai. MaKedbves. See O. Crusius
in Roscher Lex. Myth. i. 470, ii. 1165, K. Tiimpel in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. ii. 379,
O. Hoffmann Die Makedonen, Hire Sprache und ihr Volkstum Gdttingen 1906 p. 95 f.

5 Supra p. 1099 n. 2.

6 A. Rapp in Roscher Lex. Myth. i. 1328.

7 This can be best made out in the case of the Erinyes. The following sequence of
extracts attests their increasing subordination to Zeus : II. 19. 86 ff. iyib 0' ovk afribs
dfxi, I dXXa Zei)s /ecu Mol/m Kal -qeporpoiTis 'Eptws, j oi re p.01 elv dyopy (ppzaiv k'/j.fiaXov
dypiov ar7)v j k.t.X. (see further E. Heden Homerische Gbtterstudien Uppsala 1912 p. 134 f.),
Aisch. Ag. 55 ff. viraTos 5' a'ucv i) ris 'AiroWwv \ r\ nae 77 Zei)s... | varepbivoLvov \ 7re/x7ret
Trapa^dcnv 'Fipivvv, 744 ff- Trapa.Kkivaa iirenpavev j cie ya/xov iriupds reXevrds, | Svcredpos nal
dv/rofxiXos I crv/uLeva Upiafiidaicnv, \ tto/xttS. Aios ^eviov \ vv/j,<p6i<XavTos 'Epiws (see W.
Kausche ' Mythologumena Aeschylea' in the Dissertationes philologicae Halenses Halis
Saxonum 1888 ix. 182 f.), Verg. Aen. 12. 849 ff. hae (sc. the three Furies) Iovis ad
solium saevique in limine regis | apparent, acuuntque metum mortalibus aegris, | si
quando letum horrificum morbosque deum rex [ molitur, meritas aut bello territat urbes. [
harum unam celerem demisit ab aethere summo | Iupiter, etc., Val. Flacc. 4. 74 f. gravis
orantem procul arcet Erinys, | respiciens celsi legem Iovis.

8 Supra p. 1099 n. o. Gruppe Gr. Myth. Rel. p. 1116 n. 9 cites as a doubtful analogue
Hesych. ZriT-qp- Zei>(s) iv KvTrpq> = Favorin. lex. p. 828, 36 f. F. Guyet in J. Alberti's note
on Hesych. loc. cit. says: ' An Ir^rrjp a fdw, unde Tidv, Zr]i>, & Zet>s, a &w.' This deriva-
tion would have satisfied the Greeks themselves (supra i. 11 n. 5, 31 n. 3), and in Kypros
a Zeus ZrjTTjp might have been regarded as a Grecised equivalent of the Semitic debs fav
(W. W. Baudissin Adonis und Esmun Leipzig 1911 pp. 450—510 'Jahwe der lebendige
Gott'). But it is far more probable that Ti-qrr)p means ' Avenger ' and is related to frj-^ta,
^■q-Tpbs, k.t.X. (on which see A. Vanicek Griechisch-lateinisches etymologisches Wbrterbuch
Leipzig 1877 i. 756, Prellwitz Etym. Worterb. d. Gr. Spr? p. 168, Boisacq Diet. etym. de
la Langue Gr. p. 309). Supra p. 444 n. 7.

His Roman equivalent was Iupiter Ultor. Dessau Inscr. Lat. sel. no. 9239 (a dedica-
tion found at Clunia in Spain) Iovi Aug. | Ultori sacrum j L. Valerius Paternus | mil.
leg. x Gem. | optio 7 Censoris exs | voto perhaps has reference to the death of Nero.
Pertinax at the last besought Iupiter Ultor to avenge his assassination (Iul. Capit.
v. Pert. 11. 10). Domitian, Septimius Severus, Alexander Severus, Pupienus, and
Gallienus issued coins with the legend IOVI vltori (Rasche Lex. Num. iv. 902 ff.,
Suppl. iii. 158f., Stevenson—Smith—Madden Diet. Rom. Coins p. 486 fig.). I figure a
'first brass' of Alexander Severus in my collection (fig. 940) and a medallion struck in
two bronzes by the same emperor, 224 a.d. (F. Gnecchi in the Rivisla italiana di
numismatica 1888 i. 286 no. 12 pi. 8, 7 ( — my fig. 941) rev.: jovi vltori p-m-tr-p-III-
and cospp- Hexastyle temple with triumphal chariot and statues as akroteria; statuary