Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,2): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Appendixes and index (Cambridge, 1925)

Zeus Meilkhios

H33

to the king as weather-maker, and the eagle on it was no mere decoration1

Philologus i860 xv. 400 thought that it was housed in a portable wooden shrine (oiKTj/na !).
But F. Thiersch in the Abh. d. bayer. Akad. 1858 Philos.-philol. Classe viii. 445 with
far greater probability explained that the priest for the time being used a room (ot'/c^a)
in his own house as chapel for the chose sacre'e. The annual tenure of his office seems
to have been a method of ensuring his bodily competence {Folk-Lore 1904 xv. 394 ff.).

1 K. Sittl Der Adler und die Weltkugel als Attribute des Zeus (Besonderer Abdruck
aus dem vierzehnten Supplementbande der Jahrbiicher ftir classische Philologie) Leipzig
1884 pp. 3—42 contains a rich collection of material. Here we are concerned only with
the eagle in relation to the sceptre (cp. supra i. 127 fig. 96, 128 f. pi. xii, 200 f. fig. 146,
251 pi. xxii, 501 f. pi. xxxi, 590 fig. 450, 596 fig. 454, ii. 104 fig. 65, 512 fig. 39o)^-a
combination which should be compared with the cuckoo-on-sceptre {supra i. i34f., 532
fig. 399), the cock-on-column (G. von Brauchitsch Die panathe-
ndischen Preisamphoren Leipzig and Berlin 1910 p. 106 ff.
fig. 33 ff., R. Garrucci Storia del/a Arte Cristiatia Prato 1881
iv. 59 pi. 251, 1), the woodpecker-on-post (Dion. Hal. ant.
Pom. 1. 14: see Class. Rev. 1904 xviii. 375, Furtwangler Ant.
Gemmen i. pi. 24, 10, ii. 119, Harrison Themis p. 101 f. fig. 17,
W. R. Halliday Greek Divination London 1913 p. 265. I figure
(scale f) an engraved cornelian at Corpus Christi College, Cam-
bridge (J. H. Middleton The Lewis Collection of Gems and Rings
London 1892 p. 50 no. 26), which shows a warrior consulting
the woodpecker of Mars at Tiora Matiene (Dion. Hal. loc. cit.)),
the hawk-on-pillar (D. G. Hogarth Excavations at Ephesus
London 1908 pp. 157 pi. 22, 1 a, 161 f. pi. 25, 1 ff., 198, W. M.
Flinders Petrie Tanis London 1888 ii. 2. 9, J. T. Bent 'The
Ruined Cities of Mashonalandz London 1895 p. 180 ff.), the Fig. 957.

dove-on-sceptre {Encyclopaedia Britannica® London 1886 xx.

340 s.v. 'Regalia,' ib. xxi. 385 s.v. 'Sceptre,' Folk-Lore 1906 xvii. 315, The Daily
Graphic for Dec. 14, 1907 p. 8 fig.), and the like.

The earliest literary allusions (Pind. Pyth. 9 ff. evSei 5' ava oko-itt^ Aids aieros, k.t.\.
with schol. ad loc. and Soph. frag. 799 Nauck2, 884 Jebb, op. schol. Aristoph. av. 5:5
6 <TKr]irTpol3afX(jii> aieros, kvojv Atos) are at least suggestive of vitality. Cp. Append. N
med. And classical numismatic art conceived of the bird as alive and active. On an
archaic silver obol (?) of Galaria or Galarina in Sicily he is unusually large and prominent
{Brit. Mus. Cat. Corns Sicily p. 64 fig., P. Gardner Types of Gk Coins p. 89 pi. 2,
1 f., G. F. Hill Coins of Ancient Sicily London 1903 p. 90 f. fig. 12, Head Hist, num."2,

p. 139 obv. CAAA, Dionysos standing with kdntharos and vine-branch; rev. ^OTEf^
retrograde, Zeus enthroned with eagle-sceptre). On coppers of Ptolemy vi Philometor
{Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins The Ptolemies, Kings of Egypt p. 80 pi. 19, 2, Hunter Cat.
Coins iii. 388 TTTOAEAAAIOY BAIIAEflZ and EYA (the regent Eulaios)) and
of Antiochos viii Grypos {Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Seleucid Kings of Syria p. 90 pi. 24, 4,
Hunter Cat. Coins iii. 102 f. Pl. 70, 1 BAIIAEHI ANTIOXOY ETTI4>AN0Y2
with IE to left, BSP (=120 B.C.) and ear of corn below, ib. iii. 103 pl. 70, 2) the Mace-
donian eagle appears shouldering a sceptre. On a gold coin struck by Koson, king of
Thrace (??) under the Romans, c. 42 b.C. the eagle carries a sceptre and a wreath {Brit.
Mus. Cat. Coins Thrace p. 208 fig., Hunter Cat. Coins i. 436, Ant. Miinz. Berlin
Paeonia etc. iii. 2. 23 fig., Head Hist, num.2 pp. 272, 289). Denarii struck c. 49 b.C.
by one Terentius Varro pro quaestore have obv. varro • pro q, a filleted bust of Iupiter
{Terminalis ?) to right ; rev. magn • pro cos {Magnus pro consule) in exergue, a sceptre
upright between an eagle and a dolphin (emblems of earth, air, and sea ?) (Babelon
A/onn. rep. rom. ii. 343, 485^ fig., Brit. Mus. Cat. Rom. Coins Rep. ii. 362 nos. 64,
65 pl. 100, 16, 66, 363 nos. 67, 68 pl. 100, 18, 69). An aureus of Q. Caecilius Metellus
Pius Scipio, 48—46 b.C., has obv. metel-pivs SCIp-imp, a bust of Iupiter {Terminalis})