Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,2): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Appendixes and index (Cambridge, 1925)

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Appendix M

but an actual embodiment of Zeus1, which conferred upon its holder the
powers of the sky-god. This belief has left traces of itself throughout the
historical period of Greece and Rome2; indeed, it appears to have lingered
on3 well into the middle ages4. In a sense it is still with us5. But if the
mythopoeic mind fitly transformed any ancient king into an eagle6, it did so
in the case of Periphas with a clear conscience. For Periphas, as son or father
of Lapithes7, was near akin to the Phlegyai8, whose very name marks them
as an ' Eagle'-tribe9.

In conclusion, the devotion of Periphas to Apollon is adequately explained,
either by the fact that in the Lapith genealogy Lapithes and Kentauros were

to right, with an eagle's head and sceptre below (Babelon Monn. rep. row. i. 278 f.

fig., Brit. Mus. Cat. Rom. Coins Rep. ii. 571 fig.:
there are denarii with the same type—Babelon op. cit.
i. 279, Brit. Mus. Cat. Rom. Coins Rep. ii. 571 no. 4
pi. 121, 2, no. 5). A first brass of Hadrian has rev.
provid entiadeorvm and s-c-, an eagle flying with
a sceptre towards the emperor, who stands with a
roll in his left hand (Cohen Monn. emp. rom? ii. 208
no. 1207. Fig. 958 is from a specimen in my collection.
Cohen ib. no. 1208 fig. shows a second brass with the
same design).'

1 Supra i. 105 f. fig. 76, 164 n. 4, 532 figs. 395—400,
543 n. 6, and especially ii. 187 n. 8, 751 f.

2 Supra p. 1133 n. 1.

3 Cp. R. Garrucci Storia della Arte Cristiana Prato 1881 iv. 76 pi. 226, 5.

4 Mrs H. Jenner Christian Symbolism London 1910 p. 41 f.: 'The Eagle is chiefly
used to suggest the inspiration of the Holy Spirit to saints of the Old Law, such as David
and Elisha, but it is not common.' This is illustrated by a plate from an English ms. of
s. xi now in the British Museum (Cotton. Tib. C. vi), which shows David inspired by
the eagle on his sceptre (Mrs Jenner by an odd slip says 'dove'): above is the hand of
God, holding a horn full of rays. My friend Mr G. F. Hill kindly directs me to a
discussion of the inspiration-type by C. R. Morey ' East Christian Paintings in the
Freer Collection' in the University of Michigan Studies, Humanistic Series 1914 xii.
35

5 Supra p. 1133 n. 1 the dove-on-sceptre.

K In addition to Periphas (supra p. 1121 f.), and Merops [supra p. 1131 f.), the shape-
shifter Periklymenos underwent the same transformation (Hes. frag. 14, 3 f. Rzach ap.
schol. Ap. Rhod. 1. 156, Ov. met. 12. 5560"., Hyg. fab. 10). ? Cp. Furtwangler Ant.
Gemmen i pi. 26, 71 and 72, ii. 132, if not also i pi. 25, 42, ii. 128.

7 Supra p. 1122.

8 See the pedigrees in Gerhard Gr. Myth. p. 227 f. (' Lapithen und Phlegyer').

9 Hes. sc. Her. 133 f. (arrows) 'oiriade \ fibpcpvoLo (pXeyvao KaXinrTOfJievoi Trrepvyeaaiv,
Hesych. s.v. (pXeyvas • deros ijavdos, o£tfs, Souid. s.v. (pXeyvas • 6 deros, et. mag. p. 795,
57 fif. (pXeyvas, Igtlv deros, 07r6 rod (pXiyeiv Kai Xafnrpbs elvai. oi <5e, opveov irapairXrjaiov
yvTri. Hcri'oSos'Ao"7rt5i, ' p.op<pvoio (pXeyvao,' tovtsctti fxeXavos aerov, Eustath. in II. p. 933,
27 f. prirwp de rts, Kara aroix^ov avvra^as airep iwovrjue, Xeyet /ccii on (pXeyvas ^avObs deros,
Kara yXGxraav nva, ws Zoinev. A. Fick in the Zeitschriftfur vergleichende Sprachforschung
auf dem Gcbiete der indogermanischen Sprachen 1914 xlvi. 77 f. renders cpXeyvas ' der
Schwarzadler' and adds: 'Das Wort wird soviel als " braun, dunkel" bedeutet haben :
wie aWwv braun, aWaXos Russ von aWeiv brennen, so (pXeyvas von <pXeyco brennen, engl.
black zu germ, blek ((pXtyeLv).' See further my paper on 'Descriptive animal names in
Greece' in the Class. Rev. 1894 viii. 381 ff. and, for the bird-tribes of Greece and Italy,
an appendix by W. R. Halliday Greek Divination London 1913 p. 277 ff.