Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,2): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Appendixes and index (Cambridge, 1925)

Appendix M

their attendants the sacred peplos and two cushioned diphroi. Of these diphroi
one is being handed to the 'queen,' the other with a footstool1 is reserved for
the 'king.' He is a very noteworthy personage. Alone of all the figures on the
frieze, he is clad simply in a long chiton with short sleeves and in shoes—doubt-
less the Cretan garment2 and royal footgear3, which we know to have been his
distinctive attire. Court etiquette is conservative and these articles of apparel
were reminiscent of 'Minoan' predecessors. But, to complete his costume, he
needs a himation ; and it seems not unreasonable to conjecture that he is about
to put on immortality in the shape of Athena's peplos^. This done, the 'king'

I confess, seem inadequate) regard the scene as (i) the priest receiving the new piplos
(most archaeologists); (2) the priest folding up and putting away the old peplos (G. F. Hill
'The east frieze of the Parthenon' in the Class. Rev. 1894 viii. 225 f., E. A. Gardner
A Handbook op Greek Sculpture London 1897 ii. 291 f., id. Ancient Athens London 1902
p. 332 ff.); (3) the priest, about to sacrifice, handing his own himation to the boy, cp.
the vase shown in the Arch. Zeit. 1879 xxxvii pi. 4 (A. Flasch Zum Parthenon-Fries
Wtirzburg 1877 P- 99 Friederichs—Wolters Gipsabgiisse p. 277 f., Sir C. Waldstein
'The Panathenaic festival and the central slab of the Parthenon frieze' in the Am. Journ.
Arch. 1885 i. 10 ff., id. Essays on the Art of Pheidias Cambridge 1885 p. 229 ff. ('The
central slab of the Parthenon frieze and the Copenhagen plaque') pis. 11 f.); (4) the
/3a<n\etys, before sacrifice, about to put on his prolonioti (W. Watkiss Lloyd ' On the
Central Groups of the Eastern Frieze of the Parthenon' in Transactions of the Royal
Society of Literature Second Series (1892) xvi. 73 ff.); (5) the priest receiving a carpet
(aTpwixvr}, cp. Dittenberger Syll. inscr. Gr." no. 589, 9 and 44 f.) to be spread before the
seats of the gods for a theoxeny (E. Curtius in the Jahrb. d. deutsch. arch. Inst. 1894 ix
Arch. Anz. p. i8r, Miss J. E. Harrison in the Class. Rev. 1895 ix. 91, 427^ ('The
central group of the east frieze of the Parthenon: peplos or arpiapv-ql')). See also
E. Petersen ' Peplostibergabe ' in the Arch. Zeit. 1877 xxxv. 136 f., A. Michaelis ' Peplos
und Priestermantel' in the Festschrift fiir fohannes Overbeck Leipzig 1893 p. 178 ff.,
A. H. Smith in the Brit. Mus. Cat. Sculpture i. 156 ff., id. A Guide to the Sculptures of
the Parthenon London 1908 p. 75 ft., id. The Sculptures of the Parthenon London 1910
p. 53, Furtwangler Masterpieces of Gk. Sculpt, p. 427, id. in the Class. Rev. 1895
ix. 274 ff.

1 E. Petersen Die Kunst des Pheidias am Parthenon und zu Olympia Berlin 1873
p. 247 n. 1.

2 Poll. 7.77 eKoKelro 5t ti /cat KprjTLKov, y 'Ad-qv-qaLv b j3aai\evs ixpvT0-

3 Poll. 7. 85 \jTroby)fj.arwv 8i elbt) ftaaihiSes ■ ecpbpei Se auras 6 (3a<ri\evs Adqvrjffiv.

4 If it be objected that the (3aai\evs had no right to masquerade in the costume of
Athena, various considerations may be urged in his defence. At the Greater Mystery of

■ Pheneos in Arkadia the priest put on the mask of Demeter Kidaria before smiting the
Underground Folk with rods (Paus. 8. 15. 3). The obverse of a gold stater with the name
and types of Alexander the Great is believed by C. T. Seltman to exhibit the head of
Demetrios Poliorketes wearing the helmet of Athena (Num. Cliron. Fourth Series 1909
ix. 267 ff. pi. 20, 3). A Melian copper of imperial date shows a bearded male figure
inscribed T j V | [X] | H, with left arm carrying a child and right arm resting on a pillar
(Imhoof-Blumer Gr. Miinzen p. 23 no. 66 pi. 2, 8), presumably a benefactor of Melos
represented as her Tyche holding the infant Ploutos (so Furtwangler Masterpieces of Gk.
Sculpt, p. 382 n. 3). The colossal statues of the Nemroud Dagh include Antiochos i of
Kommagene, who in the accompanying inscription speaks of himself as Tvxys vias (supra
i. 744 n. 3). Conversely, the gold octadrachms and silver decadrachms etc. of the deified
Arsinoe ii give her a horn like that of Zeus Amnion (J. N. Svoronos in the Journ. Intern,
d''Arch. Num. cited supra p. 773 fig. 739, C. T. Seltman Num. Chron. Fourth Series
1909 ix. 269, Head Hist, num.2 p. 850). Again, it might be pointed out that a woman's
pe~plos is really the same garment as a man's himation, both being essentially an oblong
piece of woollen cloth folded for wear. But the true defence of the paaiXetjs is more