Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,2): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Appendixes and index (Cambridge, 1925)

Appendix M

is to be trusted, the eponymous king Sikyon, son of Marathon son of Epopeus,
came of a family in which we have already seen reason to suspect successive in-
carnations of Zeus1. To be sure, there were rival traditions with regard to
Sikyon. Hesiod made him the son of Erechtheus2. Asios the Samian genea-
logist3 took him to be the son of Metion son of Erechtheus, and this view was
preferred by the Sicyonians themselves4. Finally, Ibykos deemed him the son
of Pelops5. But the variants each and all suggest close connexion with Zeus.
Erechtheus, the ' Cleaver,' was a cult-title of Zeus the lightning-god6. Metion is

History of Discoveries at Halicarnassus, Cnidus, and Branchida London 1862 —1863 i
pis. 61—66, ii. 480—511, id. Travels & Discoveries in the Levant London 1865 ii. -214 fF.,
Brit. Mas. Cat. Scutplnre ii. 214 ff. no. 1350, J. Fergusson op. cit? i. 284^ fig. 164, P.
Gardner Sculptured Tombs of Hellas London 1896 p. 224 ff. fig. 77), the Mausoleion of
Halikarnassos, the stepped tomb at Mylasa (M. G. F. A. Comte de Choiseul-Gouffier

Voyage pittoresque de la Grece Paris 1782 i. 144 ff. pis. 85—89, Antiquities of Ionia pub-
lished by the Society of Dilettanti London 1797 ii. 26 pis. 24—26, C. Fellows An Account
of Discoveries in Lycia London 1841 p. 75 f. with pi.), and that near Delphoi (E. Dodwell

Views and Descriptions of Cyclopian, or, Pelasgic Remains, in Greece and Italy London

1834 p. 20 pi. 36 f.).

(d) A good specimen of the smooth-sided pyramid on plinth is the tomb of 'Zechariah'
in the Valley of Jeboshaphat near Jerusalem (T. H. Home Landscape Illustrations of the
Bible London 1836 i pi. 93 with text). See also supra i. 515 n. 5 fig. 388, ii. 814 f.
fig. 781, cp. i. 600 ff. figs. 465—468.

Further cp. the pyramids built above the rock-cut tombs of the Maccabees at Modin
(Mace. 1. 13. 25—30, Ioseph. ant. hid. T3. 6. 5, Euseb. onomaslicon de locis Hebi-aicis s.v.
- Model/A p. 290, 4 ff. F. Larsow—G. Parthey = Hieron. de situ et nominibus locorum
Hebraicorum s.v. 'Modeim' p. 291, 6 ff. F. Larsow—G. Parthey: see V. Guerin
Description geographique, historique et archeologique de la Palestine Paris r868.—1S80
Seconde partie—Samarie ii. 55 ff- with two pis., Troisieme partie—Galilee i. 47 ft.,
Perrot—Chipiez Hist, de IArt iv. 361), the three pyramids built near Jerusalem by
Helene, sister and wife of Monobazos Bazaios king of Adiabene (Ioseph. ant. hid. 20.
4. 3, bell. hid. 5. 2. 2, 5. 3. 3, 5. 4. 2, Paus. 8. 16. 5, Euseb. hist. eccl. 1. 12. 3, Hieron.
epist. 108. 9 (xxii. 883 Migne) : see W. Otto in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. vii. 2836 f.),
the pyramid, decorated with Argive shields, beneath which the followers of Proitos and
Akrisios were buried (Paus. 2. 25. 7), the pyramidal tombs built by Hieron ii at Agyrion
in Sicily (Diod. 16. 83), those made for horses at Agrigentum (Plin. nat. hist. 8. 155),
the rock-cut 'Sepolcro Consolare' at Palazzola (Palazzuolo) above the Alban Lake (A.
Nibby Viaggio autiquario nc' coniorni di Roma Roma 1819 ii. r25 f.), the ' Sepolcro di
Pompeo' or, as the folk of the district call it, ' di Ascanio' on the via Appia near Albano
(A. Nibby op. cit. ii. 110—112), and another tomb near Capua (J. C. Richard de Saint-
Non Voyage pittoresque ou description des royatimes de Naples et de Sicile Paris 1781 — 1786
ii. 249).

All these and other related types (cones etc.) ought to be made the subject of a thorough-
going investigation. It would, no doubt, be found that the structures in question were
produced by a combination of factors, some of practical exigency, some of symbolic signi-
ficance. I shall content myself with suggesting that one root-idea was that of a mountain
reaching up to heaven—an idea comparable with those of the sky-pillar [supra p. 44 ff-),
the soul-ladder [supra p. T21 ff.), the stepped or spiral tower [supra p. 128 f.).

1 Supra i. 245 ff.

2 lies. frag. 229 Flach, 102 Rzach ap. Paus. 2. 6. 5.

3 E. Bethe in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. ii. [606, W. Christ Geschichte der griechi-
schen Litteratur5 Munch en 1908 i. 125.

4 Asios frag, n Kinkel ap. Paus. 1. 6. 5.

3 Ibyk. frag. 48 Bergk4 ap. Paus. 2. 6. 5. 6 Supra p. 793.