Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,2): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Appendixes and index (Cambridge, 1925)

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Addenda

folio iiirect0): 'There shall be a pillar (cT'sAoc = arvXos) of light, like unto silver, in
Amenti (Hades): all mankind that is shall come to the place of judgment. But ye upon
your thrones within the wall shall order the judgment. But the rest of the just—they who
shall not be able to attain to the measure of the judgment—shall sit [or rest, remain) upon
a pillar (ard\os) of light, that they may behold them who do judgment and them who
have judgment done upon them.' Mr Evelyn White further noted (Oct. 24, 1921), after
Dr M. R. James, a 'great pillar' in the judgment-scene of oracl. Sib. 2. 238 ff. Geffcken
Tjv'iKa. 5' avaT-quri vi/cvas fioipav KaraXvcras | /ecu Kadiffri 2a/3atLi# 'Adcovaios vxpiKepavvos I es
dpbvov ovpaviov [re] /xeyav 5^ re k'iovo. ir-q^rj, | r/ijei 5' iv ve<pi\rj Trpos atfidirov a<p6i.Tos avros |
ev doijy Xpiarbs k.t.X.

ii. 45 n. r. After repeated inspection of the marble (in the spring of 1922) and
examination of a good photograph I incline to think that the arch is intentional, that the
pillar is topped by an abacus, and that the inscription should be read as IEEYZ.

ii. 50 ff. F. Haug 'Die Irminsul' in Germania 1918 ii. 68—72 contends that there
was but one IrminsM, that of Eresburg, probably a huge oak-tree lopped of its boughs
but still rooted in the ground, till it was destroyed by Charles the Great in 772 a.d.
Haug makes light of Widukind's evidence for a second Irminsill at Scheidungen, and
gives short shrift to the view of Mullenhoff and Mogk that there were several or even
many such pillars. He regards the first element in the name as either adjectival (' machtige,
starke, erhabene Saule') or substantival ('fiir Irmin{e)ssul, d. h. Saule des Gottes oder
Halbgottes Irmin').

ii. 50 n. 2. C. Petersen ' Zioter (Zeter) oder Tiodute (Jodute), der Gott des Kriegs
und des Rechts bei den Deutschen' in Foischungen zur Deutschen Geschichte 1866 vi.
223—342 must be read with caution.

ii. 51 n. 5. Mr B. Dickins has sent me the following notes in criticism (Oct. 8, 1920)
of the view advocated by J. Grimm, K. Simrock, and others:—

' The evidence on which this view is based appears to be as follows :

(a) Stephens, No. 5, taken from Hickes' edition of the A.S. Runic Poem, which glosses
v|/ as both ear and tir : this poem was however derived from the burnt Cott. Otho B. 10,
which seems to have had the characters but no names, the latter being added by Hickes
from

(b) Stephens, No. 9, taken from Cott. Dom. A. 9, the writer or copyist of which was.
an ignorant person who confused Y and / |s as he had previously failed to distinguish
between the names of V\ and M .

(f) Stephens, No. 10, taken from St Gall, 4to, No. 270, p. 52, which gives the value

and name of as z and aer respectively. This is a pretty faithful copy of the A.S. 28
letter futhorc only partially assimilated to the phonology of O.H.G.; e.g. p is still pre-
served, though its name has become dom, and ^ retains the name ti and the value t,

though the name and value of V\ have become tag and /.

Later a more drastic attempt is made to harmonize the Latin alphabet, the English
futhorc and the sounds of O.H.G. p disappears, though its name ]?orn in the form dom

is attached to N ; the A.S. name of M [dceg) is changed to tac and attached to A^-, while

vf/, for which O.H.G. had no use in its proper value ea, is baptised ziu, which corresponds
with A.S. tin/ (found also in the alphabets as ti and tir).

However the equation of Bavarian Er and A.S. ear is etymologically unsound, and
the association of with the god Ziu is quite fortuitous, for the following reasons : —

(1) The use of J to represent the sound of z [ts] is by no means universal ; cf. e.g.
Stephens Nos. 13 and 18 where varieties of the Latin z are used and No. 20, where the
last letter of the Northumbrian futhorc ^ (gaar) is similarly thrust into the gap.

(2) is a specifically English letter invented to represent the ea which arose from
Gmc. au : it is not found in inscriptions outside the English area, and where it occurs in
O.H.G. futhorcs and alphabets it is legitimate to assume that it has been borrowed from
England.

(3) The sound z [z], which existed in the parent Gmc. and was represented by Y in

the old futhark, disappeared both in English and German, though the letter kept its place
in the series and was sometimes used in the later Runic alphabets to fill the vacant place
of the Latin x. When, therefore, by the Fourth Sound-Shifting a new z [ts] developed