Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 3,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (earthquake, clouds, wind, dew, rain, meteorits): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1940)

Zeus and the Earthquakes 9

the same idez—elastchthon\' who smiteth the land,' elelickthon\'who

7 r<? 5 xpwrai, olov AWwvp Twfap (Schaefer transp. Tv^VP Awip). 7'**« 5"^os'
7*o0ep6, sm4>ep6v. In forwI. 9 BergkVso Diehl a/. Prokl. i» Hes o.d 389 rp^6Xeo,
<5e (cod. a), where T. Bergk prints rpb xoX&iaw and E. Diehl rpiTroXo, S„, J. M. Edmonds
cj. rpixoXos r, Si)). It should, however, be observed that the ancient grammanans in general
are by no means committed to this view. . _ „

With the dawn of modern philology scholars began to doubt the equation
H. L. Ahrens De diahcto Dorica Gottingae 18+3 p. 80 f. definitely denied it He explained
'E,„o<riSaS either as a simple derivative of i*o<m, or as a blundered form of BWl7«M, or
as equivalent to'Ewatyaioi, AS being in this case an ancient but unrelated name o the
goddess Vrj (H. L. Ahrens in Philologus .866 xxiii. 207 n. 20). Later, on the strength 01
Cypriote fa = Attic yr, (YV. Deecke and J. Siegismund in the Studien zur gnecluscheu und
lateinischtn Grammatikherausgegeben von G. Curtius Leipzig 1875 vu. 2211, U. rionmani
Die Griechischen Dialekte Gouingen 1891 L »«, A. Thumb Haudbuch der griechischen
Dialekte Heidelberg 1909 p. 292, C. D. Buck Introduction to the Study of the Greek Dialects
Boston ,9I0 p. 55, F. Bechtel Die griechischen Dialekte Berlin 1921 l 4"), a"rens
admitted SS as a Doric form of yv (H. L. Ahrens in Philologus 1876 xxxv. ai)-an admis-
sion in which he was followed by I. Schmidt in the Zcitschrift fiir vergleichende Spracn-
forschung ,881 xxv. 145ft". and R. Meister Die griechischen Dialekte Gbttmgen 188911. 221,
•54. cp. G. Meyer Griechische Grammatlk* Leipzig .896 p. 268 (' SS ist wohl Moss fur die
Erklarung von Mu&Tvp erfunden'). But the normal Doric form of yv was ya (E. Boisacq
Les dialcctes doriens Paris 1891 p. 48 f.), and no recent philologist-even when confronted
with Laconian 5<0oupa (Hesych. s.v. Sufiovpa (M. Schmidt corr. 8i0oupa) • ytyvpa. Adiwmj
and Gortynian S(<p5pa (D. Comparetti in the Man. d. Line. 1893 iii. 293 ff. no. 154. 11 l* •
with facsimile = F. Blass in Collitz-Bechtel Gr. Dial.-Inschr. iii. 2. 286 f. no. 5000, 11 0
14 ff- ret. Si poiv \ei[x]|o. Sttop icarfc" * (Comparetti reports A, a mason s error) w
*7opa|t 6^0upa j ^Oor, p&r Si ^) = 7i0upa-would support the claim that Sa is a legiti-
mate Dorism for yr). t f
That being so, we must abandon the attempt to make 'BwcxriSos a dialect torm o
'Eyyoalyaias. For all that, it may amount to much the same thing. Personally 1 incline
to the view that AS was an ancient name of the earth-mother {supra 11. 584 nn. o, 1, 6 5
n- 1), ASs an ancient name of the sky-father, ultimately related to Zeus (H. L. Aniens 1
AflMSIM 1866 xxiii. 206 f.) and found as second element in the compounds
'Lord Zeus' [supra ii. 582 ff.), and di^Adas di-ASs, 'Zeus of the Earth (Class. Rev. 1903
xv". 175 L, Folk-Lore 190+ xv. 280ff.); and I should interpret hyoat-Ms as He tn
shaketh Da, the Earth' rather than as 'Das or Zeus of the earthquake (cp.Class,
'903 xvii. 175). The later accentuation noriSas, 'AfSas, 'Emxr/Jai was due—I conceive
to the false analogy of patronymics. , . ■

Others prefer to suppose that in the tragic exclamation 5S we have the vocative and n
the bucolic abjuration ov SS- the accusative case of ASs, 'Zeus' (so H. L.. Allien
Philologus 1866 xxiii. 206f., R. Kuhnei-F. Blass Ausfuhrliche Grammatik dergriechischen
Sprache8 Hannover 1890 L 144,459). , , , ,nf

1 Pind.frag. 18 Bergk* a/. Eustath. comment. Find, praef. 16 (tfMW. p. Sfi. W*
Tafel) m| <Wx0o,« ItamMM' to, e,WlY«u.r. F. G. Schneidewin in his Eustathi.
Proumium commentariorum Pindaricorum Gottingae 1837 P- 7 n- 13 saJS,„wf°fl n1im
"ovum.' ButT. Bergk ad loc. adds: 'nisi forte Pyth. VI 50 pro ifr-f ■^gf"™
«iam'E\d«x9w legebatui.' L. Dindorf in Stephanus 7*«. fiir. Ziy. ^9 C cp.
Hesych. s.v. ■BubJ-i n«r«sa,, * 'A*>r««; which, however, J- A. HartongDu
Keligion und Mythologie der Griechen Leipzig 1866 iii. 2.9 and O. Jessen in Fauly
Wissowa RealJnc. v. 2240 would translate ' Rower.' More probably it means Dmer
°f horses (so H. Usener in the Khcin. Mus. .898 BiL 348 ^fl O
Wzig-Berlin 1913 iv. 278 and Gruppe Gr. ifrtf. Rel. p. «6i ->• 4. cP. FarneU

"/ Gfe ^ato iv I?) _ Poseidon"Ittttio!, 'IvTcrt^,

2 Pind. /^m. 6. 50 ff. 'EXi\iX^.. |... | ...HoaoSir.