DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.14698#0047
12 Zeus and the Earthquakes
Taidoxos (Paus. 3. 21. 8 Kal ArjfiTjTpos Upbv dywv Kal HoaeiSQvos &ya\p.a Taiabxov (so codd.
Va. Ag. Pc. Lb. yaiaovxov codd. Vb. La. R. Pa.)). Both deities figure 011 coins of the
town—Demeter seated, holding corn-ears and sceptre, on a bronze coin struck by Geta
(Numismata quadam cujuscunque forma: et metatti musei Honorii Arigoni, Veneti Tarvisii
1741 i. 9 no. 134, Imhoof-Blumer and P. Gardner Num. Comm. Paus. i. 62 no. 5),
Poseidon standing, naked, with dolphin in outstretched right hand and trident in raised
left, on a bronze coin struck by Caracalla (Imhoof-Blumer and P. Gardner op. cit. i. 62
no. 6 pi. O, 3).
3 Athens had a priest of Poseidon Taidoxos and 'Epex&etis (Corp. inscr. Att. iii. 1
no. 276 = Michel Recueil cC Inscr. gr. no. 860, 37 = Roberts—Gardner Gk. Epigr. ii. 469
110. 268 a theatre-seat inscribed shortly before the Christian era iepfws | HoaeiS&vos |
Vai-qoxov Kal | 'Epex^ws), otherwise styled Poseidon 'Epex#6us ratifaxos (Corp. inscr. Att.
111. 1 no. 805 = Dittenberger Sytl. inscr. Gr. '3 no. 790 a base of Pentelic marble, on the
akropolis at Athens, recording a statue of C. Iulius Spartiaticus erected in the time of
Nero rd(ibi') 'lov\iov 1,irapTia\TiKbv, dpx'ep& 0e|[<3c] 2e/3ao-Tc3i< k[cu] | [yi]vovs 2e[/3]a<rn2i' |
€k tov koivov T7j[s] j ' Axatas Sta fitov 7rpu>\rov t&v air* alujvos, \ 6 iepeus no(m5wpo[s] | 'Epex^0?
VaLt]6xov I Ti(fiipios) KAatySios Q€oyivr][s] j Ilcucme^s tov iavTov | <pl\ov).
These inscriptions implya rather half-hearted identification of Erechtheus with Poseidon
Taiijoxos. Other available evidence points in the same direction; for, whereas in s. iv B.C.
the tribe Erechtheis is careful to distinguish its eponymous hero from Poseidon (Corp.
inscr. Att. iv. 2 no. 556 c, 1 ff. =J. v. Prott and L. Ziehen Leges Graecorum sacrae ii no. 27,
1 ff. = Inscr. Gr. ed. min. ii—iii. 1 no. 1146, 1 ff. a decree of the tribe Erechtheis, before
350 B.C. Beol. ] Q'lKtuv e?7rec i[ep£<70ai tSi HoaaSS>\\vi Kal tlol 'Epe[x#e? tSv lepia Tbv
del] ] \axbvra rvxl.VL dyaBiji tt}s (3o\t}s /cat] ) tov Srjp.0 ro[0 'Adijvalojv Kal rijs <pf\i)s] | rijs
'Epex6r]i[Sos-------] I warpia Kal Ka[------Btiev S]\e ravpov Kal t[--------] |
K.r.\.)—a distinction observed as late as s. ii A.n. (Paus. 1. 26. 5 iae\8ov<tl Si (sc. into
the Erechtheion) elai fiwfiol, HotreiSGivos, i<f ov Kal 'Epex#« Bbovaiv (k tov (so R. Porson
and E. Clavier for 4k tov codd.) /tavreiifiaTos, Kal 17'pwos Bovtov, rp/ros Si 'Hcpa/crrou. AeXr.
Apx- 1889 p. 20f. no. 18 (a fragmentary marble base inscribed in .f. ii (?) A.D. and built
into a buttress on the southern wall of the akropolis at Athens) [. .. .]a ILoo-eiSw [v.......] j
[.~[aviov Haiaviia [.........]|ou 'Arepvlov "A/3pci>|>os.....] | 'EpexBius [............] I
[...........] is indecisive)—, there was, at least from s. v B.C. onwards, a growing
tendency to equate Poseidon with Erechtheus, the earlier occupant of. the Erechtheion
(supra ii. 793), the result being a syncretisticgod called Poseidon 'EpexBevs (Lebas—Foucart
Attique no. 104= Corp. inscr. Att. i no. 387 = Inscr. Gr. ed. min. i no. 580 a small column
of Pentelic marble found near the Erechtheion and inscribed in lettering of s. v B.C.
'E7riT^\es I Oivoxapes \ Soivavro \ Hepyaaedev | XloaeiSovi | 'EpexBet | aveBiTev, Apollod.
3. 15. 1 Tlavdiovos Si diroBavovTOS oi iraiSes to. 7rarpcpa ep.epiaavTOt Kal Tr/v<:pt.iv (ins.
I. Bekker) > (3ao-C\elav 'EpexB eis Xa/j.jSdvei, tt\v Si lepuxrivrjv rrjs 'AB-qvai Kal tov Uoo-eiSuivos
tov 'EpexBiios (so C. G. Heyne, followed by R. Hercher, R. Wagner, Sir J. G. Frazer,
for ipixBovlov codd. C. Miiller, A. Westermann, I. Bekker accept 'EpixBovlov) Boi/t?;s,
[Plout.] de vitis decern oratorum 7 Lykourgos 843 B Mr)8eios, 6s tt]v \epweivr\v HooeiSwvos
'EpexBiois etxe, ii. 843 C Kal Aio/cXf'a, Siera'ifaro Si Kal ttjv Upwcrvvr]v tov TloaeiSCivos
'EpexBius (sc- Medeios ii and Diokles iii in the stemma of the Eteoboutadai as given by
J. Tdpffer Attische Genealogie Bonn 1889 p. 318. [Plout.] loc. cit. 843 E—f states that
the insigne of the priesthood was a trident handed on from one man to another, and that
a group of successive priests was painted by Ismenias of Chalkis iv irlvaKi reXeitp (on a
tablet of full-length figures?) and dedicated in the Erechtheion by Habron son of Lykourgos
the orator. A. Reinach Textes grecs et latins relatifs a Ihistoire de la peinture ancienne
Paris 1921 i. 305 n. 4 shows that this ancestral group contained seven figures and must
have been executed between 320 and 310 B.C.), Hesych. s.v. 'EpexOevs- UoaeiSQv iv
'AB-qvais ( = Favorin. lex. p. 744, 36 f.), schol. Lyk. Al. 158 to Si 'Epex&evs rices p.iv eirl
tov XlotxeiSuvos, &XK01 Si M tov Atos t\Kovoav, Tzetz. zVLyk. Al. 158 icTeiKev 6'EpexBeds
0 Zei>s 7) 6 Iloo-etSwv Trapa to epixBoj t6 kivu Xeydpievos (cp. supra ii. 793)) or less often
'EpexBebs Poseidon (Athenag. supplicatio pro Cftristianis r p. 1, i2f. Schwartz 6 Si
Taidoxos (Paus. 3. 21. 8 Kal ArjfiTjTpos Upbv dywv Kal HoaeiSQvos &ya\p.a Taiabxov (so codd.
Va. Ag. Pc. Lb. yaiaovxov codd. Vb. La. R. Pa.)). Both deities figure 011 coins of the
town—Demeter seated, holding corn-ears and sceptre, on a bronze coin struck by Geta
(Numismata quadam cujuscunque forma: et metatti musei Honorii Arigoni, Veneti Tarvisii
1741 i. 9 no. 134, Imhoof-Blumer and P. Gardner Num. Comm. Paus. i. 62 no. 5),
Poseidon standing, naked, with dolphin in outstretched right hand and trident in raised
left, on a bronze coin struck by Caracalla (Imhoof-Blumer and P. Gardner op. cit. i. 62
no. 6 pi. O, 3).
3 Athens had a priest of Poseidon Taidoxos and 'Epex&etis (Corp. inscr. Att. iii. 1
no. 276 = Michel Recueil cC Inscr. gr. no. 860, 37 = Roberts—Gardner Gk. Epigr. ii. 469
110. 268 a theatre-seat inscribed shortly before the Christian era iepfws | HoaeiS&vos |
Vai-qoxov Kal | 'Epex^ws), otherwise styled Poseidon 'Epex#6us ratifaxos (Corp. inscr. Att.
111. 1 no. 805 = Dittenberger Sytl. inscr. Gr. '3 no. 790 a base of Pentelic marble, on the
akropolis at Athens, recording a statue of C. Iulius Spartiaticus erected in the time of
Nero rd(ibi') 'lov\iov 1,irapTia\TiKbv, dpx'ep& 0e|[<3c] 2e/3ao-Tc3i< k[cu] | [yi]vovs 2e[/3]a<rn2i' |
€k tov koivov T7j[s] j ' Axatas Sta fitov 7rpu>\rov t&v air* alujvos, \ 6 iepeus no(m5wpo[s] | 'Epex^0?
VaLt]6xov I Ti(fiipios) KAatySios Q€oyivr][s] j Ilcucme^s tov iavTov | <pl\ov).
These inscriptions implya rather half-hearted identification of Erechtheus with Poseidon
Taiijoxos. Other available evidence points in the same direction; for, whereas in s. iv B.C.
the tribe Erechtheis is careful to distinguish its eponymous hero from Poseidon (Corp.
inscr. Att. iv. 2 no. 556 c, 1 ff. =J. v. Prott and L. Ziehen Leges Graecorum sacrae ii no. 27,
1 ff. = Inscr. Gr. ed. min. ii—iii. 1 no. 1146, 1 ff. a decree of the tribe Erechtheis, before
350 B.C. Beol. ] Q'lKtuv e?7rec i[ep£<70ai tSi HoaaSS>\\vi Kal tlol 'Epe[x#e? tSv lepia Tbv
del] ] \axbvra rvxl.VL dyaBiji tt}s (3o\t}s /cat] ) tov Srjp.0 ro[0 'Adijvalojv Kal rijs <pf\i)s] | rijs
'Epex6r]i[Sos-------] I warpia Kal Ka[------Btiev S]\e ravpov Kal t[--------] |
K.r.\.)—a distinction observed as late as s. ii A.n. (Paus. 1. 26. 5 iae\8ov<tl Si (sc. into
the Erechtheion) elai fiwfiol, HotreiSGivos, i<f ov Kal 'Epex#« Bbovaiv (k tov (so R. Porson
and E. Clavier for 4k tov codd.) /tavreiifiaTos, Kal 17'pwos Bovtov, rp/ros Si 'Hcpa/crrou. AeXr.
Apx- 1889 p. 20f. no. 18 (a fragmentary marble base inscribed in .f. ii (?) A.D. and built
into a buttress on the southern wall of the akropolis at Athens) [. .. .]a ILoo-eiSw [v.......] j
[.~[aviov Haiaviia [.........]|ou 'Arepvlov "A/3pci>|>os.....] | 'EpexBius [............] I
[...........] is indecisive)—, there was, at least from s. v B.C. onwards, a growing
tendency to equate Poseidon with Erechtheus, the earlier occupant of. the Erechtheion
(supra ii. 793), the result being a syncretisticgod called Poseidon 'EpexBevs (Lebas—Foucart
Attique no. 104= Corp. inscr. Att. i no. 387 = Inscr. Gr. ed. min. i no. 580 a small column
of Pentelic marble found near the Erechtheion and inscribed in lettering of s. v B.C.
'E7riT^\es I Oivoxapes \ Soivavro \ Hepyaaedev | XloaeiSovi | 'EpexBet | aveBiTev, Apollod.
3. 15. 1 Tlavdiovos Si diroBavovTOS oi iraiSes to. 7rarpcpa ep.epiaavTOt Kal Tr/v<:pt.iv (ins.
I. Bekker) > (3ao-C\elav 'EpexB eis Xa/j.jSdvei, tt\v Si lepuxrivrjv rrjs 'AB-qvai Kal tov Uoo-eiSuivos
tov 'EpexBiios (so C. G. Heyne, followed by R. Hercher, R. Wagner, Sir J. G. Frazer,
for ipixBovlov codd. C. Miiller, A. Westermann, I. Bekker accept 'EpixBovlov) Boi/t?;s,
[Plout.] de vitis decern oratorum 7 Lykourgos 843 B Mr)8eios, 6s tt]v \epweivr\v HooeiSwvos
'EpexBiois etxe, ii. 843 C Kal Aio/cXf'a, Siera'ifaro Si Kal ttjv Upwcrvvr]v tov TloaeiSCivos
'EpexBius (sc- Medeios ii and Diokles iii in the stemma of the Eteoboutadai as given by
J. Tdpffer Attische Genealogie Bonn 1889 p. 318. [Plout.] loc. cit. 843 E—f states that
the insigne of the priesthood was a trident handed on from one man to another, and that
a group of successive priests was painted by Ismenias of Chalkis iv irlvaKi reXeitp (on a
tablet of full-length figures?) and dedicated in the Erechtheion by Habron son of Lykourgos
the orator. A. Reinach Textes grecs et latins relatifs a Ihistoire de la peinture ancienne
Paris 1921 i. 305 n. 4 shows that this ancestral group contained seven figures and must
have been executed between 320 and 310 B.C.), Hesych. s.v. 'EpexOevs- UoaeiSQv iv
'AB-qvais ( = Favorin. lex. p. 744, 36 f.), schol. Lyk. Al. 158 to Si 'Epex&evs rices p.iv eirl
tov XlotxeiSuvos, &XK01 Si M tov Atos t\Kovoav, Tzetz. zVLyk. Al. 158 icTeiKev 6'EpexBeds
0 Zei>s 7) 6 Iloo-etSwv Trapa to epixBoj t6 kivu Xeydpievos (cp. supra ii. 793)) or less often
'EpexBebs Poseidon (Athenag. supplicatio pro Cftristianis r p. 1, i2f. Schwartz 6 Si