Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 3,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (earthquake, clouds, wind, dew, rain, meteorits): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1940)

56 Nephelokokkygia

make Porphyrion the main antagonist of Zeus: (1) a kylix by the potter Erginos and the
painter Aristophanes, found at Vulci and now at Berlin (Furtwangler Vasensamml. Berlin
ii. 709 ff. no. 2531, E. Gerhard Trinkschdlen und Gefdsse des Kbniglichen Museums zu
Berlin und anderer Sammlungen Berlin 1848 i. 3 ff. pi. 2—3 (coloured), Overbeck Gr.
Kunstmyth. Zeus p. 363^ no. 16 Atlas pi. 5, 3 a, 3 b, 3 c, F. Hauser in Furtwangler—
Reichhold—Hauser Gr. Vasenmalerei iii. 38—41 pi. 127 ( = my pi. vi), Ploppin Red-fig.
Vases i. 50f. no. 1 fig., P. Ducati Storia della ceramica greca Firenze s.a. ii. 394ff.
fig. 287, Pfuhl Malerei u. Zeichnung d. Gr. ii. 589, 600, J. D. Beazley Aitiscke Vasen-
maler des rotfigurigen Stils Tubingen 1925 p. 465 no. 1), on which the combatants are
grouped in symmetric pairs as on the parypht! of Athena's ptplos (F. G. Welcker in
K. O. Mliller Handbuch der Archdologie der Ktmst'i Breslau 1848 p. 639 § 396, F. Hauser
op. cit. iii. 40). (2) An amphora with twisted handles, found in Melos and now in the
Louvre (no. S 1677, F. F. Ravaisson in the Monuments grecs publics par 1'Association
pour Vencouragement des Iztudes grert/ues en France No. 4 1875 p. 1 ff. fig. 1 and pis I, 2
= A. Conze Wien. Vorlegebl. viii pi. 7, Furtwangler—Reichhold Gr. Vasenmalerei ii.
193—200 pis 96 ( = my pi. vii), 97 (attributed to the painter of the Talos-vase {supra i.
721 pi. xli)), P. Ducati in the Jahresh. d. oest. arch. Inst. 1907 x. 256, ii. 1908 xi. 135—
141 figs. 35 a, 35 b, PI. Bulle Der schoene Mensch im Altertum"1 Muenchen—Leipzig 1912
p. 640 f. figs. 198, 199, P. Ducati Storia della ceramica greca Firenze s.a. ii. 420—423
figs. 301, 302 (first quarter of s. iv B.C.), J. D. Beazley Attic red-figured Vases in American
Museums Cambridge Mass. 1918 p. 184 (later than 'the Meidias painter'), Hoppin Red-
fig. Vases ii. 450 no. 3, Pfuhl Malerei u. Zeichnung d. Gr. ii. 588 f., iii. 234 fig. 584).
(3) Fragments of a krater or amphora from Ruvo, now at Naples (Pleydemann Vasen-
samml. Neapel p. 425 ff. no. 2883 (Overbeck Gr. Ktmstmyth. Zeus p. 371 denies that
Heydemann op. cit. p. 365 no. 2664 belonged to the same vase), O. Jahn in the Ann. d.
Inst. 1869 xli. 184 ff., Mon. d. Inst, ix pi. 6, Overbeck op. cit. p. 369 ft", no. 25 Atlas pi. 5,
8 and 8 a, P. Ducati in the [ahresh. d. oest. arch. Inst. 1907 x. 255 figs. 83—85 (photo-
graphs), Furtwangler—Reichhold Gr. Vasenmalerei ii. 195 ff. fig. y2 and figs. 73—75
(photographic), E. Buschor Greek Vase-painting trans. G. C. Richards London 1921
p. 150 pi. 90 figs. 149—151, Hoppin Red-fig. Vases ii. 449 f. no. 2, Pfuhl Malerei u.
Zeichnung d. Gr. ii. 588, 600, iii. 235 fig. 585), which appears to be more careful work
by the same artist (Furtwangler—Reichhold op. cit. ii. 196). Vases (2) and (3) presuppose
a famous original, probably the Gigantomachy painted inside the shield of Athena
Parthenos (eid. ib.). The semicircular band of idkchoi, which on vase (3) denotes the
arch of heaven, may well perpetuate the rim of Athena's shield (Sir C. Smith in the
Ann. Brit. Sch. Ath. 1896—1897 iii. 135 ff., Pfuhl op. cit. ii. 588). (4) A red-figured
kraUr (amphora}) with volute handles from Ruvo, now at Petrograd (Stephani Vasen-
samml. St. Petersburg i. 263 ff. no. 523, G. Minervini in the Bull. Arch. Nap. 1844 »•
105 ft. PIs 5> 6 ( = my pi. viii), 7, i = Reinach Rip. Vases i. 467, 1 f., Overbeck Gr.
Kunstmyth. Zeus p. 3676°. no. 24 Atlas pi. 5, 4, PL Heydemann Zeus im Gigantenkampf
(Winckelmannsfest-Progr. Halle i) Halle a/S. 1876 p. 9, P. Ducati in the Jahresh. d. oest.
arch. Inst. 1908 xi. 141), which again shows the sky as an arch, yellow-painted and
radiate, but represents Zeus in a four-horse chariot (cp. supra ii. 84 fig. 46) with Nike
as charioteer and Porphyrion already blasted beneath him. (5) The great altar of Per-
gamon {supra i. 118 ff. pi. x figs. 87, 88) has as the culminating scene of its eastern side
a magnificent composition, in which Zeus contends with Porphyrion and Athena with
Alkyoneus (H. Winnefeld in Pergamon iii. 2 Atlas pi. 24). Zeus with wide stride
brandishes a thunderbolt in his right hand, while a serpent-fringed aig/s, scaly without
and leathery within, is wrapped about his left. Porphyrion, a stalwart stiff-necked giant,
as yet unvanquished, advances his left fist outlined beneath a lion's skin against the aigi's.
His eye, of some glittering substance, was separately inlaid. His legs are serpentiform—
an innovation which dates from the beginning of s. iv B.C. (first on a gilded aryballos at
Berlin (inv. no. 3375) published by PI. Winnefeld in the Festschrift fiir Otto Benndorf
Wien 1898 pp. 72—74 pi- 1. O. Waser in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. Suppl. iii. 690 f.
no. 132, 735 f.)—and the left serpent winds up till its head rises above the giant's left