Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 3,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (earthquake, clouds, wind, dew, rain, meteorits): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1940)

The Clouds personified in Cult and Myth 77

of both Homer1 and Hesiod2, and was almost certainly based on
actual agrarian usage3, nevertheless could not escape the charge of
derogating from the dignity of the goddess and was therefore
modified by the later Greeks in one of two directions. Either, as
the logographer Hellanikos4, the historian Idomeneus5, and the
geographer who passes under the name of Skymnos6 agree, the hero
had outraged a statue {agalmd) of Demeter; or, as the rhetorical
mythographer Konon7 preferred to put it, the hero had consorted
with a mere phantom (phdsma) of the goddess.

Konon's expedient was in all probabilitysuggested byStesichoros'
solution of a similar problem. Having penned an ode about Helene
on the traditional Homeric lines he, like Homer, had lost his eye-
sight. But, unlike Homer, he recovered it when, realising the nature
of his offence, he wrote his famous palinode:

The tale's untrue!
Thou didst not go on board the well-planked ships,
Nor ever earnest to the towers of Troy8.

1 Od. 5. 125 ff. as S' 6tt6t 'Iaffiwci ivrr\6Kap.os Arip.-qTT)p, \ o) Ovpip ef£a<ra, plyv
<piXoTi]Ti Kal evvrj \ vtitp ivi rpnrbXw " oi55e Syv Tjev &ttvo~tos | Zei/s, os piv Kartirecpve ftaXwv
°-PyVTi Kepawy.

lies, thcog. 969 ff. Ar)pi]t-qp p.iv XIXovtov eyelvaro Sia Bedwv, | 'IaffiW' ij'pwt p-iyeio-
eparri (piKdrrp-i \ veuf tVi TpnroXw, KpT/Tys h tt/oci Srifup, | k.r.X.

3 Frazer Go/den Bough3: Spirits of Corn and Wild i. 208 f. compares 'the West
Prussian custom of the mock birth of a child on the harvest-field [id. p. 150 f.]. In this
Prussian custom the pretended mother represents the Corn-mother (Zytniamatka); the
Pretended child represents the Corn-baby, and the whole ceremony is a charm to ensure
a crop next year.' See also Nilsson Min.-Myc. Rel. p. 346.

4 Hellanik.//-af. 129 (Frag. hist. Gr. i. 63 Miiller) =/rag. 23 (Frag. gr. Hist. i. 112 f-
Jacoby) ap. schol. Ap. Rhod. i. 916 iyivv-qae Si (sc. "B.\eKTpvu>vri) rpeis iroXSas, AapSavov
rbv eis Tpolav KaToiKT]<ravTa, Sv Kal lloXvdpxv <paol \eye<rdai iiirb tQv e'7X«p'l«"'> KO'
HeriuKa, Sv 'laaluva ovop-d^ovai, Kal (paal Kepavvwffrjvai avrbv v^pi^ovra &ya\ua rijs
&Vtn)Tpos. rplrriv Si taxiv 'Appovlav, rjv 777076x0 Kd6>os • Kal dirb tt)s pyrpbs airrjs

A«rp(6as viiXai rijs Bri^s Civopdadai laropd 'EWdviKos ev irpiorw TpoitKuv Kal 'ISopevevs
MtP<""«2" ('»'■ K. H. F. Sintenis)]. Cp. Hellanik./ro^. 58 (Frag. hist. Gr. i. 53
Mutter) = frag. 135 (Frag. gr. Hist. i. 139 Jacoby) ap. schol. Od. 5. 125 ovtos (sc. 6
.jOo-ioj") Kp'Jt to ylvos, Karptos (so G. Kramer for Kpar(p)iot) Kal *poe/as vlis. us Se
, a"'k'os, HXtKrpas Kal Aibs vlbs. Trap' £ p.6vu ptra rbv KaraKXvapbv evpidT) dTrtppara.
ov Kal AtJmtjtpos 6 IIXoDtos Kara 'Ho-fooox (supra n. 2).

Idom. frag. 18 (Frag. hist. Gr. ii. 494 Miiller) ap. schol. Ap. Rhod. I. 916 (cited
frtth *^ F' Jacob>' in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. ix. 910 says: 'Danach gehort er
' (,estens ins 4. Jhdt., wahrscheinlicher erst in hellenistische Zeit.'

Skymn. Chi.^r. 681 ff. (Geogr. Gr. min. i. 223 Miiller) irpbrepov yap dvai <pa<nv iv
ravrr, («, T- Zofutfpfaji Tlrit 1 Tg6s Tp-aSj 'HX^rpas TtKoiaTis AapSavov \ rijs Xfyopiv^
4 T a"TOS'Wa-xd re, I iS» tw piv'laaiuva Svo-ffi^pd ti \ rrpa£ai vtpl Ar/p-yrpos >Jyova
y* Pa ml I TrX^g KfpawuOivra Saipoviw davtiv, \ rbv AapSavov Si k.t.\. F. Gisinger in
u y—Wissowa Real-Enc. iii a. 674 f. dates this pseudepigraphic poem c. 100 b.c.

Konon narr. 21, writing between 36 b.c. and 17A.d. (E. Martini in Pauly—
>ssowa Real-Enc. xi. 1335), says. AdpSava* Kal 'Utm ro»« ipmp A'°s # 'HX^rpos