Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 3,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (earthquake, clouds, wind, dew, rain, meteorits): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1940)

126 The Tritopatores or Tritopatreis

tantium celebrant, Lact. Plac. in Stat. Theb. 2.722 Tritone: fluvius vel palus in Libya, in qua
Minerva dicitur nata, sicut Lucanus (Lucan. g. 354) affirmat. unde Graeci earn Minervam
Tritogeniam vocant, Myth. Vat. 1. 124 haec et Tritonia dicitur quia circa Tritonium
lacum dicitur apparuisse in virginali aetate, 3. 10. 1 nam quod a Libyca palude hoc
nomen (sc. Tritonia) memerit, quia illic a caelo descensum et ad caelum ascensum cele-
braverit, poeticum esse constat, nam legitur (Lucan. 9. 354): 'et se dilecta Tritonia (leg.
Tritonida) dixit ab unda.'

Sometimes a rival version is noted: schol. Paris. Ap. Rhod. 1. 109 TpiTwWs Se 7)
'Afojra, on iv rip Tpiruvi eyevvriBrn TifJ AijSvKip. elo-'i Si Kal aAAot Siio Tplrwves, els (liv
Boliotikos, 'erepos Se Qeo-<ra\iK6s. Cp. schol. Paris. Ap. Rhod. 4. 1311 (= Favorin. lex.
P- 1776, 5 ff.) TpLTwv Si irb\is (R. F. P. Brunch con: TTOTa.fj.bs) Ai/3i)ijs. 'iaTi Se Kal
BoiUTias. Trapa darepip Se tovtwv SoKeT yeyeurjadai r) 'AB-qvd.' Sib Kal Tpnoyiveia Xiyerai,
interp. Serv. in Verg. Aen. 2. 171 a Tritone amne Boeotiae, aut a Tritonide palude
Africae, iuxta quam nata dicitur.

4 Diod. 5. 72 nvdoXoyovai Se Kal (sc. as well as Zeus: see Diod. 5. 70 cited supra ii.
190 n. 2) ttjc 'A8i)vav Kara tt\v Kprjrrjv eK Aios ii> rals irqyah tov Tplruvos Trorapiov
yevv7}8rjvaL' Sid Kal ^piroyiveiav ovofiacdrivai. e'en Si Kal vvv in irepl ras irr\yas Tavras
lepbv ayiov Tr)s 8eov raiiTrjs, if y TOTrip tt)P yeveniv avTi)s virdp^ai p.v6o\oyod<ri (for Diodoros'
Cretan sources see E. Schwartz in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. v. 678).

Diod. 3. 70 (Amnion hid Dionysos, his son by Amaltheia, in a (Cretan?) cave) irpbs Si
ras airb rrjs pirqrpvids 'Peas eirifiovKas <pv\aKa tov iraiSbs KaTaarijaai tt\v ' A8t)vo.v, fxiKpbv Trpb
roir(jiv t&v XP0V<J)V yT}yevr\ tpavetuav eirl tov Tpirwi'os irorafLov, Si Sv TpiTcwiSa irpoo'7}yopev-
oBai (the source here is the 'Phrygian poem' of Thymoites (Diod. 3. 67), on which see
J. Carcopino La Basiliquepythagoricienne de la Porte Majeure Paris 1927 p. 301 ff.).

These Cretan legends are of little or no authority. They were possibly prompted by
the fact that coins of Itanos from c. 460 to the beginning of s. iv B.C. have for obverse
type a sea-god, probably one with the 'Dagon' of Arados (Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins
Phoenicia pp. xx f., 1 ff. pi. 1, 1—10, E. Babelon Les Perses Achiminides Paris 1893
p. 123 ff. pi. 22, 1—9, id. Monn.gr. rom. ii. 2. 511 ff. pi. 116, 4—18), since the eponym
Itanos is described as a Phoenician (Steph. Byz. s.v. 'Iravbs: tt6\ls iv KprjT-n, curb
TtocoC QoIvikos, t) twv Kovp-nrwn ifbs fuydSos), but in aspect indistinguishable from Triton
(J. N. Svoronos Numismatique de la Crete ancienne Macon 1890 i. 201 ff. pis. 18, 21—37,
19, 1—9, Babelon Monn. gr. rom. ii. 3. 895 ff. pi. 244, 1—16, Head Hist, num.'2 p. 469 f.
fig. 251, Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Crete etc. p. 51 pis. 12, 6—8, 13, 1—4, Hunter Cat.
Coins ii. 189, McClean Cat. Coins ii. 499 pi. 241, 3 f., Weber Cat. Coins ii. 532 nos.
4499—4503 pi. 163, Bement Sale Catalogue 1924 ii. 19 no. 1306 f. pi. 45), while from
c. 376 to the middle of s. iv B.C. the sea-god is replaced by the head of Athena, surviving
only as an adjunct on the reverse side (J. N. Svoronos op. cit. i. 204 ff. pi. 19, 10—27,
Babelon Monn. gr. rom. ii. 3. 901 ff. pis. 244, 17—20, 245, 1—11, Head op. cit.'1
p. 470, Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Crete etc. p. 52 pi. 13, 5—8, Hunter Cat. Coins ii. 189 f.
pi. 42, 8 f., McClean Cat. Coins ii. 499 f. pi. 241, 5—10, Weber Cat. Coins ii. 533 f-
nos. 4504 f. pi. 163, 4506—4512 pi. 164, Michailovitcli Sale Catalogue 1922 p. 42 no. 629
pi. 24, Bertier de la Garde Sale Catalogue 1923 p. 92 nos. 2276—2280 pi. 64). I show a
representative series, of which fig. 41= J. N. Svoronos op. cit. pi. 18,-23 Paris, fig. 42
= Babelon Monn. gr. rom. pi. 244, 4 Jameson collection, fig. 43 = a specimen, from un-
published dies, in my own collection, fig. 44= Plwtiades Sale Catalogue 1890 i. 104
no. 1293 pi. 7, fig. 45= J- N. Svoronos op. cit. pi. 19, 6 de Luynes collection,
fig. 46 = J. N. Svoronos op. cit. pi. 19, 9 Paris, fig. 47 = Babelon Monn. gr. rom.
pi. 245, 4 de Luynes collection.

A somewhat similar deity on an unpublished bronze coin of Karystos in my collection
(fig. 48) is presumably Glaukos, from whom the athlete Glaukos of Karystos traced his
descent (Paus. 6. 10. 1). Obv. head of Zeus; rev. KA Sea-god to right, grasping fish
(holed).

5 Paus. 8. 26. 6 'A\«pripevo-i Si t6 fiiv ovo/xa Ty w6\ei yiyovev euro 'A\itf>r)pov AvKaovos
iraiSbs, lepa Si 'A<rKKi)Trwv t{ effn Kal ' kdyvas, r}i> dewv aifiotiTai piaXiaTa, yeviadai Kai