Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 3,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (earthquake, clouds, wind, dew, rain, meteorits): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1940)

140 Zeus Ourws, ikmenos, Eudnemos^ Boreios

wangler1, who gave the name of Tritopatores to the three-bodied
snake-tailed giant of the earliest Hekatompedon at Athens. That
view, though it has commended itself to M. Budimir2, B. Schweitzer3,
and others, seems to me far less probable than the older identifica-
tion of the giant with the 'three-bodied Typhon' of Euripides4.

(d) Zeus Ourios, ikmenos, Euanemos, Boreios.

The primitive fancy that winds are the souls of ancestors dead
and buried was followed, and largely superseded, by the more
intelligent notion that winds are atmospheric forces controlled by
a sky-god.

This transition from a lower to a higher view was, it would seem,
facilitated by long-standing local beliefs. The Aeolians held that
the winds were kept by an eponymous forefather Aiolos5, who dwelt
in Aiolie a floating island6 perhaps originally located in the Black
Sea7, like Leuke or Borysthenis the final abode of Achilles8. Further,

1 A. Furtwangler in the Sitzungsber. d. kais. bayr. Akad. d. Wiss. Phil.-hist. Classe
i9°5 P- 433 f-

2 M. Budimir ' Atena Tritogenija i' aticki Tritopatreiji' in the Glasnik zem. Museja 1920
xxxii. 295—328 (reported by L. Radermacher in the Bcrl. philol. Woch. Marz 4, 1922
pp. 198—203).

8 B. Schweitzer Herakles Tubingen 1922 p. 72 ff. (summarised by E. Fehrle in Roscher
Lex. Myth. v. 1209 f.), supra p. 122 n. 5.

4 Eur. H.f. 1271 f. Tpi<xw/mTOvs | Tv<p£>va.s, where P. Elmsley would not have con-
jectured Trjpvbvas, had he lived to see the triple monster of the Hekatompedon (supra u-
805 n. 6) or that of the black-figured kylix at Florence (T. Wiegand Efie archaische
Poros-Architektur der Akropolis zu A then Cassel and Leipzig 1904 p. 76 f. fig. 84 a and b).

6 Supra p. 106 ff. 6 Infra Append. P (1).

7 This is nowhere stated. But the early connexion of Aeolians with Asia Minor
(V. G. Childe The Aryans: A Study of Indo-European Origins London 1926 p. 47 *•>
stipra p. iit n. 4) and that of Achilles with Leuke (first in the Aithiopis of Arktinos ap.
Prokl. chrestomath. gramm. 1 in Epic. Gr. frag. i. 34 Kinkel—a source referred by
W. Christ Geschichte der griechischen Litteratur® Mlinchen 1912 i. 63 and 97 to s. viii B.C.)
combine to give the surmise some measure of probability. Later, of course, Aiolie was
located in the west, being identified with one of the Liparenses Insulae. But K. TUrapel
in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. i. 1032 ff. makes it clear that this transference from Aegean
to Sicilian waters was the work of Chalcidian colonists.

W. W. Merry in his note on Od. 10. 3 writes : ' May not the whole story of the floating
island with its precipitous sides be a poetical reproduction of the story of some Phoenician
sailors, who had voyaged far enough to the north to fall in with an iceberg? The sheer
face of ice and the glittering summit seem to be perfectly described by the words x&Kkcov
t<u%os and Xicrcri) dvaSiSpo/j.e TTirpt].' When it comes to the interpretation of an ancient
myth, rationalism is usually wrong (supra i. 418). Nevertheless Merry's suggestion should
not be scouted; for a perusal of Append. P will suffice to show that the floating islands
of the Greeks and Romans have almost invariably some foundation in fact. Moreover,
icebergs in the Black Sea are not beyond the pale of possibility. W. B. Carpenter in The
Encyclopedia Britannica'3 Edinburgh 1875 iii. 797 says: ' It is reported...that in 401 A.l>-
the surface of the Euxine was almost entirely frozen over, and that when the ice broke up
enormous masses were seen floating in the Sea of Marmora for thirty days [Chrou. Pasch.
307 B (i. 568 Dindorf)]. In 762 A.D., again, the sea is said to have been frozen from the