Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 3,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (earthquake, clouds, wind, dew, rain, meteorits): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1940)

164 Zeus Ourios, ikmenos, Eudnemos^ Boreios

Nymphs1 or other supernatural agencies2. Indeed, the word A nemos,
'Wind,' is nowadays a frequent synonym of the Devil3. But the
most remarkable parallel to the ancient Greek equation of Zeus
with the whirlwind has yet to be stated. The vocabularius sancti
Galli, a vellum manuscript of the seventh or eighth century in the
Library of Saint-Gall4, glosses the Latin turpines, that is turbines-,
'whirlwinds,' by the Old High German ziu. If this word has been
rightly transcribed5, it must—as J. Grimm long since pointed

schon oben von mir erwahnten Glauben findet, nach welchem die Oberste der Neraiden
die Schwester Alexanders des Grossen ist: X.cupd/ievais, Ka\oKap5ais, | p4\i. nai yaKa | it'tov
(SacriX^a tt]V raj3\a! j 2i"i) fvx^l tov fSaaikias rod ' A\(£av8pov, | ko.k6 p.7} fiov Ka/xere/'),
N. G. Polites Ilapado&eis Athens 1904 i. 406 no. 691 'ia.vep.oaL<povvo tSiv TSepaiSwv.

1 J. C. Lawson Modern Greek Folklore and Ancient Greek Religion Cambridge 191°
p. 150 ('The habit of travelling on a whirlwind, or more correctly perhaps of stirring up
a whirlwind by rapid passage, has gained for the nymphs in some districts secondary
names—in Macedonia dvep,LKats, in Gortynia avepoyafrvSes'1 {iI\apvaa<rbs, IV. p. 765. The
origin of the second part of the compound is unknown.)—which might almost seem to
constitute a new class of wind-nymphs. But so far as I know the faculty of raising whirl-
winds, though most frequently exercised by Oreads, is common to all nymphs').

2 G. F. Abbott Macedonian Folklore Cambridge 1903 p. 250 f. cited supra p. 106.

3 F. L. W. Schwartz Der Ursprung der Mythologie Berlin i860 p. 30 n. 1 ('Auch den
Neugriechen ist avepos der Teufel, z. B. entsprechen die Redensarten aye eis &.vep.ov,
irrjyaive eis dvepov ganz unserem "Geh' zum Teufel'"), B. Schmidt Das Volksleben der
Neugriechen Leipzig 1871 i. 175 (' Sicherist dieses Wort in einer Anzahl von Redensarten,
wie cd ■was mhv dvepo, &ye arbv S,vep.o (Arachoba.. Kallipolis), ganz gleichbedeutend nut

4 G. Scherrer Verzeichniss der Handschriften der Stiftsbibliolhek von St. Gallen Halle

i875 P- 331 cod- 0I3-

5 On this point there has been divergence of opinion. J. C. H. Biichler SG. 913-
Vocabularius St. Galliauch Worterbuch des heil. Gallus ausdem 8._/akrhundert¥>n\on
transcribes p. 36 turpines zui and comments p. 81 turbines, turpines, zui? R. Henning Ube>
die sanctgallischen Sprachdenkmdler Strassburg 1874 transcribes p. 18, 23a turpines zui and
conjectures p. 57 zuifrbila] 'weil eine friihere Handschrift hier am Rande beschadigt wai-

E. Steinmeyer—E. Sievers Die altliochdeutschen Glossen Berlin 1895 transcribe iii. 4> 41
Turpines zui, adding the note ' Henning ergdnzte zu zuirbila; mir wenig wahrscheinlwh-

E contra]. Grimm Teutonic Mythology trans. J. S. Stallybrass London 18S2 i- 2°3'
'A remarkable gloss in the old Cod. sangall. 913, p. 193, has " turbines = ziu" (we have
no business to write zui), which may mean the storm of war, the Mars trux, saevus, or
possibly the literal whirlwind, on which mythical names are sometimes bestowed; so it1S
either Zio himself, or a synonymous female personification Ziu, bearing the same relat'0'1
to Zio as diu (ancilla) to dio (servus).' Id. ib. i. 285 n. 1, apropos of the story that the head
of John the Baptist, when Herodias would have covered it with tears and kisses, We«r
hard at her and whirled her off into empty space {Reinardus Vulpes (c. 1150 A.r>-> ec]'

F. J. Mone Stuttgart—Tubingen 1832) 1. 1153 f. oscula captantem caput aufugit atque
resufflat, | ilia per impluvium turbine flantis abit): 'This reference to the turbo (tW
whirlwind of his blast), looks mythical and of high antiquity. Not only did Ziu or ^l10'
once a deity, become with the christians a name for the whirlwind, p. 203 ...but to this
day such a wind is accounted for in Lower Saxony (about Celle) by the dancing Herodi"s
whirling about in the air.' Id. ib. 1883 ii. 632: 'The OHG. ziu, turbines, we have trace
to Zio, pp. 203. 285.' >

Dr B. F. C. Atkinson kindly consulted on my behalf Dr A. Fah, the librarian
Saint-Gall, who reports (Nov. 1, 1928): 'In Cod. Ms. 913 p. 193 lautet die Glosse gan
deutlich zui nicht ziu.'