Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 3,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (earthquake, clouds, wind, dew, rain, meteorits): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1940)

The Arrhephdroi

in Pausanias should be found close to the place where we would naturally expect the
Arrephoroi to have descended. We can only conclude that there were two sanctuaries of
Aphrodite h Kr/wois, a more ancient one, which we have just discovered on the Acropolis
slope, and a later one, with a temple containing the famous statue of Alkamenes, near the
Ilissus.' Broneer ib. p. 53 f. adds: 'The objection will naturally be raised that the text of
Pausanias does not admit of such an interpretation.' He replies that most probably
' Pausanias himself confused the two sanctuaries.' Fix liquet.

Aphrodite h K?)7rois is seldom mentioned by the classical authors. But an inscription
of c. 420—417 B.C. informs us that during the years 426/j—423/2 the expenses of the
Peloponnesian War were in part met by money borrowed from her temple-treasury at a
nominal rate of interest—jfoth of a drachme per mnd per day {Corp. inscr. All. i no.
273 /, 12 f. = Michel Recneil cT Inscr. gr. no. 561, 78 - Roberts—Gardner Gk. Epigr. ii.

299 ff. no. 109, 78 ['A<ppo8l}Ti)5 iv KtjVois TTFHPAAPI- tokos tovtov Ph|[[hH~
I I I I I CI, cp. W. Larfeld Handbuch der griechischen Epigraphik Leipzig 1898 ii. 1. 44).
Near her temple stood a square herm of Aphrodite, which bore an inscription stating that
Aphrodite Ovpavia was the eldest of the Moirai (Paus. 1. 19. 2, cp. Loukian. dial,
mer. 7. 1 tj} Ovpai'iq. de rrj iv Ktjttois ddp.a\iv): some notion of this herm may be had
from the Dareios-/v«/tV (supra ii. 854 pi. xxxviii).

Of Alkamenes' masterpiece we know practically nothing (Plin. nat. hist. 36. 16, Paus.
1. 19. 2, Loukian. imagg. 4, 6). Sundry critics have somewhat carelessly assumed that it
was none other than the herm just mentioned (J. Sillig Catalogus Artijicum Dresdae et
Lipsiae 1827 p. 31, H. Brunn Geschichte dergriechischen Kiinstlcr Stuttgart 1857 1-235,
H. Hitzig—H. Bliimner on Paus. 1. 19. 2). The ablest defence of this view is that put
up by A. Trendelenburg in the Jahrb. d. kais. deutsch. arch. Inst. 1908 xxiii Arch. Anz.
PP- 5T4—52° (Am. Journ. Arch. 1909 xiii. 494, A. de Ridder in the Rev. Et. Gr. 1910
xxiii. 192, A. J. Reinach ii. p. 321), who cp. the herm from Pergamon inscribed in
lettering of s. ii A.D. ti5T}<reis 'A\Kap.€veos ] -rreptKaWes &ya\[ia | E/tytaf tov -rrpb ttv\wi>' \
eiVaro Hepyap.ios. | yvwdi aavrbv (bibliography in Mendel Cat. Sculpt. Constantinople ii.
234ff. no. 527 fig. and in C. Picard La sculpture antique Paris 1926 ii. 57). But a half-
length herm of Aphrodite (Loukian. imagg. 6 implies arms and hands) dating from the
fifth century would be hard to parallel (?cp. Clarac Mus. de Sculpt, pi. 634 B fig. 13860 -
Reinach Rip. Stat. i. 347 no. 4 a herm in the Villa Albani on which see J. J. Bernoulli
Aphrodite Leipzig 1873 p. 7). Others have sought to recover the aspect of the lost statue
from the Aphrodite of Melos (Sir C. Walston (Waldstein) Alcamenes and the establishment
°f the classical type in Greek art Cambridge 1926 p. 211 11 am inclined to think it not im-
probable that the sculptor of the Aphrodite of Melos was inspired by the Aphrodite in the
Gardens of Alcamenes'), or with more probability from the type of Aphrodite leaning,
sometimes on an archaistic effigy of herself (A. Milchhofer in the Jahrb. d. kais. deutsch.
°-rch. Inst. 1892 vii. 208 n. 9, E. Reisch in the Jahresh. d. oest. arch. Inst. 1898 i. 77 f.:
e-g. Ant. Skulpt. Berlin p. 226 f. no. 586 fig-), sometimes on a pillar with a tree in the
background (H. Schrader Phidias Frankfurt am Main 1924 pp. 205—210 with fig. 189 -
Svoronos Ath. Nationalmus. no. 1601 pi. 165, S. Wide in the 'E0. 'Apx- 1910 p. 52 no. 13,
an inscribed votive relief from Daphni on the road between Athens and Eleusis), or
again—and this is the most frequent contention—from the type best represented by the
Aphrodite of Frejus(?) (Mrs L. M. Mitchell A History of Ancient Sculpture London 1883
P- 320, S. Reinach Manuel de philologie classiquc Paris 1884 ii. 94, id. in the Gazette des
Beaux-Arts 1896 ii. 326—$i&~id. Monuments nouveaux de tart antique Paris 1924 i.
258 260 ('Je pense que ce motif a ete cree par Alcamene, rajeuni par Praxitele et repris
de nouveau par Arcesilas'), A. Furtwangler in Roscher Lex. Myth. i. 412 f., id. in the
fahrb. d. kais. deutsch. arch. Inst. 1888 hi. 212, id. Masterpieces of Gk. Sculpt, pp. igf.,
' 275 n. 10, E. von Mach A Handbook of Greek and Roman Sculpture Boston 1905
p- l2i f. pi. 108, H. Bulle Der schbne Mensch im Altertum* MUnchen und Leipzig 1912
1JP- 263 ff., 682 f. p). 124 other examples of the type are collected and discussed by
J- J- Bernoulli Aphrodite Leipzig 1873 pp. 86—98 ('Der Typus der ungegurteten, ihren