Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 3,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (earthquake, clouds, wind, dew, rain, meteorits): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1940)

202

Hephaistos and Athena

fig., Harrison Myth. Mon. Anc. Ath. pp. 450—452 fig. 50. PI. xxvii is from a fresh
photograph.

Furtwangler—Reichhold Gr. Vasenmalerei i. 283, followed by Hoppin Red-fig. Vases
ii. 342 no. 22, attributes this kjilix to the 'Meister der Penthesileia-SchaW; Pfuhl
Malerei n. Zeicknung d. Gr. ii. 530 f., to E. Buschor's ' Pferdemeister.' But J. D. Beazley
Attic red-figured Vases in American Museums Cambridge Mass. 1918 p. 129 denies the
attribution, and in his Attische^Vascnmaler des rotfigurigen Stils Tubingen 1925 p. 261
no. 6 describes the vase as in the 'Art des Pistoxenosmalers.'

Found at Nola in 1828 or 1829, this great kylix (height 5 inches: diameter 12J inches)
passed through the Hope and the Bale collections before being purchased in 1881 for the
British Museum. The exterior is red-figured and shows scenes in the palalstra (?). The
interior has black outlines on a white ground, with inner markings in brown. Anesidora's
chiton and Hephaistos' himdtion are brown with details in purple and white. Athena has
a chiton with a purple girdle, and a dark brown aigis with purple border and Gorgoneion
in white. The head-dresses and the top of the hammer are moulded and gilt on a raised
ground. Substantial parts of the design are missing. The heads of Anesidora and Athena
together with the right arm of the latter have been added in pencil, while part of the
former's chiton has been restored in water-colour. The names are A©ENAA,
[A]N^IAOPA, HE©A[l]?TO$ (P. Kretschmer Die Griechtschen Vasenin-
schrifteu Giitersloh 1894 p. 203 f. no. 187, correcting the Corp. inscr. Gr. iv no. 7416)-

The moment represented is that described by Hes. theog. 573 ff. t;Q<re St Kai Kixsp-Wt
6ea -yXavKunrts 'AB-qv-q | apyviptri eoSrjri-... | an<j>l Si ol crrdpav-qv xpvairpi KetpaXfj^f
edrjKe, | rrpi avrbs woi-qae irepiKhvTos ' Ap.tpiywqeis | daK'qcras ira\afiri<n, xapi^^ecos Aii warpl-
And the composition as a whole is comparable with that of the Triptolemos-relief from
Eleusis (Svoronos Ath. Nationalmus. p. 106 ff. pis. 24 and 25 with bibliography, Brunn-—
Bruckmann Denim, der gr. und rbm. Sculpt, pi. 7, Collignon Hist, de la Sculpt, gr.
140 ff. fig. 68, Reinach Rep. Reliefs ii. 339 no. 3).

' Av-qaiSiipa, like UavSdpa, was an epithet of the earth-mother (Hesych. ' Avqo-iS&pa'
i] 7?}, 5ta to rods Kapirovs aviivai, id. UavSupa- -q yij, 0V1 ra irpbs rb $r\v ivavra SwpeiTca.
&<£>' ov koI i'eiSapos Kai avqo-t8iipa = schol. Aristoph. av. 971 ViavS&pa- rrj yrj, eireiST] iravra
ra 7rp6s to £9jv SiopeLTai. a(p' 06 Kai fetSupos Kai avrqaiS&pa, et. mag. p. 108, 31 'AvqffiSwpa
i] yij, Eustath. in 11. p. 1057, 47 f. 'irepoi Se AaSiiivqv aWtjyopovvTes ivravda tt\v yv" <Pa<xl
<Tipuiff6aL [ins. A.B.C.)> irapaTtp Sui 5u)Gto, u>s bbreipav Kai avqGiSihpav Kai ^elbupov (cP*
the Dodonaean chant VS. Kapwobs avlei k.t.\. cited supra i. 524 n. 8, ii. 350 n. ')■ ^n
Alkiphr. epist. 1. 3 XPW0V V JV Ka^ V /3wXos clkIvSvvov. oi fiar-qv yodv aveiaiSwpav ravTV"
ovopafowiv 'AO-qvaioc avteio-af Supa, SI uv effTL frrjii Kai (rufetrSai R. Hercher omits the
second sentence (as a gloss?)). From Ge it passed to her 'offshoot' (supra i.

396 f.)

Demeter, who was likewise empowered 7^5 Kapirbv av-qaeiv (h. Dem. 332). Thus in the
Attic deme Phlya the cult of Ge called ~Hleyah-q 9e6s was supplemented by that 0
Demeter ' Av-qaiS&pa and by that of Kore VlpwToybvq (Paus. r. 31. 4 cited supra ii- 25'
n. 2 plus ii. 1066). Demeter ' Av-qcriSuipa was perhaps worshipped in Melite. another deme
of the tribe Kekropis (Plout. symp. 9. 14. 4 Kai yap vpuv (sc. roh MeXtTeOffi") lgTl
A-qp.i)tt)p ' AvqeiSwpa), and her appellative figures in the lists drawn up by the grammarian
(Scholl—Studemund anecd. i. ijo'T&TrldeTa Arjp.-qTpas...^ dv-qatSdipas, ill &l ttis Ati^71tP0S
KX^ffeiS' ...avijaiSiiipa, cp. 282 KXijtreis Arnx-qTpos...6vqo-iSilipa (sic)).

Starting from this fact archaeologists, in primis C. Robert (Archaeologische Maerchen
aus alter und neuer Zeit Berlin 1886 p. 194 ff. pis. 4 and 5, ' Pandora' in Hermes
xlix. 17—38 with 2 figs.), J. E. Harrison (Myth. Mon. Anc. Ath. p. 451 f., 'Delphi
in the fourn. Hell. Stud. 1899 xix. 232 ff. figs, n, 12, Proleg. Gk. Rel.* p. 276 ff
67—71), and P. Gardner ('A New Pandora Vase' in the Jottrn. Hell. Stud. 1901 *X1'
1 ff. pi. 1), have gone far towards explaining the origin of the Anesidora-type. The story
shapes itself as follows. The ancients seem to have regarded the earliest agricultur'
operations of the year as a kind of evocalio, by means of which the earth-powers W
wakened from their winter's sleep and summoned to help the farmer in his work. *v