Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 3,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (earthquake, clouds, wind, dew, rain, meteorits): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1940)

Hephaistos and Athena

to be called by the curious1 appellation HephaisUa1. In 343/2 B.C.
Phanodemos son of Diyllos, jealous as ever for the credit of Heph-
aistos3, proposed a decree4 which directed that a certain 'statue be
dedicated to Hephajstos and to Athena HephaisUa'. After this we
hear no more of the temple-deities for a good five hundred years.
But they were still there in Pausanias'5 time:

'Above the Kerameikos and the King's Portico as they term it is a temple of
Hephaistos. Knowing the tale told about Erichthonios, I was not surprised to
find that a statue of Athena stands beside the god; but observing that her statue
has glaucous eyes I recognised the myth as Libyan. For the Libyans say that
she is a daughter of Poseidon and the lake Tritonis and that therefore her eyes
are glaucous like Poseidon's.'

A bronze statue might, as Reisch6 suggests, have had eyes inlaid
with silver; more probably they were of precious stone7 or vitreous

1 E. A. Gardner in theJourn. Hell. Stud. 1899 xix. 8 n. 1: 'It has been suggested to
me by Mr G. F. Hill that Athena Hephaestia is a title very difficult to parallel in Greek
mythology, if the name be derived directly from Hephaestus; such epithets are more
commonly local in origin, and this one suggests Hephaestia in Lemnos, where there was
a prominent cult of the goddess, attested by coins, and where she was associated m
worship with Hephaestus. He further suggests that the famous Athena Lemnia of
Phidias, whose association with Athenian cleruchs is a mere conjecture, was but another
form of this Athena Hephaestia. In both alike the goddess was represented in her more
peaceful aspect, as patroness of art and handicraft. The suggestion of a Lemnian
association is peculiarly appropriate in a work attributed to Alcamenes, who was himself
a Lemnian.'

A parallel to Athena 'H^aiori'a is Herakles "Hpeuos (Hesych. "Hpaiov 'HpaxXtfa). Cp-
perhaps Hera Eiponrla (supra i. 532).

2 Hesych. 'H^ouorta ■ 'AB-qna. Kal 7r<5Xts rfjs A.-fip.vov. E. Reisch loc. cit. p. 89 ff. fig- 3^
(= my fig. 137) recognised the appellative on the fragment of a painted terra-cotta pinM
from Athens, now at Berlin (Furtwangler Vasensamml. Berlin ii. 784 f. no. 27591
O. Benndorf Griechische und sicilische VasenbilderBerlin (1868) p. 18 f. pi. 4, 2, Wif"
Vorlegebl. iii pi. 2. 3), which dates from the latter part of s. v B.C. and is inscribed

AOHNAIA : H*A[l'ZTlA].

3 Supra p. 211 n. 7.

4 Corp. inscr. Att. ii. 1 no. 114, Michel Recueil d* Inscr. gr. no. 100, Jnscr. Gr. ed-
min. i no. 223, Dittenberger Syll. inscr. Gr? no. 227: b, 17 ff. [$a]p6[5i)p.os Ai]^0"

Qufiairadris dww — | - ava — ov i\iadai tt\v ^ovXtjv airlK[a p.d\a----] A L A .. A —I

--ffTov Kadbri ac atVro's 5o(ri}[ &p<.a\r---] avaBewai t6 re dya | [X/xa— rail 'H^aiVran k\oX

rijt'A.d-qva.1 rijt 'H^cucm'cu- einyplafai rb i/'ij0icr/aa r6de Kal roiis /3ov\]evTas TrarpoSev Kal
tou S-qp.\[ov Kal Sn Idvaav] i</> yyi[et]ai Kal crwTt]plai rrji ;8ouX->js Kal tou 8-qp.ov fro"
'\drjvaluv~]. Dittenberger in line 20 restores avatietvai. to re dya\[\p.a twl re 'H0a/irrwt
T-qv @o]v\[r)v} K]al TTji 'A0i)eai rrji 'H0£u<tt(cu.

5 Paus. 1. 14. 6. 6 E. Reisch loc. cit. p. 59. Cp. supra ii. 503 n. o.

7 Pheidias made the pupils of Athena Partlienos in precious stone (Plat. Hipp- mal'
290 c tou ouv iveKa, (pritxei, ov Kal to. iteVa tQv dtpSaXptwv £\e(pdvTiva elpydaaro, dXXa XlOfa>
lis olov t rjv op-oior-qTa rod XWou t<p e\(<pavTi i^evpihv;), and his pupil Alkamenes may We
have followed suit. The bronze statuette of a kdre from Verona (height, without pedesta 1
6 inches) in the British Museum (Brit. Mus. Cat. Bromesp. 17 no. 192 pi. 1, A. S. Murray
Greek Bronzes London 1898 p. 28 pi. 1 Frontispiece, H. B. Walters British Museum-