Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 3,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (earthquake, clouds, wind, dew, rain, meteorits): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1940)

370 Water-carrying in connexion with marriage

age1; nor in art beyond the great Under-world vases of ' Apulian'
style2, which belong to the second half of the fourth century B.C.
And in the myth as related by Apollodoros there is no question of
punishment except for the one Danai'd who did not slay her lover!
Whence—we may ask—came the idea that the Danaides deserved
to be punished ? And what above all is the significance of their
somewhat peculiar punishment?

(j8) Water-carrying in connexion with marriage.

In attempting to answer these questions we must first turn our
attention from mythology to ritual. Athenian custom prescribed
that, when a wedding had been arranged and the wedding-day had
come, the bridegroom must bathe in water from the fountain
Kallirrhoe—Enneakrounos, as it was styled at a later date . 11

1 W. Christ op. cit.e Miinchen 1920 ii. I. 53.

2 Infra p. 423 ff.
3

P. Ducati Storia della ceramica greca Firenze 1922 p. 457, E. M. W. Tilly31^
Hope Vases Cambridge 1923 p. 12 f., cp. M. H. Swindler Ancient Painting New J*
(Yale University Press) 1929 p. 294.

4 Supra pp. 356, 369 n. 7. jjfl

5 The situation of this fountain has been the subject of long and lively debate^
the closing decade of last century it was commonly held (see e.g. W. Smith in ^g
Diet. Geogr. i. 292 'The Fountain of Callirrhoe, or Enneacrunus') that Kallirrhoe w ^
spring, which flows from the foot of a broad ridge of rocks crossing the bed of the

due south of the Olympieion, and that it was re-named Enneakrounos, when fit
nine pipes by the Peisistratidai (Thouk. 2. 15 koX rfl icp^vri rfj vvv p.h twv T"/"''""1'!',,„Dto
(TKeva.cr6.vTWv EvveaKpovvw Ka\ov/j.ivrj, t6 5£ TrdXal <f>avepwv twv Trijywv ov<rwv J [ov irpb
wvopLaa/Aevy eKeivol re tyybs odcry ra irkeicrTov &%ia £xp&vr0> Kat v®v ^TL (*7r0 70^ a.\l0e stil^
re yafitKwv Koi is aXXa twv lepwv vo/ilfeTcu. t£ vSutl xprj&Bai.). The name Kalhrr ^
attaches to this spring. But an excavation by A. N. Skias in 1893 failed to "lsC° xjv.
evidence of Peisistratid construction (E. A. Gardner in the Journ. Hell- Stud. ^Qt
116), and the excavator concluded that the modern Kallirrhoe was neither Kalhrr
Enneakrounos (T. Homolle in the Bull. Corr. Hell. 1893 xvii. 624)- S04,waS
Meantime W. Dorpfeld, as the result of excavations carried out from 1891 to1 ^ ti,at
able to show that in antiquity several natural springs rose at the foot of the I nyx {0C)c,
here at least seven tunnels and six cisterns (still containing water) had been cut in ^ 0f
that one large cistern immediately above the site of an ancient fountain c0uld
polygonal masonry dating from s. v or vi B.C., that a great rock-cut conduit \ ^];1.0polis
be traced from the upper valley of the Ilissos along the southern slope of the
probably ended at this cistern, and that two sets of water-pipes diverging flaq'ueduct
of a yellowish clay with a red glaze inside, exactly resembled those of EuPalinoSjraiiirrhc,e
in Samos and could therefore be dated tos. vi. Hence Dorpfeld concluded t ™^e$e when
was the name originally given to the open springs on the Pnyx hill, trra tQS v/ete
enclosed with masonry and formed into a fountain with nine jets by Pel ^ on^'*11^
re-christened Enneakrounos, and that the old name Kallirrhoe was from • ^ t.i
transferred to the spring on the Ilissos (W. Dorpfeld in the Ath. Mitt/'- 1 9 j^v/V*5"
1892 xvii. 92 f., 439 ff., 1894 xix. 143 ff., 504 ff., id. nV&vveiKpowos Kit V