Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 3,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (earthquake, clouds, wind, dew, rain, meteorits): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1940)

380 Water-carrying in connexion with marriage

stately sequence from the close of the fifth century down to the year
317 B.C., when Demetrios of Phaleron passed a sumptuary law that
no monument should be erected on a grave-mound but a small pillar,
not exceeding three feet in height, or a table-like slab, or a bath-
basin1. Accordingly we see loutrophoroi in the round, sometimes
quite plain and presumably painted (fig. 242)2, sometimes exquisitely
carved with a profusion of motives—vegetable (fig. 243)3, animal
(fig. 244)* human (figs. 244, 250)5, divine (fig. 24s)6—and further

1 Demetrios of Phaleron wepl rrjs 'M)i)vr)<si vofioOealas (Diog. Laert. 5. 80) fr^S' 9
(Frag. gr. Hist. ii. 963 f. Jacoby) ap. Cic. de /egg. 2. 65 sepulcris autem novis finivit
modum : nam super terrae tumulum noluit quid statui, nisi columellam, tribus cubitis ne
altiorem, aut mensam, aut labellum: et huic procurationi certum magistratum praefecerat-
The columellas, of which there is a large collection in the National Museum at Athens
(the tallest specimen, that of Poplios Memmios Syntrophos, measures r63m in heigh'' 0
i"]6m inclusive of its rough end) and very few elsewhere [e.g. that of Thrason in "le
British Museum (E. L. Hicks The Collection of Ancient Greek Inscriptions in the BritlS
Museum i. r44 Oxford 1874 no. 87, Corp. inscr. Gr. i no. 658, Corp. inscr. A
iii. 2 no. 1747 Qpcttruv | Qpaavfi&vros \ Kucvvvets in lettering of 100—50 IS.C. A. Conz
Die attischen Grabreliefs Berlin—Leipzig 1911—1922 iv. 18 no. 1793 gives bibliograp J
and photograph)), are usually of Hymettian marble. They are cylinders that taper slig» '
towards the bottom, and were either stuck in the ground or inserted in a holed st0" j-
socket. Near the top they have a projecting collar, which sometimes shows traces
fillets painted in red. The mensae are solid plinths, oblong in plan, with upper and l°n
mouldings. They originally served as bases for sepulchral vases or stMai (A. BruC .
Der Friedhof am Eridanos Berlin 1909 p. 99 f. fig. 64. three mensae still supp°rtl"
portions of marble vases on their flat tops, A. Conze op. cit. iv. 14 f. no. 1769 a ;" jet
decorated, exceptionally, with a loulrofhdros in relief on the front and traces of a "
into the top). The labella are best represented on a South Italian hydria at Bari ('nVj^ve
1369, A. Conze op. cit. iv. 6 f. with fig. ( = my fig. 241)), as no complete examP'6SbaSin-

come down to us. But numerous short fluted pillars with spreading foot, obviously
stands, are known. See further A. Conze op. cit. iv. 5 ff.

2 From the Elgin collection, now in the British Museum (Brit. Mus. Cat. ^cil^-0
i. 325 no. 683, E. L. Hicks The Collection of Ancient Greek Inscriptions in *
Museum i. 151 Oxford 1874 no. 105, Corp. inscr. Att. ii. 3 no. 3239, A. Conze y
Berlin 1906 iii. 364 no. 1715 pi. 367, 2 ( = my fig. 242)). The circular plate on thepetajls

as usual, missing. The roughened foot was meant for insertion in a stone base. jjeJi
must have been added in colour. And there was presumably a painted design, to
the name <J>AIAIMOS i NAYKPATITHZ inscribed on both sides in neat to

century lettering has reference. White marble. Height 1-035"

Still in situ outside the Dipylon at Athens (C. Curtius in the Arch. Zeit- 1 / g
30 no. 76, Corp. inscr. Att. ii. 3 no. 3754, A. Conze op. cit. Berlin 1893 i- 49^°'ff0iu>?°
56 ( = my fig. 243)). On the left side of the pdros base is inscribed 'ByvTUP I \^er tIie
(sic) : on the vase, over the man, 'RyyTup; over the woman, Xla/J.^^7!-
relief is a strip painted red. White marble. Height 1 -54m. Sc'^f1'
4 Fragment found at Spata in Attike, now at Constantinople (Mendel C • p0,
Constantinople ii. 91 f. no. 335 fig., A Milchhdfer in the Ath. Mitth. 1887 p> 35
4.0, A. Brueckner Ornament und Form der attischen Grabstelen Strassburg _
no. 2, A. Conze op. cit. Berlin 1906 iii. 367 no. 1730 pi. 374 ( = my fig- 244J> x .^y bod"'
Reliefs ii. 177 no. 1). The handle is formed by apistrix with dragon's head, sp ^jofl*
and fish's tail. On a large leaf is a young Satyr dancing to the left with a ^jg'ieft, tMc
loosely round him. He raises his right hand, which is open, and lowers