Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 3,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (earthquake, clouds, wind, dew, rain, meteorits): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1940)

with the mysteries 403

headed1 Kerberos away from Hekate and her torches towards some

o'k-love ?iiotif of the immobilised hero and thinks that it may have originated in dream-
nomena [cp. //. 22. 199 f.] ultimately occasioned by paralysing fear.
Both in literature and in art there was a natural tendency to make the monster more
■ strous still. Heads could always be multiplied, and tails turned into snakes. It must,
ever, be borne in mind that a dog with fifty or a hundred heads could hardly be
he d 1Se<^ un'ess> as Acr. and Porphyr. in Hor. od. 2. 13. 34 long since suggested, the
tran Were '^ose °f snakes. Similarly J. P. Postgate in his preface to M. Breal Semantics
that^ ^ust; ■'j0nc'on '9°° P- xvnnr. (id. in the Class. Rev. 1905 xix. 412) argues

q sucn polycephalism connotes a frill of serpentine heads, like those of Typhoeus
■ Schmidt in Roscher T.ex. Mvth. v. nmf.l or the Hvrlra (Rrilte in Panlv—Wissowa

i-nmidt m Roscher Lex. Myth. v. 1429 f.) or the Hydra (Bolte in Pauly—Wissowa
m{fnc- 45 f-)-

ears es' theog. 767 ff. gives the dread hound of the under-world god a tail and two
]}e ' Plesumably therefore one head. But the same author (according to F. Jacoby ed.
hron2m '93o p. 87, a rhapsode of s. vii—vi') ib. 310ff. describes ravening Kerberos, the
of pZe"V01ced hound of Hades, as fifty-headed. Hor. od. 2. 13. 34 f., perhaps in imitation
sUg d'><*,?. 249 Bergk4 ap. schol. A.B.V. //. 8. 368 (though schol. Hes. theog. 311
frag* S°me c°nfusion with the Typhos of Pind. Pyth. 1. 16 or the Typhon of Pind.
A.rist 9^'BerSk4 ap. Strab. 627), makes him a beast with black ears and a hundred heads,
head a"eS more tnan once Paints Kleon as a Kerberos (eq. 1017, 1030, pax 313) whose
Ii0r Jas 'rmged by a hundred flatterers with flickering tongues (vesp. 1029 ff. =pax 751 ff.).
— a .' - J9- 29 ff. mentions Kerberos' tail and his 'three-tongued mouth,' trilingui \ ore
three 1 US ':>'lrase' which does not mean (as A. F. Naeke supposed) a single mouth with
W. H;°nfues' or a triply forked tongue, in it, but (as J. C. Orelli—J. G. Baiter—
conceit f' urge) three mouths with a tongue in each. Horace was pleased with the
his head a ^ "CpeatS " in oi- 3'

11. 15 ff"., where the hound has a hundred snakes about
^tee-h a tnree-tongued mouth,' ore trilingui—again a precious description of the
'°97ff {pate S. Eitrem in Pauly—Wissowa Keal-Enc. xi. 272). Soph. Track.

^XWktjs ^ornia' in this as in so much besides, calls him"Ai5oi; TpUpavov (rKiiXan'... \ detviji
^" Kal o- Eur' ^'f' 2+^' @*Pr,K' ^"■A-iSow rbv rpiatliixaTov niva | es tp&s ivd^iav,

^""ctjs ^a ^ fs ^s Tf3v TpLKpavov tfyayov, 1277 f. "Al8ov irvkwpbv Kvva rpitcpavov is <pdos \
Was three h""'* ^°"ows suir- Latm writers in general settled down to the belief that he
^°Ph. ioc leaded (Cic. Tusc. 1. 10 triceps apud inferos Cerberus, 2. 22 (in a rendering of
• 3' 4 tr'c'P'tem --Hydra generatum canem, Verg. Aen. 6. 417 latratu...trifauci,
Can>s, Ov / •CUl tres sunt nnSuae tergeminumque caput, Prop. 4. 7. 52 tergeminusque
^edusaej '6 tergeminumque canem, met. 10. 2if. villosa colubris | tenia

' Reiner SUUura monstri' Sen. H.f. 787 ff. saevus...Stygius canis | qui trina vasto capita
^29 trii /aiera) concutiens sono | regnum tuetur, Oed. 594 triceps...Cerberus, Sil. It.
tergeminu;; 'C1S mo»stri, Stat. Theb. 2. 53 f. Letique triformis | ianitor, silv. 3. 3. 27
lnfcrorum cust°s, Hyg. fab. 151 canis Cerberus triceps, Aug. de civ. Dei 18. 13 triceps
e*CeUence (T ni!|'.*u'sent. myth. 1. 6 tria habere capita). Hence he was Tpucdpyvospar
Gently °U ?' P,lil°patr. 1, cp. pseudolog. 29). But the title T/Kxep/Sepos, which
at- t. Q2 8Ures ln late sources (Serv. in Verg. Aen. 1. 133, Fulgent, myth. 1. 6, Myth.

, n the V eas '0°^ h to mean merely a dog of monstrous size.

tomb at %■ ^estor,' a handsome gold signet found by a peasant in the largest

C°"1P. 8t c'/j" l02> 108, 2. 11, 2. i?4, Io. Malal. chron. 3 p. 62 Dindorf, Kedren. hist.
Tnt< Gres_ ^43 Kekker), Souid. s.v. Kdpy, Tzetz. chil. 2. 751, Kosmas of Jerusalem ad
e rat'°nalisu "ldex ^4 (xxxviii. 676, cp. 493, Migne)), is of less certain interpretation:

de ygHmPs rtOvat0s above *e Pylian Plain, Sir A. J. Evans claims to detect'the
+ Parted iWg ^ that we possess of the Minoan Underworld, and of the admission of the
*s7?4 %s- 4- 6 rea'niS °f bliss' (Sir A- J- Evans in the Journ. Bell. Stud. 1925 xlv.
figsresc°(!), ij tl' 45' (=m>' 265 : scale J), pi. 4, 2 intaglio, col. pi. 5 restoration
9+' 95, 96 lC Pa,ace of Minos London 1928 ii. 2. 482 fig. 289, 1930 iii. '45—'57
' l04, col. pi. 20 A, S. Reinach in the Rev. Arch. 1925 ii. i<>2 f. fig. 16,

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