Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 3,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (earthquake, clouds, wind, dew, rain, meteorits): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1940)

4o8

Water-carrying in connexion

Cerberus.' If so, on a ring which Evans would refer to the period 'Late Minoan iff' if'
1550—1500 B.C.) Kerberos has but a single head.

H. B. Walters in the journ. Hell. Stad. 1898 xviii. 296 f. draws up a list of 49 vases
representing the subject of Herakles and Kerberos. Of these—

1 Corinthian skyphos shows Kerberos with 1 head and a frill of snakes.

2 'Caeretan' hydriai show . . . 3 heads and a frill of snakes.
1 Attic black-figured vase shows . . 3 heads.

1 Attic black-figured vase shows . . 2 dogs' heads and 1 snake's head.
31 Attic black-figured vases show . . 2 heads.
5 Attic red-figured vases show . . .2 heads.
1 Attic red-figured vase shows . . .1 head.
6'Apulian'vases show .... 3 heads.
1 relief-vase shows . . . . 3 heads.

I illustrate the main ceramic types: (1) the Corinthian skyphos from Argos (A. Conze
the Arch. Zeit. [859 xvii. 34 ff. pi. 125, 3a (half of which = my fig. 266), 3b, 3 = Rein3*
Rt*p. Vases i. 389, r, 2, 5, A. Furtwangler in Roscher Z<rx. Myth. i. 2205, O. Immisch* •

ii. 1121 with tig. 1. Hades, threatened with a stone by Herakles, springs up from l'1^
throne in alarm and leaves Persephone to face the intruder, whom Hermes has conduc

in safety past the entrance of the underground palace and its ravening watch-dog)- (2' '
'Caeretan' hydria (E. Pottier Vases antiques du Louvre 2me Serie Paris 1901 p. 66 110
E 701, A. Conze in the Ann. d. Inst. 1859 xxxi. 398 ff., Man. d. Inst, vi pi. 36 t*11^
fig. 267) = Reinach Rep. Vases i. 153, 3, F. Diirrbach in Daremberg—Saglio Diet- A '

iii. 98 fig. 3771. Herakles brings Kerberos to Eurystheus, who takes refuge in his/"' '
(3) an Attic black-figured amphora from Aigina, now in the British Museum (H. B- Walte' ^
in the Journ. Hell. Stud. 1898 xviii. 292 ff. fig. 6 ( = my fig. 268). Herakles, escorted 5
Hermes, drags Kerberos from the palace of Persephone. The monster has 2 heads,'
leonine mane, and a snaky tail). (4) the 'Apulian' kratir from Canosa (supra pi- xxX

On coins there is a like variation. An electrum staUr of Kyzikos, struck c. ^^°"t-in
b.c., shows two heads, with a collar round either neck, and a snaky tail (B. V. ^ea.lin
the Num. Chron. New Series 1876 xvi. 284 pi. 8, 24, W. Greenwell 'The eIec'^
coinage of Cyzicus' ib. Third Series 1887 vii. 116 f. no. 141 pi. 6, 3, Brit. Mus. Cat- ^
Mysia p. 31 pi. 8, 1 (=myfig. 269), Babelon Monn. gr. rom. ii. 2. 1443 f- (w'01 ^
described) pi. 176, 8 (cp. ib. 9 a similar hekte at Paris), Head Hist, num.1 ?■ fQ[
unique silver drachme'Q) of some Etruscan town, now in the British Museum, _
reverse design a three-headed hound with a snaky tail (F. Bompois ' Drachme
frappee dans l'Etrurie' in the Rev. Arch. 1879 28—38 with fig., Garrucci Mon. '
p. 49 f. pi. 71, 3o ( = my fig. 270), Sambon Monn. ant. It. i. pi. 1, 21, Head ^^'p^fia
p. 15). Bronze coins of Italy inscribed rvb and possibly issued by the g&is ^
(J. Millingen Considerations sur la numismatique de fancienne Italic Florence 1 cjub,
Imhoof-Blumer Monn. gr. p. 13 no. 50) have obv. bearded head of Hercules vvi ^
rev. three-headed Cerberus (Garrucci Mon. It. ant. p. 59 pi. 77, x and 2 (= my S^apUa
Babelon Cat. Monn. gr. de Luynes i. 6 no. 18 pi. 1). Similarly bronze coins o
have obv. beardless head of Hercules with club, rev. three-headed Cerberus (Garru«:: ^
It. ant. p. 88 pi. 86, 28, Head Hist, num.-p. 35). At Sebastopolis in Pontos, *

.ski"

devoted to Herakles that it was also known as Herakleopolis (W. Ruge in Pauly-
Real-Enc. ii A. 956), Caracalla struck a bronze piece with rev. Herakles, wearing ^
and grasping club, as he drags after him a three-headed Kerberos (Imhoof-B u ^jsi
Miinzen p. 57 no. 68 pi. 5, 4 Berlin, Waddington—Babelon—Reinach ^onn'^t sCene
Min. i. 104 no. 15 pi. 15, 3 (= my fig. 272) Berlin). Other renderings of the sa gIuiner
on bronze coins of Germe (Head Hist, num.- p. 650) and Saittai in Lydia (If J° guppl-
Kleinas. Miinzen i. 182 no. 1 pi. 6, 14). See further Rasche Lex. Num. ii- ;n tlie

i. 1738 f., Stevenson—Smith—Madden Did. Rom. Coins p. 454 f-< ^' "nec
Rivista italiana di numismatica e scienze affini 1916 xxix. 38 ('Cerbero )• Brit'5'1
The variation in gem-types is even greater. A cornelian scarab i'1