Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 3,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (earthquake, clouds, wind, dew, rain, meteorits): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1940)

with the mysteries 421

^v T0^ yXlov Kai rrjs ae\'r)v'qs (iepta). irepi[3o\ais Se e'xP^70 T&v Qyptw Tats dopais, cp. Iul.

a1- 3- 24 ff.), that the Florentine priest Jacopo di Carlo in his poem Alessandro Magna
^ ^'essandreide describes the Sun-tree as having leaves red like burnished gold, the
oon-tree as having them white like pure silver (canto 10 ed. Venezia 1627 'L' arbor del
0 e le sue foglie hauia | Rosse si come lo oro lustrante; | Quello della luna bianche le
nia I Si come argento chiare, candidante'), and that in Chinese—according to the
ologug Stanilas Julien—the pyramidal cypress is called pe, the 'white' tree, because,
1 e other trees turn towards the south, it alone turns towards the west and white is the
lun5'6™ CO'our" Lajard concludes that the Xcvkt) Kvir&picraos was ' a la fois symbole de la
^ et embleme funeraire' (op. cit. p. 312). O. Gruppe in the Berl.philol. Woch. Jan. 27,
'Zv\2 ^' T°' ^' ma'ces no sucn attempt to link up Europe with Asia, but is content to say :
lin a' nic'll; von c'er Farbe ihres Laubes, wohl aber nach dem weissen Stamm.' Another
frQ6 exP'anation is suggested by the fact that the tablets mentioning KVipapuraos hail
m Eleuthernai. Coins of the town show Apollon flanked by storax-trees (supra ii. 491 f.
a yjL?"' Wn'ch bear some resemblance to the pyramidal cypress but, like the XeiKtj, have
g lte under-surface to their leaves (Steier in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. iv A. 65 ' das
0 _ dcs ^[torax]-Baumes...langlich, lederartig und unterseits weissfilzig ist'). Hence
Vet Pe's conjecture that on Greek soil Xe<iKt\ was a surrogate of aripai, (supra ii. 492).
jn(j. notrier possibility would be to suppose that the XevKT) Kvirdpicrcros was in fact the East
lggla? sPecies Cupressus glaaca (J. Lindley—T. Moore The Treasury of Botany"* London
"ive ') i^2' ^U EncycI°Pa;d'a Brilannica11 Cambridge 1910 vii. 694), or the Cupresstis
Qn j. ' ^ Thompson—W. Watson The Gardener's Assistant- London 1900 i. 2. 330).
^Pre^ .U^°'e' nowever, it seems most likely that the tree of the tablets was a miraculous
P°plarS'"S '3ecu''ar*ty consisting in its assimilation to that other Borderland tree, the white-
Celts'"' ^' w°uld thus come into line with such marvels as the silver apple-tree of the

q °r *e tWelve-fruited tree of The Revelation.
Bedeuti 6 Waters 0I" Lethe and Mnemosyne see an interesting section in M. Ninck Die
'he co ^assers Kult und Leben der Alten Leipzig 1921 p. 104 ff. together with

Pr°babl m/ents °^ ^• Kroll in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. xii. 2141—2144. It seems to me
h. AfneS "lat the two fountains of the Petelia tablet were an Orphic conception (Orph.
t&vS' 1 ' V- 0 ^" "iXXd, fia.Ka.ipa Bed, fivcrrais p.vr\p.t)v eiveyeipe | eiiepov reXerijs, XriBrjV 5' airb
(Pind /°a^' ^ermann f°r codd.) dVoire/xTre), traceable back to the time of Pindar
<l>t<nv (rj ^ I2Q' r3o Bergk4 ap. Plout. de occulta viv. 7 khItoi ttjs ye 56fijs Kai tov elvaii
C|)<re)3wi, ' - ^tten^acn cj- 0i'fei eioe^uiv x^'pos. I should prefer (f>a<ri fier^xe"1 or the like)
^'"■Tpif}^^0''' T0'<ri Ao/tjret' k.t.X., Kai Trora/xoi rives &kXvo~toi Kai Xeioi oiappiovoi, Kai
<T("'6i;Tes x-0Wlv ev P-vq/xais Kai X6701S tCiv yeyovoroiv Kai ovtwv, irapave'p.TOVTes avrovs Kai
Tt Ka-'L /3a B> 17 5e rpiTf) r&v dvoaius fiefiiuKoruv Kai wapavdfiojv 686s effTiv els fpeflos
""ktos 7r0Ta ^"vva ras \f/vxas, ' IvBev Toy aireipov ipevyovrai ok6tov \ pXyxpoi Svoipepas
Cotlcepti01 ^0t' ^€^fJ-€P0L Ka'i diroKpvTrTovres dyvoia Kai Xrjdr] rovs KoXa^opAvovs), (b) that this
ailcl Life f\t resur)Poses a folk-belief in two contrasted fountains of Death (Forgetfulness)
^ig. gr H*™^ (cp- Theopomp./ro^-. 76 (Frag. hist. Gr. i. 289 ff. Mtiller) =frag. 75 c
^n°stos in Jf1' f- Jacoby) ap. Ail. var. hist. 3. 18 rivers of "RSovi) and Avwrj near

p^Ofwi, and * land of the Meropes, Theophr. ap. Plin. nat. hist. 31. 19 springs called
!aughter and tXS3v near Kelainai in Phrygia, Mela 3. 102 springs causing death from
j11 Carrinensj ^storation to health in one of the Fortunatae Insulae, Plin. nat. hist. 2. 231
.s'd. orig_ j lsPaniae agro duo fontes iuxta fluunt, alter omnia respuens, alter obsorbens,
e^ecundani sterU^ ^ ^'C'''a ^"te5 sunt duo, quorum unus sterilem foecundat, alter
v aher0 amem' V° ^ac't- in Thessalia duo sunt flumina : ex uno bibentes oves nigras fieri,

j°Cari stagnu|„ a'baS' £t 6X utroclue varias Crom Plin- "at- hist- 3'- r3). 7 in India siden
e PUscidam0 0 ' 10 quo ninil inr>atat sed omnia merguntur. at contra in Africae lacu
fQSe fontem, inmma fluitant. nihil mergitur (from Plin. nat. hist. 31. 21 f.), 10 in Epiro
36ft\em esse'ita'lli° faCeS extineu«ntur accensae et accenduntur extinctae. apud Garamantes
an a list WV ifentem die ut non bibatur, ita ardentem nocte ut non tangatur (supra i.
eXteilsion of'u C°Uld 6asily be Iengthened), and (c) that the said folk-belief was itself
e very ancient (and originally oriental?) belief in the Fountain of Life