Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 3,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (earthquake, clouds, wind, dew, rain, meteorits): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1940)

Zeus Hyetios at Didyma

569

Again, at Halikarnassos the cult of Zeus Askraios, who—as we
have already seen1—was likewise essentially related to the oak,
'nvolved a strictly analogous sacrifice. A herd of goats used to be
driven up to a certain spot in front of the god's sanctuary. Prayer
was offered, and on its conclusion one of the goats under no con-
straint advanced to the altar. The priest thereupon took hold of it
and slew it as being an acceptable sacrifice2.

Not unlike the ritual of Zeus Askraios at Halikarnassos was
that of Zeus at Pedasa. Here the custom was that a great concourse
°f people assembled to witness a strange procession. A goat bound
w'th a cord and followed, not led, by the priest passed through the
midst of the crowd and, turning neither to right nor to left, went
straight along the road to its destination seventy furlongs away3.

It seems, then, that the ' ox-driving ' of Zeus Hyetios at Didyma
nds its explanation, not as an attenuated form of ' Minoan' bull-
*>laPpling sports4, but as a rite analogous to those of Zeus Polieus
nd Zeus Machaneus in Kos, Zeus at Stratonikeia, Zeus Askraios

Halikarnassos, and Zeus near Pedasa. Further, these Carian
^ ts rnay be found to throw light on that mysterious service, the

er»an Bouphonia. For it is known that the Carian Zeus had

e foothold in Attike5; and it is to be observed that the nearest

s S"^ra 872 n. o (5) figs. 807—811.

3 0n" '3 P- ,07> '9^- Westermann.

j „ ll,tot- mir. ausc. 137 (149) p. 50, 11 ff. Westermann.

6 T^S'r.A- J- Evans in the Journ. Hell. Stud. 1925 xlv. 8 n. 18.
^ air?; C k'nsmen °f Isagoras. son of Tisandros, sacrificed to Zeus Kdpios (Hdt. 5. 66 iv
'^°'a76p<r' " a* Athens) $60 ivSpes eSwacrTcvov, K\ei<r04vijs re avrjp 'AX/c/«ti>W5i;s...Kai

^ero(Jo^ai T°" Kapiu). Frau Adler in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. x. 1949 comments:

^er unatt"' V erzalilt, dass die Familie des Isagoras dem Zeus K. opferte, als Bevveis

ist dies 'SCllen Her'<unft derselben (vgl. v. Wilamowitz Kydathen 143, 64). Jedenfalls

n'cht e;n c'er frtihesten Nachrichten von einem eingefuhrlen orientalischen Kulte,

auf an<j ei'bleibsel einer "karischen" Urbevolkerung, deren Vorhandensein iibrigens

hefore th^p*?** Sesichert scheint.' C. T. Seltman Athens its History and Coinage

CuIt on c erslan Invasion Cambridge 1924 p. 88 f. would find a trace of the Isagorean

('*. pi. p Eupatrid coins, which he believes to have been struck by Tisandros

? 26o, p'2^ ' ^ ^7) and by Isagoras during his brief supremacy at Athens [ii. pi. 14*

reverse th f ■ ^^ese coins, didrachms and tetradrachms respectively, show on their

fiS- 480 / aC'ng ,lead of a panther—the sacred beast of Zeus Kdpios (cp. supra ii. 575
n s' S99 n. 2).
th v.

,)efbre ot"er hand it must be borne in mind that Attike was ravaged by Carians
Mullei.ir°PS fou,1dation of the dodecapolis (Philochoros frag, n (Frag. hist. Gr. i.
£h°roneiJs ' p^' Strab. 397). The akropolis of Megara was called Kapla after Kar, son of
f-6"'os (L. c vS' 4°' 6' StePh- B)'z- s-v- Kapia): on it stood a roofless temple of Zeus
,°rmie. nietae ke,laet cj. Kpox/ou, Welcker Gr. Gbtterl. i. 642 n. 75 cj. kwuIov 'kegel-
^gnron jj modo,' K. F. Hermann cj. okotItov or xfloWou—all unconvincing), a
emeter erected by king Kar, etc. (Paus. be, at.).