Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 3,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (earthquake, clouds, wind, dew, rain, meteorits): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1940)

588 Ritual of the Dipolieia

Even when paganism succumbed to Christianity room was still
found for the Boutypos. On the ancient calendar-frieze of the
Panagia Gorgoepekoos1, the metropolitan church at Athens, he
stands facing us to this very day (figs. 410, 411)2. The Bouphonia
is here represented by a priest wearing a short chitdn, endroniid^)
and a wreath, who is about to strike with his double axe a diminutive

1 In the eighth century of our era the Christianised Parthenon had in the conch
of its apse a famous mosaic of the Virgin, which had taken the place of Pheidias' chrys
elephantine Athena and was known by the titles of that goddess—Topyiii and 'Ett^'"05'
The Virgin was in fact Athena herself to all intents and purposes: indeed, on late leaded
seals she is often described as MP OY H A0HNAIA rOPTOETTH KOOC or MP
0Y H AOHNICOTICCA (K. Michel and A. Struck 'Die mittelbyzantini«*e"
Kirchen Athens' in the At/i. Mitth. 1906 xxxi. 318 after Neroutsos ''A07><u XpHrTia"11"1
in the Ae\rtov t77s IcrTopiKfjs Kal £8vo\oyiKTjs eraiplas 1889 iii. 24, 39, 41). The church °^
the Panagia Gorgoepikoos (St Eleutherios), probably erected by Eirene, emp>'ess ^
Constantinople, c. 800 a.d. on the site of a ruined temple of Sarapis (Paus. 1. 18. 4) an
Isis, or of a temple of Eileithyia (ib. 1. 18. 5) transformed into a church of St EleuthC1
(Michel—Struck loc. cit. p. 320), thus directly perpetuates the name and fame of Athelia
Athenidtissa appears c. 1175 a.d. on a lead seal of Michael (Akominatos?), Metropol>'
of Athens, in the Photiades collection (S. Lambros A! 'ASrjvcu wepl to. tAt; tov aiu> .
Athens 1878 p. 36 pi. 1, 2, G. Schlumberger Sigillographie de Fempire byzantine r*
1884 p. 173 f. fig. ( = my fig. 412)).

4"* bc<
See further A. Mommsen Athenae Christianae Lipsiae 1868 p. 115 with nn. ^ ^
p. n8n.*, F. Gregorovius Geschichte der Stadi Athen im Mitte/a/ter Stuttgart 1889
68, 164 with n. 2. Supra p. 189 n. 1. { f0rty

2 The frieze has been well published and discussed several times during the ^ ,^
years: see G. Thiele Antike Himmelsbilder Berlin 1898 pp. 57—64 ('Der T'er nn!l)i
attischen Bilderkalender') with figs. 8 and 9 (from photographs of the cast at g<,Q
J. N. Svoronos 'Der athenische Volkskalender' in the Journ. Intern. d'Arch- ^j0]
ii. 21—78 pis. 2—6 (from drawings by Gillie'ron, whose pi. 5 nos. 35—37~mJ gn flag'
and L. Deubner Attische Feste Berlin 1932 pp. 248—254 ('Der Kalenderfries vo^ ^
Eleutherios') with pis. 34—40 (from fresh photographs of the original: pi- 39
29 = my fig. 411). .j 4u

Other publications include those by C. Boetticher in Philologus i86j1 x , jiuel'e
figs. 30, 31, Friederichs—Wolters Gipsabgiisse p. 755 ff. nos. 1909, I9'°> ' ^ ti5}>
in Daremberg—Saglio Diet. Ant. i. 823^ fig. 1030, E. Pottier ib. ii. "pis. *f>

F. Cumont ii. v. 1054 f., Lebas—Reinach Voyage Arch. p. 58 f- Mon. FjgK gjrft
i—iii, 22, iv—vi, C. Robert in the Gott. gel. Anz. 1899 clxi. 544ff-> Reinach
i. 7 nos. 1—3 and 8 nos. 1—3.