Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 3,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (earthquake, clouds, wind, dew, rain, meteorits): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1940)

638

Zeus as an ox; Zeus Olbios

die campanische Wand?italerci Leipzig 1873 pp. 113, 140 ff. in his conjecture, n°w
commonly accepted, that the fresco of Io in the 'House of Livia' on the Palatine
(G. Perrot in the Rev. Arch. 1870—1871 h 387 ff. pi. 15 ( = my. fig. .434), Overbeck
Gr. Kunstmyth. Zeus p. 483 (no. 20) Atlas pi. 7, 11, A. Mau in the Ann. d. Inst. 188°
Hi. 136 ff., Mon. d. Inst, xi col. pi. 22, A. Reinach Textes Peint. Anc. i. 288 n..5>-
Reinach Rip. Peint. Gr. Rom. p. 16 no. 3, Pfuhl Malerei it. Zeichnung d. Gr- il- 753'
iii. 316, fig. 708, H. Bulle ' Untersuchungen an Griechischen Theatern' in the Ai'h-
bayer. Akad. 1928 Philos.-philol. Classe xxxiii. 309—311, M. H. Swindler An"en
Painting Yale Univ. Press 1929 p. 279 fig. 448 (from photo), L. Curtius Die Wan
malerei Pompejis Leipzig 1929 p. 258 ff. with figs. 62 (wall), 154 (head of Io from P'10
155 (whole picture from photo)) is in its essentials a copy of Nikias' work. Io, with tie
faintest indication of horns on her brow, sits in dejection at the foot of a pillar, on wu.
stands the effigy of a sceptre-bearing Hera. The background is occupied by a big r0 '
On the right Argos, a young man equipped with spear, sword, and spotted Pantnel~Ste(j
(in lieu of extra eyes), leans forward in the favourite Lysippian attitude of the supp01 ,
foot [supra p. 622 n. o (2), infra p. 706) gazing intently at Io. On the left Hermes \
name is given in Greek lettering), with caduceus, wingedpitasos, and chlamj's, appr°a ^
to carry out the behest of Zeus. The theme was popular, for it occurs not only m
picture, which is of Mau's 'Second or Architectural Style' (s. i b.c.), but—with orniss
of Hermes and Hera—in sundry Pompeian paintings (Helbig Wandgem. Camp- p- 3

which

, a.d

(Herrmann Denkm. d. Malerei Text p. 67 f. fig. 16, L. Curtius op. cit. p. 258 ff. h£' ls

cit.

nos. 131—134, Reinach Rep. Peint. Gr. Rom. p. 15 nos. 4 and 6, p. 16 no. 2), of

the best are one from Reg. ix. 7. 14 in the 'Third Style' (e. 25 b.c.—e. 5° A'

" fig. 15?'

and one from the Macellum in the 'Fourth Style' [c. 50—79 a.d.) (Herrmann
pi. 53 Text p. 67 f., L. Curtius op. cit. p. 260 ff. fig. 157). Pictures of the sort
certainly known to Propertius (1. 3. 19 f. sed sic intends haerebam fixus ocellis, |
ut ignotis cornibus Inachidos), if not also to Statins (Theb. 6. 276 f. Io post tergu™'
prona dolorque parentis, | spectat inocciduis stellatum visibus Argum). Italy""
Nikias' masterpiece exerted a powerful influence over the vase-painters of South _ g
who borrowed its main features and used them, inappropriately enough, to expiess ^
happy ending of Io's sad story—the moment when in far-off Egypt Zeus at 1011S ^
would by his touch restore her to her senses and claim her as his bride (Aisch. supp
P. v. 848 ff. Wilamowitz). A red-figured amphora of 'Lucanian' style, found at ^
Basilicata, and later in the Coghill collection (J. Millingen Peintures antiques desv
grecs de la collection de Sir John Coghill Rome 1 817 pi. 46, T. Panofka be. cit. PP- * ,
47 col. pi. 4, 1 ( = my fig. 435), Lenormant—de Witte £.1. mon. ce"r. i. 55 ^'J""'/,„/.
Overbeck Gr. Kunstmyth. Zeus p. 466 f. (no. 1) Atlas pi. 7, 7, Mttller—Wieseler De _ \
d. alt. Kunst ii. 19 f. pi. 3, 37, Miiller—Wieseler—Wernicke Ant. Denkm. i. 73 0f
12, Reinach Rep. Vases ii. 16, 2), shows Io after her wanderings seated on the a ^
Hera, while Eros empties his perfume above her. On the right, Zeus, beardless (? 01 '£ ^
bearded, but repainted: cp. supra p. 622 n. o (2) fig. 419) and half-draped, draws

atches the ».

witl
ured
'oc. ci

47 col. pi. 4, 2 ( = my fig. 436), Lenormant—de Witte El. mon. cer. i- 4/ "• 1 „/,

raneler Vaseusan

holding his eagle-sceptre. On the left, Hermes, with supported foot, wau~— ■ eSl
Behind Hermes, an olive-tree. Behind Zeus, a Satyr (? Pan, repainted) with paii-P^^
The scene is repeated and amplified on another 'Lucanian' vase, a red-figured/yw7' a _ g;>
Anzi, now at Berlin (Gerhard Ant. Bildw. p. 366 ff. pi. 115, T. Panofka be. cit- PP- ^
47 col. pi. 4, 2 ( = my fig. 436), Lenormant—de Witte El. mon. cer. i- 47 "• 1 '0l.
Overbeck Gr. Kunstmyth. Zeus p. 467 ff. (no. 2) Atlas pi. 7, 8, Furtwangler Vase"^ jt^p
Berlin ii. 873 ff. no. 3164), which makes Io sit on the pedestal of the godde-
treated as Artemis with bow and wheel-torch : cp. supra i. 408 f. fig. 304) '^^"^j^ right'
and lotos-fillet. These are the love-gifts of Zeus, who approaches coyly fronv uSli:il,
shouldering a long lotiform sceptre. On the left, Hermes, his foot suppoi ted ;n
rests one hand on a club and holds tablets in the other. Behind Hermes is jjte,
person, now reconciled to her rival. Behind Zeus, dove on finger, stands P
present to bless the lovers. Eros, with hoop and hoop-stick, spreads his P'11!""^ while
them. Trees, plants, a tripod, and a hydria mark the spot as a sacred piec '