Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 3,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (earthquake, clouds, wind, dew, rain, meteorits): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1940)

642

Zeus as an ox; Zeus Olbtos

By a natural play upon names Zeus Olbios was taken as the
patron-deity of such towns as Olba in Kilikia1 and Olbia on the

Text p. 72 f.). (2) A variant of the same subject from the Casa del citarista at PompeI1
(Helbig of. cit. p. 40 no. 137, Herrmann op. cit. pi. 58, 1 Text p. 73 f.). Herrmann tj>-
p. 73 n. 1 says of (1): 'Ob Io selbst an der Stirn die Kuhhorner tragt, wie Helbig im
Katalog angibt, ist bei der mangelhaften Erhaltung des Bildes nicht mehr sicher zu
erkennen. Wahrscheinlicher ist mir, dass sie fehlen, und dass durch die Kuh selbst riebe"
Io die Verwandlung der Jungfrau angedeutet wurde, so dass die Kuhhorner an der Stir'1
ein unnutzer Pleonasmus waren. Auch auf dem Bilde der Casa del citarista [(2)]-"'iaIin
ich keine Kuhhorner bei Io entdecken.'

For the coins of Gaza see supra i. 236 n. 3 figs. 176, 177.

1 For recent investigations on the site see J. T. Bent in the Joum. Hell. Stud. 1891
xii. 220—222 (visit and description), E. L. Hicks ib. 262—270 (inscriptions), R- Hebe>^
dey—A. Wilhelm in the Deiikschr. d. Akad. Wien 1896 vi. Abh. 'Reisen in Kili'i,e"
pp. 83—91 (mainly inscriptions) with figs. 14 (temple of Zeus) and 15 (' Hallenstrasse It
E. Herzfeld in the Jahrb. d. kais. deutsch. arch. Inst. 1909 xxiv Arch. Anz. pp. 434~~~44
with fig. 1 (plan of ruins at Uzundja Burdj), J. Keil—A. Wilhelm in ihe Jahresh-d. °es '
arch. Inst. 1915 xviii Beiblatt pp. 33—41 with figs. 8 (tower), 9 (temple of ^e ''
10 (temple of Tyche), 11 (gateway), 12 (inscription), and especially J. Keil—A. V\»n

c

1 "At ffpor E pataMEis
LE&EYymmrWQ?

o

1

. AEfATTt: Y K POI ZHNQ^tfOYI

mm&m OAf nriz zte fai EPAm o ie n

xIHAEN/^YTT.O 8 AIIAE'
OE

o

Fig. 440.

in Monumenta Asiae Minoris antiqua 1931 iii. 44—79 ('Uzundja Burdj—■'-,'0'c.a'sarean(|
and 80—89 ('Ura—Olba') with figs. 66—116, numerous facsimiles of inscriptlons'
pis. 1 (map), 20 figs. 64 and 65 (tower), 21 f. (plans), 23 f. (temple of Zeus), 2 5
tectural details), 26 f. ('Torbau'), 28 (gateway), 29 (temple of Tyche), 30 34 ^
monuments etc. at Uzundja Burdj), 35 (plan of Ura), 36—39 (other monument^
Ura). I append a brief summary of their conclusions with regard to the temple 0 ore
On a limestone plateau in southern Kilikia, which rises to a height of U°° re js

T. Rent in thp Tm/m. MM Stud. iSnr vi'i too cnva jSnn ft nhnve sea-level)>

(J. T. Bent in the Joum. Hell. Stud. 1891 xii. 222 says 3800 ft. above sea-levei;,^ ^e
an impressive pile of ruins known as Uzundja Burdj, 'Tall Tower.' It gets cjt
from a Hellenistic five-storeyed fortress (built c. 200 B.C. and restored c. 15° 1 j.jaC}rjan
which is represented apparently on a bronze coin of Olba struck in the time 0 tj,e
(Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Lycaonia etc. p. 124 no. 21 pi. 22, 8) and still ^omI" t,eeii
scene. It was there to protect the oblong temenos of Zeus "OX^tos, whose temple a ^ ^
identified from an inscription on the back wall of its western stod recording iePal ^ ...^ j0
stod-iooi c. 60—50 B.C. (fig. 44o = part of Herzfeld's sketch in Mon. As. scr. gr-

fig. 71, cp. Heberdey—Wilhelm loc. cit. p. 85 no. i66 = Michel Recueil -.^as

■ ____ ,________1. ../r. n_. m -_____ rw_____, •______ r_.n I m /______ 4.1 >\r,-i/lw Tas >■ '

eKabwcrev | [ras] irpbTtpo[v y~\ty[e~\vyij.iva.s

no 1231 apxiepebs iit[y]as TeD/cpos Zrjvotpdvovs [roO] | levKpov Aii 'OX[^']V TaS . The

irrb paai\{u[s] | SeXefeou ^iKiT0^e> were
timenos-visM and the temple itself, to judge from the style of their ar v/e"
erected under Seleukos i Nikator (312—281 B.C.). The temple is remai ^ s)l0ws
preserved (fig. 441 is from the photograph in Mon. As. Mitt. 1931 ui P'- 24' j| staiidinf»'
the temple as seen from the S.W.). Its thirty-two Corinthian columns are a sectj0ns
though only four of them retain their capitals (fig. 442 = Herzfeld's elevation >