Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 3,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (earthquake, clouds, wind, dew, rain, meteorits): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1940)

Zeus as an ox; Zeus Olbios

653

Hypanis1, whence his cult spread still further afield2, even to
central Italy3 and Germany4.

(Steph. Byz. s.v. Kwrpos), Kepaffria (Menandros of Ephesos frag. 7 (Frag. hist. Gr. iv.
448 Muller) and Xenagoras frag. 8 (ib. iv. 527) ap. schol. and Tzetz. in Lyk. Al. 447 -
"taS- V- 738, 51 ff. He recalls Ovid's allusion to the horned Cerastae of Amathus, who
Used to sacrifice a stranger to lupiter Hospes (i.e. Zeus H^ios) till Venus in indignation
transformed them into savage bulls (Ov. met. 10. 222 ff. illos, gemino quondam quibus
aspera cornu | frons erat, unde etiam nomen traxere Cerastae. | ante fores horum stabat
ov's Hospitis ara; | ignarus sceleris (so J. N. Madvig for in lugubris sceleri (sceleris N.)
codd. J. p Postgate cj. lugubris; incesto) quam siquis sanguine tinctam | advena vidisset,
mactatos crederet illic | lactantes vitulos Amathusiacasque bidentes: | hospes erat caesus!
sacris offensa nefandis | ipsa suas urbes Ophiusiaque arva parabat | deserere alma Venus,
-35 ff- dum dubitat, quo mutet eos, ad cornua voltum | fiexit et admonita est haec illis
that' re^'n<^U' I grandiaque in torvos transformat membra iuvencos), and finally remarks
Qlat "ouserris' sacrifice of a stranger to Zeus (Hdt. 2. 45: see further F. Hiller von
ae*tringen in Pauly—W issowa Real-Enc. iii. 1074 ff.) is derived from this Cypriote
lce through Pygmalion (interp. Serv. in Verg. georg. 3. 5 Busiris, Aegypti rex,
Jus annis Iovi hospites immolabat: nam per octo annos sterilitate Aegypto laborante,
ai^m'l''on Cyprius finem futurum non ait, nisi sanguine hospitis litatum fuisset. primus
! & "oil ''estes a''enigena immolatus originem sacrificio dedit) or his brother Phrasios
oCto 2" 5 ■ i i TavTTjs eftaaiXeve TSouaipis, UocreiSGivos irais Kal Avo-tavdaaris rijs 'liird<pov.
k!itqt0vs *^*01" (8uev eiri fiivpjp Aids Kara ti \6yiov evvia yap (rrj aepopia tt)v AtyvrrTov
eav £^e' *'K'<rios ^ e\8uv Ik Kvrrpov, p.dvTis tt)v iinaTr)n-r)v, i<p7j tt\v dtpopiav iraiaaaSai,
rohs °V av^Pa Tt? Ai2 (Ttpd^tjiat Kar £tos. HoLnnpLt 5e eKeivov wpLcrov a<pd^as tov p.dvTiv
'• 6^ff°"TaS ^"'ous 2<"Pa&i cp- llyg.fab. 56 who calls him Thrasius, as does Ov.ao am.
Gold'. ^7"rtne'm Teukros und Teukrer Rotterdam 1913 p. 40 and Frazer

Salam- Adonis Attis Osiris3 i. 145 f. apparently refer to Teukros also the

Euseb n'an r'tC °^ sPear'nS a man for Agraulos or Diomedes (Porph. dc abst. 2. 54 f. -
^■"Puv'lSa-^' eV' 4' - ^ ^ Ti •SoXa/afl't, irpdrepov Si KopuviSi (KopuvlSiov codd.
4. tg* ' ^yHl- c- Iulian. 4. 128 (lxxvi. 697 c—d Migne). Kopwvela Euseb. praep. ev.
*«iE ,aiK' 24' CP- Steph. Byz. s. vv. Kopuveia-...TeTaprq ir6\is Kinrpov, Kopdtvq' ...t<rn
ie6(roP^P^ ^01pa ttjs ~a\apXvos rrjs ev KvTrpip) dvop.afop.e'vri, p.-qvl Kara KvTrpiovs'AippoSLfflip
T£i/ ^( Ptovos Trj 'AypaOXip ttj KeKpoiros Kal vip.<pi)s 'AypavXldos. Kal dik/xeve to (80s &%pi
"^P'lSoXo "0"S e'Ta P-CTefiaXev, ware Tip Aio^?)5ei tov dvBpwirov 86e<r8af iitft (va 5k

(ip-fjR T* T7>* ^^"ds veils Kal 6 rijs 'Aypa6\ov Kal Awp-r/dovs. 6 5e cr<payia^6/ievos virb
"■"■"Md^oD " a"y^e"os TP'S Tfp'^9« tov fiap.6v ■ ZireiTa 6 iepeis avTOv \6yxv (vaiev Kara tov
4. jg ' *al "C'rws avT&v eiri tt/v vr/irdeiaav (vrjdeio-av codd. v-qaBeiaav Euseb. praep. ev.
tri°dified " ' laude c<»'st. 13. atpSeiaav Kyrill. toe. cit.) irvpav uXoKOiirifej-)—a rite later
GriecJtm ^ovemiav (supra i. 659 n. 4). p". Schwenn Die Menschenopfer bei den
entttely ^Snurn Giessen 1915 pp. n, 70 f., 186 discusses this Salaminian rite, but

°^eus, knores all the foregoing evidence for human sacrifice in the Cypriote cults

'' **' ,^at^SC'lev J"scriptioncs antiquae orae septentrionalis Ponti Euxini YelxorxAi 1885
niar^lefra !l assign^ to the reign of Septimius Severus (193—211 a.d.) a slab of grey
°n ^orseb ; ■ Corimnian Piasters and a pediment, which contained the relief of a man
°f a Pubp0 k h°rSe 'leId by a naked bo>'- The inscription below is a decree in honour
^>co» Ti'C„ bcnefactor, Kallisthenes son of Kallisthenes, who is described thus: 16 ff.
"t*"t>U.evo[s <Lfl°Ta Kai irpdrruv ra o-vv<p(povTa ira\tt}p aTreSelxSy rrjs wiXews- lepevs Se
^'""Sstn, ""Po^ffTwroj Tijs iro\ews r/p.wv 8eou Aids 'OXfiiov [Kal . . . .~\ov\eas (E. H.
9^Pa7r(e),;^^Sts a compound of Xovw, a natural rain charm.' Perhaps rather a slip for
^Was- T>A" B' C-' 0'°* ay&s, rns tCjv aipwv evKpa[fflas Se6p.evos] | Mrvxev
•^ofj1) Te °*<r'a* "ffi»«» ftac^Xuo-e, tois] | [8e]ope'i>ois iiri5i[6]ovs xPVlA.aTa, I*1**

he Worship of Zeus at Olbia and in the neighbourhood see Miss G. Mi Hirst in