Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 3,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (earthquake, clouds, wind, dew, rain, meteorits): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1940)

704 The birth of Athena in art

Painter'1 (c. 420—410 B.C.2), depicts the judgment of Paris in terms,
so to speak, of the eastern pediment. The scene is flanked by two
quadrigae. In the centre an armed Athena stands before her judge-
To the right is a seated Aphrodite grouped with Eros; to the left>
a seated Hera with Hebe standing behind her. I submit that in
Pheidias' design too Hebe stood behind Hera. And, if so, her
companion was almost certainly Herakles, whose presence at the
birth of Athena is attested by vases of our first3 and third4 typeS-
This conjecture is strengthened by the fact that on the kratef of
the Villa Giulia5, which demonstrably borrowed its three central
figures6 and very possibly borrowed all its figures from the eastern
pediment of the Parthenon, Herakles and Hebe stand side by side-
In my restoration I have adopted from that krater the gesture of
Hebe's right hand, which may be characteristic as it occurs m
another vase-representation of her7, and also the entire figure 0
Herakles8, including his club and lion-skin9.

1 J. D. Beazley Attische Vasenmaler des rotfigurigen Stils Tubingen 1925 p. 451 n°'^
Hoppin Red-fig. Vases ii. 191 no. 44 had been content with a more general attribution
the circle of Meidias. • .

- M. H. Swindler Ancient Painting YaXe Univ. Press 1929 p. 193. If this dating
sound, I have placed the vase somewhat too late supra ii. 262.

3 Supra p. 665 n. 3 (fig. 477). 4 Supra p. 700 n. 3 (1) (fig- 51

5 Supra ii. 737 with fig. 668. 6 Supra p. 692 (fig. 501). j]o.

7 A red-figured kratdr from Ruvo, in the Jatta collection (no. 1093) (F. Garga
Grimaldi in the Ann. d. Inst. 1867 xxxix. 160—166, Mon. d. Inst, viii pi- 42> ' '
A. Baumeister in his Denkm. ii. 890 f. fig. 965 ([Ku/3]?}/3?;!), O. Jessen in Roscher *
Myth. ii. 2453 f. fig. 5), attributed to 'the Kadmos Painter' (J. D. Beazley ^ttlS
Vasenmaler des rotfigurigen Stils Tubingen 1925 p. 451 no. 1). , a

8 In order to make Herakles approach from the left, not from the rightj ^ n
gracing of the vase-figure turned back for front.

Frag. 51 in A. H. Smith The Sculptures of the Parthenon London
1910 p. 23 pi. 14 a (fig. 523) is perhaps part of Herakles' left thigh
(height o-26m).

a One interesting result of this procedure is that we obtain a
Plieidiac prototype of the Lansdowne Herakles (Specimens of Ancient
Sctilpture...selected from different collections in Great Britain by the
Society of the Dilettanti London 1809 i pi. 40, Clarac Mus. de Sculpt.
v. 14 pi. 788 fig. 1973, cp. pi. 802 G fig. 1973 a (reversed), Brunn—
Bruckmann Denkm. der gr. und rom. Sculpt, pis. 691 and 692 with
Text pp. 1—5 by A. Preyss. See also A. Kalkmann Die Proportionen pig. 523-

des Gesichts in der griechischen Kunst Berlin 1893 p. 61, C. Picard SC^P^1
La sctilpture antique Paris 1926 ii. 84, 160, 170, G. M. A. Richter The ^&xao^
and Sculptors of the Greeks Yale Univ. Press 1929 p. 135 with fig. 707)- Tha ^0{[S.
statue portrays the hero in a very similar pose and with very similar p1 t ^reat
Critics have regarded it sometimes as Lysippean (A. Michaelis Ancient Marbles l' ^ ^
Britain Cambridge 1882 p. 451 f., P. Gardner in the fourn. Hell. Stud. r9°3 Art
1905 xxv. 234 fif., W. W. Hyde Olympic Victor Monuments and Greek At ^ ;v,
Washington 1921 p. 298), sometimes as Scopaic (B. Graef in the Rom. , ^c0pas et
189 ff., Furtwangler Masterpieces of Gk. Sculpt, p. 296 f. fig. 125, M. Collignon