Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 3,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (earthquake, clouds, wind, dew, rain, meteorits): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1940)

The aigts and Gorgoneion of Athena 849

The middle type (fig'. 663)1 retained the round face, the furrowed
forehead, the wide toothy mouth, and the lolling tongue, but made
all these traits somewhat milder and less horrific. The snakes are
apt to pass into snaky locks, and the beard vanishes. The whole
effect is repellent rather than repulsive.

The beautiful type appears for the first time in the head
grasped by Perseus on a red-figured vase dating from c. 475 B.C.
(fig. 664)2 and then, mostly in Satyric scenes, on later Attic
or early South Italian vases3. It was perhaps inspired, as

Fig. 664.

1 An antefix of terracotta found before the east front of the Bouleuterion at Olympia.
The tongue is red; the teeth, white. To be dated 450—400 H.c. (R. Borrmann in
Olympia ii. 195 f. fig. 13 restoration, pi. 120, 1 in colours ( = my fig. 663) with side view,
A. Furtwangler he. cit. p. 1720 f., E. N. Gardiner Olympia lis History cV Remains
Oxford 1925 p. 9 with fig. 69 opposite p. 226).

2 A hydria from Kyrenaike (De Ridder Cat. Vases de la Bibl. Nat. ii. 346 and 348
no- 4s6 fig. 79 ( = my fig. 664)). Mr C. D. Bicknell notes the influence of Kritios'
tyrannicides, set up in the Athenian Agora in 477 B.C. Head in profile.

3 (1) A heW-i-raUr from Bologna (H. Luckenbach in the Ann. d. Inst. 1881 liii.
82—87 pi. F, Reinach Rep. Vases i. 344, 7), which Furtwangler Masterpieces of Gk.
Sculpt, pp. ,58, 201 assigns to the 'middle of the fifth century.' Head full-face.

(2) A vo\\Aa-kraUr from Ceglie, now at Taranto (figured infra Append. P p. 996),
which gives the Satyric setting in completest form. Head full-face.

(3) A \K\\-krat,lr from Basilicata (Reinach Vases Ant. p. 94 pi- MiUingen 3. O. Jahn
in Philologus 1868 xxvii. 16 f. pi. 1, 3), of which Furtwangler Masterpieces of Gk. Sculpt.
P- 201 n. 2 says: 'early Lower Italy vase'...' reproduces an Attic model.' Head full-face.

(4) A South Italian kraler{t), probably from Bari, in the Fontana collection at
Trieste (E. Curtius Herakles der Satyr und Dreifussrauber (Winckelmannsfest-Progr.
Berlin xii) Berlin 1852 pp. 1 fl"., 14 n. 1 with col. p\. = id. in his Gesammelte Abhand-

C. III. 54