Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 3,2): Zeus god of the dark sky (earthquake, clouds, wind, dew, rain, meteorits) (Cambridge, 1940)

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Addenda

xi. 15 f. figs. 116—122, W. Lamb Greek and Roman Bronzes London 1929 p. 227 f.,
S. B. Platner—T. Ashby A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome Oxford 1929
p. 292 (temple at the western corner of the Aventine, shrine on the Esquiline, shrine
in Reg. xiv), The Illustrated London News for Aug. 17, 1935 p. 290 (recent finds on the
Aventine, including a photograph of the sanctuary, a marble statue of the god holding a
double axe in his right hand and a thunderbolt in his left, an inscription mentioning
Commodus, etc.), G. I. Kazarow 'Denkmaler des Dolichenus-Kultes' in the Jahreslt.
d. oest. arch. Inst. 1932 xxvii. 168—173 figs. 105—108 (finds made in 1930 at Jasseu
near Widin (Bononia) in Bulgaria, including a triangular bronze plate with well-preserved
reliefs of the god on his bull and his partner on her hind, a bronze tablet inscribed
/. 0. M. Dol. I Aur. Bas\sns sac. | sei~vus eius, and the left half of another bronze tablet
with the pointillie inscription /. 0. [M. Dol.} \ Fl. Sabin[us...] \ Valeria V[...] | Tin-
sadno... \ si/o ex iusso [dei]).

i. 611 f. eagle between horns of bull and on short column beneath bull. Perhaps cp.
the terra-cotta group published in pi. lxxvii, a and b.

i. 619 n. 4. A rosette on the forehead of a bull is a commonplace in ancient art: see
J. Dechelette Manuel d'archeologie Paris 1910 ii. 1. 480, 1914 ii. 3. 1310. A couple
of examples will suffice. A gold earring of Greek work (s. iv—iii B.C.), found in Palestine
and now in my possession, shows a bull's head with a spiral rosette on the forehead.
A gold strap-buckle of the La Tene period, found in the tomb of Chilperich i at Tournai
in 1653 and stolen from the Cabinet des Medailles in 1831, had also a spiral rosette on
the forehead (F. Dahn Urgeschichte der germanischen und romanischen Vblker Berlin
1883 iii. 480 fig. 18 f., J. Dechelette op. cit. ii. 3. 1308 fig. 570, 2). Both are possibly
symbolic.

S. Ronzevalle Jupiter Hiliopolitain Beyrouth 1937 p. 51 ff. publishes a pair of
monuments from the Hauran. A basalt stele (o-875m high) from Tell As'ari near Tafas,
now in the Museum at Damaskos, shows a bull-headed god en face. His horns make
a large crescent enclosing a rosette. Under his left arm is a smaller rosette. And across
his body is a sword (pi. i\bis, fa and 5„). An almost exact replica of this relief (o'8om
high) is to be seen in a niche at 'Awas south of Salhad (fig. 12). Ronzevalle cp. a square
altar of basalt (o'88m high) from Salhad, on which a bull's head appears in relief between
the two parts of a Greek dedication to Zeus /idyas 6 Kvpios (M. Dunand Le Mustfe de
Soue'ida : Inscriptions el monuments figures Paris 1934 p. 99 no. 200 Aii /iey&\\ip
Kvpiwt I U7rep aojTijfjlas \ Moviixov ~Ba\<rt\t<TKov K[6p]\ou jj "Avos olko86\/xos evaefiwv eirdl-qtre).

i. 624 the Milky Way and Hera. So in Siberian mythology a Buriat tale explains
the Milky Way as the overflow from the breasts of the Heaven-goddess Manzan Gormo
(U. Holmberg Finno- Ugric, Siberian Mythology Boston 1927 pp. 414, 434).

i. 625 n. 1 the stars as flowers. Cp. Basil, horn, in hexaem. 6. 1 (xxix. 117 c Migne)
rls 6 tols iLvOeai toutols diairoiKLXas rbv oiipavbv and the remarks of A. von Humboldt
Cosmos trans. E. C. Otte London 1849 n- 395-

i. 626 the Byzantine list of planets, metals, plants, and animals. S. Langdon in the
Museum Journal: University of Pennsylvania, 1918 ix. 151—156 with fig. describes a
Babylonian tablet of c. 1600 B.C. dealing with symbolism in the Cassite period. W. N. Bates
in the Am. Joum. Arch. 1919 xxiii. 179 summarises: 'The text explains the divine
powers which are controlled or symbolized by various substances and utensils employed
in the rituals. Thus the jar of holy water signifies Ninhabursildu, queen of incantations;
the tamerisk signifies the god of the heavens; the head of the date palm, Tammuz; the
cypress, the aid of Adad; the censer invokes the god of the spring sun, Urasha, etc.
It also gives the only information yet recovered about the mystic meanings of metals.
Silver is the god of the heavens, gold the earth god, copper the god of the sea, lead the
great mother goddess.' Prof. Langdon adds in a letter of Oct. 31, 1919: 'the sky god is
symbolized by silver...because for astronomical reasons the Moon (or the silver god) was
identified with the sky god at the summer solstice.' See further C. O. Zuretti Alchemistica
signa {Catalogue des manuscrits alchimu/ues grecs viii) Bruxelles 1932 p. 1 ff.

i. 626 ff. Akin to the silvered or gilded plates of Iupiter Dolicheuus is one of repousse"
bronze, found by E. Cunnington in 1882 at the Romano-Celtic temple in Maiden Castle
and now in the Museum at Dorchester (fig. 877, a front, b back, from the official photo-
graphs). It represents Minerva standing en face with helmet, spear, Gorgon's head, and
shield, the whole on a raised oblong surrounded by the usual spear-head and lily-work
(R. E. M. Wheeler in 'The Antiquaries Journal 1935 xv. 272). At the bottom edge are
the remains of one or two letters, part of a lost inscription (Lt.-Col. C. D. Drew in a
communication dated March 20, 1938). Minerva is known elsewhere on the plates of
Dolichenus (supra i. 616 fig. 487, 019 with fig. 490), and it is conceivable that the cull
of this maiden goddess, domiciled in the fourth-century temple (for which see R. E. M.