Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 3,2): Zeus god of the dark sky (earthquake, clouds, wind, dew, rain, meteorits) (Cambridge, 1940)

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Addenda

Eastern Frieze of the Parthenon' in the Journ. Hell. Stud. 1929 xlix. 7—13 figs, t—6
(summarised by E. H. Heffner in the Am. Journ. Arch. 1929 xxxiii. 555 f.) observes
that exquisite sepia-drawings made in all probability by William Pars in 1765—6 and
now in the Elgin Collection at the British Museum bring out sundry details no longer
distinct (heads of Athena and Hephaistos, etc.). 'The central group is divided off from
the rest of the frieze right and left by intervals of space down through which, on either
hand, a slightly scored line may be traced. It is probable, 1 tninic, tnat these lines
defined a difference of colour in the background which showed that the central action
was on a different plane from the rest, that is, in the interior of the Temple.'

Lily Ross Taylor 'Seats and Peplos on the Parthenon Frieze' in the Am. Journ.
Arch. 1936 xl. I2t and ead. 'A Setlisternium on the Parthenon Frieze' in Quantula-
cumque: Studies Presented to Kirsopp Lake London 1937 pp. 253—264 figs. 1—7
suggests that the ptlplos was intended, not as clothing for the xbanon of Athena, but as
drapery to be placed over the chair of one of the gods.

ii. 1135 n. 4. N. Valmin 'Die Zeus-Stoa in der Agora von Athen' in the K. Human-
islika Vetenskapssamfundets i Lund Arsberiitlelse 1933—1934 i {Bulletin de la Societe
Royale des Lettres de Ltind [933—1934 i) Lund 1934 pp. 1—7 with fig. 1 ('Skizzenplan')
rightly located the Stoh Bastleios and identified it with the Stod of 'Zeus Soter-
Eleutherios.' O.Walter 'Zeus- und Kdnigshalle der Athener Agora' in the Jahresh.
d. oest. arch. Inst. 1936 xxx Beiblatt pp. 95—100 maintains that the Stoh Bastleios
(c. 500 B.C.) was distinct from the Stod of Zeus Eletitherios (shortly before 400 B.C.). But
that is not the view taken by the American excavators of the Agora {Hesperia 1937 vi.
225 f.). Thanks to their highly successful researches it is now possible to assert with
some confidence that the Stoh Baslleios was identical with the Stod of Zeus Eleuthe'rios,
and to get some idea of its history and appearance. See the definitive account of the
building contributed by H. A. Thompson to Hesperia 1937 vi. 5 — 77 ('Stoa of Zeus
Eletitherios') with pi. 1 groundplan, actual state, pi. 2 groundplan, restored, and 39 figs.
By the courtesy of Mr Thompson I am able to reproduce both the restored plan
(pi. 2 = my fig. 923) and the restored elevation (fig. 34 = my fig. 924) of this important
structure. It seems probable that certain earlier remains found beneath the Stod
(rectangular base ofporos with neighbouring altar) belonged to a sanctuary of Zeus Sottr
or Eleuthe'rios (schol. Aristoph. Plout. 1175 tv darei Ala Sur^pa Tip.uaiv, iv9a Kai
— wrijpos Aids eariv lepov rbv avrov he Zvloi nal 'EXevQ^pLov (pacri), who owed his second
title to the deliverance from Persia that he had wrought (Harpokr. s.v. ' EXevBtpios Zeus-
'TnepelSris {frag. 25 p. 279a 32 ff. Sauppe) "rip fiev toIvvv Ad, w avtipes Binaural, ij
eiriovvp.la ye^yove rod 'EXevd^piov trpoaayopetjeirdai 5ta to tovs e^eXevdepovs tt\v GToav
OLKo5op.rjaaL ttjp irXtjcrlov adrov.u b de Aldvp.6s <pr\aiv ap-apTaveiv rbv pr\Topa- eKXrjd-q yap
'EXevOepios dia t6 tuiv M-qdiKuiv d7ra\Xa7^at tovs 'AOrjvalovs. tin Se etnyeypaiTTai p.ev
2wT7)p, dvofiafcTai Se Kal 'EXevd^pios, St]Xol Kai MtvavSpos, cp. et. mag. p. 329, 44 ff.).
The pre-Persic statue of the god presumably perished in the sack of 480/479 B.C. and was
later replaced by another statue bearing the appellation Eleuthe'rios. When the Stod was
designed, c. 430 B.C., room was left in Iront of it for the famous figure on a large circular
base. The budding, which was virtually completed by 409/8 B.C. {Inscr. Gr. ed. min. i
no. 115, 7 f. \jvp60-6ev Srojas Tes Ba<ri\efas), was a Doric colonnade with a facade

of seven columns and two wings of six by four columns—an arrangement perhaps
suggested by that of Mnesikles' Propylaia. On the back-wall were paintings of the
Twelve Gods (Paus. 1. 3. 3); on 'the wall beyond,' probably the south wall, paintings of
Theseus and Demokratia and Demos (Paus. id.); also, presumably on the north wall, a
painting of the battle fought at Mantineia by the Athenians sent to help the Lace-
daemonians (Paus. 1. 3. 4). The paintings were by Euphranor (Val. Max. 8. 11. ext. 5,
Plin. nat. hist. 35. 129, Plout. de glor. Ath. 2, Loukian. imagg. 7, Paus. 1. 3. 4, Eustath.
in 11. p. 145, 10 ff.). The tiled roof had two akroteria in terra cotta, which represented
Theseus hurling Skiron into the sea and Hemera carrying Kephalos (Paus. 1. 3. 1),
perhaps a relic of the official quarters assigned to the basileus before the Persian invasion
(see, however, the suggestions of C. Picard in the Rev. Arch. 1938 ii. 9? f.). An annex
of two large rooms was built behind the Stod in s. i A.D. to secure greater privacy for
the court of the basileus and for occasional meetings of the council of the Areopagites
(cp. Dem. in Aristog. 1. 23).

ii. 1137 n. o the basileus about to wear Athena's piffilos(?). Cp. Diod. 1. 14 (each of
the gods honoured Herakles with special gifts) 'Ad-qvS. fliv ire'irXip, "H.<pat<7Tos 8e poiraXip
Kal diipaKt. For interchange of clothing see further W. R. Halliday The Greek Questions
of Plutarch Oxford 1928 p. 2r6 ff.

ii. 1143. K. A. Neugebauer in the Jahrb. d. Deutsch. Arch. Lnst. 1a.11 xxxvii Arch.
Anz. p. 76 no. 25 records the acquisition by the Berlin Antiquarium (inv. no. 30021,