DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.786#0344
CHAP. L.]
ANTIQUITY OF CLUSIUM.
327
Chiusi is the representative of Clusium, the city of the
magnanimous Porsena, one of the most ancient in Italy,
among the Twelve of the Etruscan Confederation ;* indeed
it would appear that for a time
" The banner of proud Clusium
Was highest of them all."
Its original name was Camars,5 whence it has been
22 from Cortona, about 35 from Orvieto,
5 from Cetona, as many from Sarteano,
8 from Chianciano, 12 from Montepul-
ciano, 20 from Radieofani, 23 from
Acquapendente, 20 from Pienza, 48
from Siena, and 88 from Florence.
Polybius (II. 25) says Clusium was
three days journey from Rome ; Strabo
(V. p. 226) calls it 800 stadia, or 100
miles, which is less than the distance by
the modern road, and than by the
ancient Via Cassia, according to
Antonine Itinerary.
the
Roma.
Baccanas
XXI.
Sutrio
XII.
Forum Cassii
XI.
Vulsinios
XXVIII.
Clusium
XXX.
The Peutingerian Table, in the part of
this road after Sutrium, is defective and
very incorrect.
Roma.
Ad Sextum
VI.
Veios
VI.
Vacanas
vim.
Sutrio
XII.
Vico Matrini
—
Foro Cassii
mi.
Aquas Passaris
XI.
Volsinis
vim.
Pallio fl.
—
Clusio
vim.
* That Clusium was oue of the Twelve
is manifest from the prominent part she
took in the war which Etruria, under
her chieftain Porsena, waged against
Rome. The very name of Clusium
struck terror into the Senate—" non
unquam alias ante tantus terror sena-
tum invasit, adeo valida res turn Clusina
erat, magnumque Porsense nomen."
Liv. II. 9. A city, whose ruler headed
the forces of the whole Etruscan State,
cannot have been of second-rate im-
portance. See Floras, I. 10. Dion.
Hal. V. pp. 303, 304. Plutarch (Pub-
licola) also says Lars Porsena had the
greatest power among the princes of
Italy. There is no reason however to
believe, that though Clusium on this
occasion took a prominent part among
the cities of the Confederation, she
was, as Dempster (II. p. 71) infers,
the metropolis of Etruria. This city
has further claims to rank among the
Twelve, as being one of the five which
assisted the Latins against the first
Tarquin. Dion. Hal. III. p. 189.
s Liv. X. 25 ; cf. Polyb. II. 19, 5.
Niebuhr (HI. p. 377), however, thinks
that Polybius here refers to Camerinum
in Umbria, and says Livy remembers
at an improper time that Clusium was
called Camars in Etruscan.
There are certain coins with the
type of a wild boar, on both sides, and
the legend ka or kam, which are
ascribed to Camars, or Clusium. Yet
the legend is peculiar in running from
left to right, and if the letters are
ANTIQUITY OF CLUSIUM.
327
Chiusi is the representative of Clusium, the city of the
magnanimous Porsena, one of the most ancient in Italy,
among the Twelve of the Etruscan Confederation ;* indeed
it would appear that for a time
" The banner of proud Clusium
Was highest of them all."
Its original name was Camars,5 whence it has been
22 from Cortona, about 35 from Orvieto,
5 from Cetona, as many from Sarteano,
8 from Chianciano, 12 from Montepul-
ciano, 20 from Radieofani, 23 from
Acquapendente, 20 from Pienza, 48
from Siena, and 88 from Florence.
Polybius (II. 25) says Clusium was
three days journey from Rome ; Strabo
(V. p. 226) calls it 800 stadia, or 100
miles, which is less than the distance by
the modern road, and than by the
ancient Via Cassia, according to
Antonine Itinerary.
the
Roma.
Baccanas
XXI.
Sutrio
XII.
Forum Cassii
XI.
Vulsinios
XXVIII.
Clusium
XXX.
The Peutingerian Table, in the part of
this road after Sutrium, is defective and
very incorrect.
Roma.
Ad Sextum
VI.
Veios
VI.
Vacanas
vim.
Sutrio
XII.
Vico Matrini
—
Foro Cassii
mi.
Aquas Passaris
XI.
Volsinis
vim.
Pallio fl.
—
Clusio
vim.
* That Clusium was oue of the Twelve
is manifest from the prominent part she
took in the war which Etruria, under
her chieftain Porsena, waged against
Rome. The very name of Clusium
struck terror into the Senate—" non
unquam alias ante tantus terror sena-
tum invasit, adeo valida res turn Clusina
erat, magnumque Porsense nomen."
Liv. II. 9. A city, whose ruler headed
the forces of the whole Etruscan State,
cannot have been of second-rate im-
portance. See Floras, I. 10. Dion.
Hal. V. pp. 303, 304. Plutarch (Pub-
licola) also says Lars Porsena had the
greatest power among the princes of
Italy. There is no reason however to
believe, that though Clusium on this
occasion took a prominent part among
the cities of the Confederation, she
was, as Dempster (II. p. 71) infers,
the metropolis of Etruria. This city
has further claims to rank among the
Twelve, as being one of the five which
assisted the Latins against the first
Tarquin. Dion. Hal. III. p. 189.
s Liv. X. 25 ; cf. Polyb. II. 19, 5.
Niebuhr (HI. p. 377), however, thinks
that Polybius here refers to Camerinum
in Umbria, and says Livy remembers
at an improper time that Clusium was
called Camars in Etruscan.
There are certain coins with the
type of a wild boar, on both sides, and
the legend ka or kam, which are
ascribed to Camars, or Clusium. Yet
the legend is peculiar in running from
left to right, and if the letters are