DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.28460#0364
330
Early German ancl Flemish Woodcuts.—Part II.
the combatants was unhorsed by the force of their impact. The lance (“ Eennspiess ”)
nsed in these courscs was 13 ft. long, and its greatest diameter was 2f in. Tlie
shield was made of hard wood overlaid with leather, and covered in front with a cloth
matching the horse’s trappings in colour and deeoration.
In “ Stechen” the lance (“ Stechstange ”) was of the same length, but stouter, 3J in.
in diameter. It was tipped with a coronal. The small ribbed shield was tied to the 1.
shoulder by laces, and this was the point aimed at. Eacli knight sought to unhorse his
adversary, or at least to break his own lance upon his shield. In tbe ordinary method,
or “ Deutsche Grestecb,” the combatants met in the open lists and their legs and r. hands
were unarmed; in the Italian method, or “ Welsche Gestech ” (no. 133), leg-armour
was worn, the r. hand was protected by a gauntlet and the combatants tilted across a
wooden barrier, about five feet high, which they kept on their 1. hand. In the German
method the saddle had an upright plate in front, but none behind, so that it was easy to
lose the seat; in the Italian method the saddle had high front and rear supports, so that
the rider seldom lost his seat unless the horse fell with him. In all these courses the
horses were blindfolded and had their ears stopped ; they were specially trained to run
straight.
In the combat on foot—a new development of the “ Turnier,” introduced in defiance
of earlier notions of chivalry by the influence of Maximilian himself—the combatants
were fullv armed and used a large variety of weapons. Fourteen kinds, including swords,
clubs, poles, flails, halberds, javelins, etc., occur on the Freydal miniatures. The
combatants in no. 134 use daggers.
The masquerades in Freydal consist chiefly of dances by persons disguised in
characteristic or grotesque costumes. These, as accounts prove, were provided by the
court tailor, at the Emperor’s expense, for all who were to take part in the masquerade.
The couples either followed one another in procession (“ Keihentanz ”) or danced in a
circle. In the courtly measures, the feet were hardly raised; springing motions were
reserved for the more grotesque and rustic dances. The music generally consisted only
of drum and fife.
131. THE “ SCHAEFRENNEN.” H. 2097. P. 288.
Freydal (Maximilian) is on t.he 1., his opponent, Antonio de Caldonazo,
Baron of Ivano, on the r. The latter wears as crest a reel with a loose
end of twine. Freydal’s lance already lies on the ground : the other has
just left the hand of its owner ; both shields are detached.
[225 X 245.] Good, old impression, but after a crack which can be traced across the
sky exactly above Ivano’s lance-rest. Watermark, a pointed shield, uearly heart-shaped,
with a star over it, as in Ha. 34.
Collection, Miss Sarah Banks (d. 1S18).
Presented by Lady Banks, 1818.
For reproductions'of the woodcut, see Ilirth, Les Grands lllustrateurs, no. 476, and
v. Leitner, p. xi; for an account of Ivano, ibid. p. ciii.
The woodcut is founded on no. 101 of the Freydal miniatures. Diirer has adhered
closely to the miniature, except in making Ivano’s horse advance a little farther 1. He
has covered Ivano’s clothes, shield, and horse-trappings, which are plain in the miniature,
with abrocaded pattern, which often occurs on woodcuts of about tliis date; see nos. 130b,
(2, 14,’22), 135, 136, 140, 141, 146.
132. TIIE “ ANZOGEN-RENNEN.”
B. app. 36. II. 2098. P. 289. R.—A 49.
Freydal keeps his seat, while his opponent, fSTiclas von Firmian, falls
headlong.
[223 X 243.] A rather late impression; a crack, partly disguised by Indian ink,
passes across the sky, and Freydal’s helm and sliield. IVatermark, a small imperial
eagle.
In tbe inventory of 1837.
For reproductions, see Hirtb, no 474, and v. Leitner, p. ix ; for an account of Firmiau,
ibid. p. Ixxvii. The woodcut is founded on no. 97 of the Freydal miniatures. Diirer hns
again followed tlie miniature closely in the main, wliile correcting faults inthedrawing.
TJre clouds and biid are introduced by him,
Early German ancl Flemish Woodcuts.—Part II.
the combatants was unhorsed by the force of their impact. The lance (“ Eennspiess ”)
nsed in these courscs was 13 ft. long, and its greatest diameter was 2f in. Tlie
shield was made of hard wood overlaid with leather, and covered in front with a cloth
matching the horse’s trappings in colour and deeoration.
In “ Stechen” the lance (“ Stechstange ”) was of the same length, but stouter, 3J in.
in diameter. It was tipped with a coronal. The small ribbed shield was tied to the 1.
shoulder by laces, and this was the point aimed at. Eacli knight sought to unhorse his
adversary, or at least to break his own lance upon his shield. In tbe ordinary method,
or “ Deutsche Grestecb,” the combatants met in the open lists and their legs and r. hands
were unarmed; in the Italian method, or “ Welsche Gestech ” (no. 133), leg-armour
was worn, the r. hand was protected by a gauntlet and the combatants tilted across a
wooden barrier, about five feet high, which they kept on their 1. hand. In the German
method the saddle had an upright plate in front, but none behind, so that it was easy to
lose the seat; in the Italian method the saddle had high front and rear supports, so that
the rider seldom lost his seat unless the horse fell with him. In all these courses the
horses were blindfolded and had their ears stopped ; they were specially trained to run
straight.
In the combat on foot—a new development of the “ Turnier,” introduced in defiance
of earlier notions of chivalry by the influence of Maximilian himself—the combatants
were fullv armed and used a large variety of weapons. Fourteen kinds, including swords,
clubs, poles, flails, halberds, javelins, etc., occur on the Freydal miniatures. The
combatants in no. 134 use daggers.
The masquerades in Freydal consist chiefly of dances by persons disguised in
characteristic or grotesque costumes. These, as accounts prove, were provided by the
court tailor, at the Emperor’s expense, for all who were to take part in the masquerade.
The couples either followed one another in procession (“ Keihentanz ”) or danced in a
circle. In the courtly measures, the feet were hardly raised; springing motions were
reserved for the more grotesque and rustic dances. The music generally consisted only
of drum and fife.
131. THE “ SCHAEFRENNEN.” H. 2097. P. 288.
Freydal (Maximilian) is on t.he 1., his opponent, Antonio de Caldonazo,
Baron of Ivano, on the r. The latter wears as crest a reel with a loose
end of twine. Freydal’s lance already lies on the ground : the other has
just left the hand of its owner ; both shields are detached.
[225 X 245.] Good, old impression, but after a crack which can be traced across the
sky exactly above Ivano’s lance-rest. Watermark, a pointed shield, uearly heart-shaped,
with a star over it, as in Ha. 34.
Collection, Miss Sarah Banks (d. 1S18).
Presented by Lady Banks, 1818.
For reproductions'of the woodcut, see Ilirth, Les Grands lllustrateurs, no. 476, and
v. Leitner, p. xi; for an account of Ivano, ibid. p. ciii.
The woodcut is founded on no. 101 of the Freydal miniatures. Diirer has adhered
closely to the miniature, except in making Ivano’s horse advance a little farther 1. He
has covered Ivano’s clothes, shield, and horse-trappings, which are plain in the miniature,
with abrocaded pattern, which often occurs on woodcuts of about tliis date; see nos. 130b,
(2, 14,’22), 135, 136, 140, 141, 146.
132. TIIE “ ANZOGEN-RENNEN.”
B. app. 36. II. 2098. P. 289. R.—A 49.
Freydal keeps his seat, while his opponent, fSTiclas von Firmian, falls
headlong.
[223 X 243.] A rather late impression; a crack, partly disguised by Indian ink,
passes across the sky, and Freydal’s helm and sliield. IVatermark, a small imperial
eagle.
In tbe inventory of 1837.
For reproductions, see Hirtb, no 474, and v. Leitner, p. ix ; for an account of Firmiau,
ibid. p. Ixxvii. The woodcut is founded on no. 97 of the Freydal miniatures. Diirer hns
again followed tlie miniature closely in the main, wliile correcting faults inthedrawing.
TJre clouds and biid are introduced by him,