DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.796#0030
AS SANCTUARY, CITADEL AND RESIDENCE 9
of which are too shallow and open to afford concealment.
The apparent identity of the Pan and Apollo sanctuary is easily
accounted for as follows : The scene of the legend of Apollo
and Creusa, from whom Ion is born, is to be placed in the
secluded recesses of the fourth cave (A-A). From this tradi-
tion sprang the cult of " Apollo under the Heights." But this
worship extended itself so as to include also the adjacent
caves. In these more open grottoes would then be placed the
altars and votive offerings. This was the situation until after
the Persian invasion, when, as is known, the worship of Pan
was introduced into Athens from Arcadia. Herodotus (vi.
105) says that the Athenians, in acknowledgement of the aid
Pan had given them at the battle of Marathon, founded a
sanctuary of Pan under the Acropolis. Now the connection
between Pan and Apollo is well known. Pan would naturally
have his altar by the side of his companion. These caves then
beneath the Mcucpai of the Acropolis, which were originally
dedicated to Apollo, became the common sanctuary of the two.
But in course of time the god of the woods and caves would
naturally have his name more closely associated with the more
secret and retired cave (A-A). This again would lead to the
closer association of Apollo with the more exposed cave (B).
In this way the references in the Ion and the Lysistrata, and
the statements of Pausanias and of Lucian (7) are brought
into harmony with the results of the excavations (8).
Some three yards east of the cave of Apollo was found
a round hole in the rock, of somewhat irregular shape (y)
about 2 metres (6J ft.) wide and nearly as deep. This
hole Cavvadias conjectures may be the cleft said to have
been made by Poseidon's trident, down which Erechtheus
vanished (Eur. Ion, vv. 281, 282). A little eastward from
the cave of Pan the recent excavations have laid bare a
stairway hewn in the rock (E, E) and ascending in an easterly
direction to the wall of the Acropolis. Seventeen steps have
been preserved. The stairway leads to a postern (now built
up) in the wall of the Acropolis. Inside the postern a
staircase of twenty-two steps {H) leads up to the plateau of
the Acropolis some 50 metres to the west of the Erechtheum.
This is an ancient entrance to the Acropolis, which was either
kept secret or had fallen into disuse before the time of
of which are too shallow and open to afford concealment.
The apparent identity of the Pan and Apollo sanctuary is easily
accounted for as follows : The scene of the legend of Apollo
and Creusa, from whom Ion is born, is to be placed in the
secluded recesses of the fourth cave (A-A). From this tradi-
tion sprang the cult of " Apollo under the Heights." But this
worship extended itself so as to include also the adjacent
caves. In these more open grottoes would then be placed the
altars and votive offerings. This was the situation until after
the Persian invasion, when, as is known, the worship of Pan
was introduced into Athens from Arcadia. Herodotus (vi.
105) says that the Athenians, in acknowledgement of the aid
Pan had given them at the battle of Marathon, founded a
sanctuary of Pan under the Acropolis. Now the connection
between Pan and Apollo is well known. Pan would naturally
have his altar by the side of his companion. These caves then
beneath the Mcucpai of the Acropolis, which were originally
dedicated to Apollo, became the common sanctuary of the two.
But in course of time the god of the woods and caves would
naturally have his name more closely associated with the more
secret and retired cave (A-A). This again would lead to the
closer association of Apollo with the more exposed cave (B).
In this way the references in the Ion and the Lysistrata, and
the statements of Pausanias and of Lucian (7) are brought
into harmony with the results of the excavations (8).
Some three yards east of the cave of Apollo was found
a round hole in the rock, of somewhat irregular shape (y)
about 2 metres (6J ft.) wide and nearly as deep. This
hole Cavvadias conjectures may be the cleft said to have
been made by Poseidon's trident, down which Erechtheus
vanished (Eur. Ion, vv. 281, 282). A little eastward from
the cave of Pan the recent excavations have laid bare a
stairway hewn in the rock (E, E) and ascending in an easterly
direction to the wall of the Acropolis. Seventeen steps have
been preserved. The stairway leads to a postern (now built
up) in the wall of the Acropolis. Inside the postern a
staircase of twenty-two steps {H) leads up to the plateau of
the Acropolis some 50 metres to the west of the Erechtheum.
This is an ancient entrance to the Acropolis, which was either
kept secret or had fallen into disuse before the time of