Edwards, Amelia B.: A thousand miles up the Nile (New York, [1888])

APPENDIX.

453

the dated sepulchral tablets of the bull Apis at the serapeum, the
lists of kings at Sakkarali, Thebes and Abydus, the chronological
canon of the Turin papyrus, and other incidental notices. But of
the anterior dynasties no certain chronological dates are afforded by
the monuments, those hitherto proposed not having stood the test of
historical or philological criticism."—S. Birch, LL.D.: "Guide
to the First and Second Egyptian Rooms at the Brit. Museum." 1874,
p. 10.

As some indication of the wide divergence of opinion upon this
subject, it is enough to point out that the German Egyptologists
alone differ as to the date of Menes or Mena (the first authentic king
of the ancient empire), to the following extent:

B. C.

BOKCKir places Mena in 5702

Unger places Mena in ... 5013

BitUGSCH places Mena in 4455

Latjtii places Mena in ... 4157

LEt'Sius places Mena in ... 3892

Buksen places Mena in ... 3G23

Mariette, though recognizing the need for extreme caution in the
acceptance or rejection of any of these calculations, inclined on the
whole to abide by the lists of Manetho; according to which the thirty-
four recorded dynasties would stand as follows:

ANCIENT EMPIRE.

DYNASTIES. CAPITALS.

n.'lThis • • • •
m.

IV.} Memphis .

V.)

VI. Elephantine .

Yin [ Memphis .
y' [■ Heracleopolis

B. c.
(5004
]4751

4449
J 4285
(3951

3703

3500

(3358
13240

MIDDLE EMPIRE.

XI.)

xii. y TL

Thebes
X11I.)

XIV. Xoi's . . . .
XV.)

XVI. - Shepherd Kings .
XVII.

(3064

- 3004

(2851

2398

2214

NEW EMPIRE.

DTNASTIES.

CAPITALS.

B. c.

XVIII.)



(1703
-H463
(1288

XIX.

Thebes .

XX.



XXI.'

Tanis

1110

XXII.

Bubastis

980

XXIII.

Tanis

810

XXIV.

Sai's .

721

XXV.

(Ethiopians) .

715

XXVI.

Sal's .

605

XXVII:

(Persians)

527

XXVIII.

Sai's . . .

405

XXIX.

Mendes .

399

XXX.

Sebennytis .

378

XXXI.

(Persians)

340

LOWER EMPIRE.



XXXII.

Macedonians

332

XXXIII.

((i reeks) .

305

XXXIV.

(Romans)

30

To this chronology may be opposed the brief table of dates com-
piled by M. Chabas. This table represents what may be called the
medium school of Egyptian chronology, and is offered by M. Chabas,
"not as an attempt to reconcile systems," but as an aid to the classi-
fication of certain broadly indicated epochs.